89 research outputs found
Affective Norms for German as a Second Language (ANGL2)
No full textSocial Science Development Research Project of Hebei ProvinceNational Social Science Fund of China http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100012456China Scholarship Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004543Double First Class Project of Beijing Foreign Studies Universit
Affective and Psycholinguistic Norms for 1200 Two‐character Chinese Words
No full textABSTRACT The interplay between emotion and language has drawn increasing attention from researchers in various fields, such as psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and artificial intelligence. The classification of emotional words is crucial to experimental studies, as it serves as a fundamental step for unveiling the complex relationship between emotion and language. Hence, the current study introduces affective and psycholinguistic norms for 1200 two‐character Chinese words. The affective variables, including emotional prototypicality (EmoPro), valence, and arousal, as well as psycholinguistic variables (abstractness and familiarity), were rated by native speakers of Chinese using a 7‐point Likert scale. This set of norms, as far as we know, is the first one that provides words’ EmoPro together with other affective and psycholinguistic variables rated by the same group of participants. The results of inter‐rater reliability and correlation tests showed that this set of norms had good reliability and validity. The correlation between EmoPro and arousal was significant and strong. Valence and arousal exhibited an asymmetric U‐shaped relationship, with negative words being rated higher in arousal than positive ones. We also identified a quadratic relationship between EmoPro and valence, indicating that more prototypical emotion‐label words tend to trigger more extreme valence ratings. EmoPro significantly and positively correlated with abstractness, indicating that prototypical emotion‐label words tend to be more abstract. In addition, familiarity and word frequency predict lexical decision performance, whereas EmoPro does not after controlling for other variables. The present set of Chinese norms supports material selection in experimental research, enables cross‐linguistic comparisons, and has potential applications in natural language processing.摘要 情绪与语言的相互作用日益受到心理语言学、神经语言学及人工智能等多个领域研究者的关注。作为揭示情绪与语言复杂关系的基础, 情绪词分类对实验研究具有重要意义。因此, 本研究建立了包含1200 个汉语双字词的情绪及心理语言学词库。汉语母语者采用7 级李克特量表对情绪变量 (情绪典型性、效价和唤醒度) 和心理语言学变量 (抽象性和熟悉度) 进行评定。据我们所知, 这是首个由同批被试同时评定词汇情绪典型性及其他情绪与心理语言学变量的词库。评分者间信度及相关性检验结果表明, 该词库具有良好的信度和效度。情绪典型性与唤醒度之间存在显著的强相关性;效价与唤醒度呈现非对称U 型关系, 消极词的唤醒度显著高于积极词。此外, 情绪典型性与效价呈现二次函数关系, 表明更具典型性的情绪标签词往往引发更极端的效价评分。情绪典型性与抽象性显著正相关, 表明典型性高的情绪标签词通常更抽象。在控制其他变量后, 熟悉度和词频能有效预测词汇判断反应时, 而情绪典型性预测作用不显著。本汉语词库可为实验研究中的材料筛选提供支持, 促进跨语言比较, 并在自然语言处理中具有潜在应用价值。ABSTRACT The interplay between emotion and language has drawn increasing attention from researchers in various fields, such as psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, and artificial intelligence. The classification of emotional words is crucial to experimental studies, as it serves as a fundamental step for unveiling the complex relationship between emotion and language. Hence, the current study introduces affective and psycholinguistic norms for 1200 two‐character Chinese words. The affective variables, including emotional prototypicality (EmoPro), valence, and arousal, as well as psycholinguistic variables (abstractness and familiarity), were rated by native speakers of Chinese using a 7‐point Likert scale. This set of norms, as far as we know, is the first one that provides words’ EmoPro together with other affective and psycholinguistic variables rated by the same group of participants. The results of inter‐rater reliability and correlation tests showed that this set of norms had good reliability and validity. The correlation between EmoPro and arousal was significant and strong. Valence and arousal exhibited an asymmetric U‐shaped relationship, with negative words being rated higher in arousal than positive ones. We also identified a quadratic relationship between EmoPro and valence, indicating that more prototypical emotion‐label words tend to trigger more extreme valence ratings. EmoPro significantly and positively correlated with abstractness, indicating that prototypical emotion‐label words tend to be more abstract. In addition, familiarity and word frequency predict lexical decision performance, whereas EmoPro does not after controlling for other variables. The present set of Chinese norms supports material selection in experimental research, enables cross‐linguistic comparisons, and has potential applications in natural language processing.摘要 情绪与语言的相互作用日益受到心理语言学、神经语言学及人工智能等多个领域研究者的关注。作为揭示情绪与语言复杂关系的基础, 情绪词分类对实验研究具有重要意义。因此, 本研究建立了包含1200 个汉语双字词的情绪及心理语言学词库。汉语母语者采用7 级李克特量表对情绪变量 (情绪典型性、效价和唤醒度) 和心理语言学变量 (抽象性和熟悉度) 进行评定。据我们所知, 这是首个由同批被试同时评定词汇情绪典型性及其他情绪与心理语言学变量的词库。评分者间信度及相关性检验结果表明, 该词库具有良好的信度和效度。情绪典型性与唤醒度之间存在显著的强相关性;效价与唤醒度呈现非对称U 型关系, 消极词的唤醒度显著高于积极词。此外, 情绪典型性与效价呈现二次函数关系, 表明更具典型性的情绪标签词往往引发更极端的效价评分。情绪典型性与抽象性显著正相关, 表明典型性高的情绪标签词通常更抽象。在控制其他变量后, 熟悉度和词频能有效预测词汇判断反应时, 而情绪典型性预测作用不显著。本汉语词库可为实验研究中的材料筛选提供支持, 促进跨语言比较, 并在自然语言处理中具有潜在应用价值
Mechanism Study of Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Toluene on TiO2 with Weak-Bond Adsorption Analysis Using In Situ Far Infrared Spectroscopy
No full textThe development of far infrared spectroscopy offers a powerful method for comprehensive study in adsorption structure and photocatalytic degradation mechanism of photocatalysis. This study presented an improved in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy technique in far infrared region for investigation of weak-bond adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene on the surface of TiO2. It was found that toluene tends to be adsorbed on the hydroxyl group via three possible sites, the ortho-, meta-, and para-adsorption site, instead of ipso-structure. The methyl group of toluene is consumed first during the process of toluene photocatalytic degradation. Based on these, a reaction route for the photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene on TiO2 surface was proposed
DRIFTS Evidence for Facet-Dependent Adsorption of Gaseous Toluene on TiO2 with Relative Photocatalytic Properties
No full textEffective adsorption is of great importance to the photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds. Herein, we succeeded in the preparation of anatase TiO2 with clean dominant {001} and {101} facets. By using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) equipped with a homemade reaction system and a coupling gas-dosing system, we found that TiO2 with dominant {001} facets exhibits higher toluene adsorption capacity than TiO2 with dominant {101} facets, which may be attributed to the different number of unsaturated 5c-Ti capable of forming the main active adsorption sites (terminal Ti-OH species). TiO2 with dominant {001} facets shows a significantly high photocatalytic degradation performance, with its degradation rate being 6 times higher than that of dominant {101} facets. Combined with simulation results, it is suggested that the synergetic effects of the formation of specific active adsorption sites, the low adsorption energy for toluene, and preservation of the free molecularly adsorbed water on the surface promote the degradation of gaseous toluene on the dominant {001} facets. This study exemplifies that the facet-dependent adsorption of volatile organic compounds is one of the most important factors to effectively engineer photocatalysts for air purification
Effect of surface modification with H2S and NH3 on TiO2 for adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of gaseous toluene
No full textThis study investigates the effects of surface modification with H2S and NH3 respectively on the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for toluene degradation. Surface modification with H2S was observed to enhance the adsorption of toluene and promote the degradation rate at the start of photocatalytic degradation, while that with NH3 inhibited the adsorption of toluene but enhanced the photocatalytic activity for the toluene degradation. By a combination of in situ DRIFTS and other characterization methods, the adsorption mechanism and relationship between surface structure and photocatalytic activity were proposed. For TiO2-H2S, the sulfhydryl group, which is formed from the dissociation of H2S molecules, could easily interact with toluene. The low photocatalytic activity may be caused by the inhibition of the regeneration of surface hydroxyl groups, poor generation of O2(-center dot) radicals and accumulation of highly stable intermediates. For TiO2-NH3, steric hindrance serves as interference to the adsorption of toluene, while the abundant surface hydroxyl groups are possibly conducive to the degradation of toluene. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Correction: Corrigendum: Adenylate kinase hCINAP determines self-renewal of colorectal cancer stem cells by facilitating LDHA phosphorylation
No full textNature Communications 8: Article number:15308 (2017); Published: 18 May 2017; Updated: 16 June 2017 The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Zemin Zhang, which was incorrectly given as Zeming Zhang. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</jats:p
Refinement of Control Strategies for Wheel-Fan Systems in High-Speed Air-Floating Vehicles Operating in Atmospheric Pressure Pipelines
No full textThis study explored the optimization of control systems for atmospheric pipeline air-floating vehicles traveling at ground level by introducing a novel composite wheel-fan system that integrates both wheels and fans. To evaluate the control impedance, the system simulates road conditions like inclines, uneven surfaces, and obstacles by using fixed, random, and high torque settings. The hub motor of the wheel fan is managed through three distinct algorithms: PID, fuzzy PID, and the backpropagation neural network (BP). Each algorithm’s control strategy is outlined, and tracking experiments were conducted across straight, circular, and curved trajectories. Analysis of these experiments supports a hybrid control approach: initiating with fuzzy PID, employing the PID algorithm on straight paths, and utilizing the BP neural network for sinusoidal and circular paths. The adaptive capacity of the BP neural network suggests its potential to eventually supplant the PID algorithm in straight path scenarios over extended testing and operation, ensuring improved control performance
VUV-UV-vis photoluminescence, X-ray radioluminescence and energy transfer dynamics of Ce<sup>3+</sup> and Eu<sup>2+</sup> in Sr<sub>2</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>
No full textCe3+ and Eu2+ doped and Ce3+-Eu2+ co-doped Sr2MgSi2O7 phosphors are prepared via a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. The synchrotron radiation vacuum ultraviolet-ultraviolet (VUV-UV) excitation and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) emission spectra of diluted Ce3+ and Eu2+ doped Sr2MgSi2O7 samples are measured at cryogenic temperatures. The electron-vibrational interaction (EVI) between Ce3+ and its surroundings is analyzed. The dependencies of the 4f-5d transitions of Ce3+ on the structure of the host compounds Sr2MgSi2O7, Ba2MgSi2O7 and BaMg2Si2O7 are discussed in detail. Then the thermal quenching channel is proposed based on the measurements of temperature dependent luminescence intensities and decay times of Ce3+ and Eu2+ in Sr2MgSi2O7, and the Ce3+ → Eu2+ energy transfer mechanism is understood by three luminescence dynamic models. In addition, Sr2MgSi2O7:Ce3+/Eu2+ samples are evaluated for the possibilities of X-ray detection applications using X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) spectroscopy, and it was found that they are not suitable.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.RST/Luminescence Material
Polar AUV Challenges and Applications: A Review
No full textThis study presents a comprehensive review of the development and progression of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in polar regions, aiming to synthesize past experiences and provide guidance for future advancements and applications. We extensively explore the history of notable polar AUV deployments worldwide, identifying and addressing the key technological challenges these vehicles face. These include advanced navigation techniques, strategic path planning, efficient obstacle avoidance, robust communication, stable energy supply, reliable launch and recovery, and thorough risk analysis. Furthermore, this study categorizes the typical capabilities and applications of AUVs in polar contexts, such as under-ice mapping and measurement, water sampling, ecological investigation, seafloor mapping, and surveillance networking. We also briefly highlight existing research gaps and potential future challenges in this evolving field
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