1,721,979 research outputs found
The Chicago consensus on sustainable food systems science
No full textAs participants at the Ecosystem Inception Meeting convened by the Global Dairy Platform and held in Chicago in June 2016, we have identified some concepts as central to the study of food systems science. Following the definition developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization for sustainable diets, the food supply needs to provide foods that are healthy and safe, affordable, culturally acceptable, and with low impact on the environment. Therefore, the four main domains of sustainable food systems science can be described as health, economics, society, and the environment. Food systems science needs to embrace and engage with all relevant allied disciplines that may include environmental health sciences, epidemiology, geography, history, sociology, anthropology, business, and political science. Research and training in food systems science, both domestic and international, would benefit from a set of competencies, from more extensive research networks, and from more public–private engagement. This document builds on major advances in the area of food system research, training, and practice, already achieved by individuals, institutions, foundations, and local and national governments.PRIFPRI3; UNFSSDG
Global trends and challenges to food and agriculture into the 21st Century
No full textPRIFPRI4; CRP2; Capacity Strengthening; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; G Cross-cutting gender theme; UNFSSMTID; DGO; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
HOW AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AFFECTS URBAN POVERTY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES? THE CASE OF CHINA
Full text linkThe objective of this paper is to analyze how agricultural research and development have affected urban poverty using China as an example. Agricultural research lower food prices, and therefore help urban poor by lowing their food cost.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,
Agricultural development: New perspectives in a changing world
No full textAgricultural Development: New Perspectives in a Changing World is the first comprehensive exploration of key emerging issues facing developing-country agriculture today, from rapid urbanization to rural transformation to climate change. In this four-part volume, top experts offer the latest research in the field of agricultural development. Using new lenses to examine today’s biggest challenges, contributors address topics such as nutrition and health, gender and household decision-making, agrifood value chains, natural resource management, and political economy. The book also covers most developing regions, providing a critical global perspective at a time when many pressing challenges extend beyond national borders. Tying all this together, Agricultural Development explores policy options and strategies for developing sustainable agriculture and reducing food insecurity and malnutrition.
The changing global landscape combined with new and better data, technologies, and understanding means that agriculture can and must contribute to a wider range of development outcomes than ever before, including reducing poverty, ensuring adequate nutrition, creating strong food value chains, improving environmental sustainability, and promoting gender equity and equality.
Agricultural Development: New Perspectives in a Changing World, with its unprecedented breadth and scope, will be an indispensable resource for the next generation of policymakers, researchers, and students dedicated to improving agriculture for global wellbeing.
This record also includes the synopsis: Otsuka, Keijiro, ed.; and Fan, Shenggen, ed. 2021. Agricultural development: New perspectives in a changing world: Synopsis. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/978089629385
Is there a tradeoff between nature reserves and grain production in China?
No full textChina is committed to increase its nature reserves (NRs) coverage up to 18% of its land by the end of 2035. Concerns associated with natural reserve expansion include local grain production restraint and its threat to national food security since agricultural activities are limited in designated natural reserve zones. Grain production has always been one of the top national priorities as it links to national food security. This paper uses an unbalanced panel data with 940 counties from 1989 to 2018 and time-varying difference-in-difference (DID) methodology to estimate the impact of National-level Nature Reserves (NNRs) on the local agricultural production. Our results find the NNR policy reduces the average grain production by 4.4% at the county level, and the impact is greater in high-yield areas. The mechanism analysis verifies the NNRs decrease both the grain yield and cultivated farmland area in the county with NNRs. To offset the trade-off effect between NRs and food security, we suggest productivity enhancement policy and careful NR demarcation should be promulgated to the counties that implement NR policy, especially in the early phase of the NRs and in the high-yield areas.http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809 National Natural Science Foundation of Chinahttp://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100005236 Chinese Universities Scientific Fun
EFFECTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORM ON PRODUCTION GROWTH IN CHINESE AGRICULTURE
Full text linkInternational Development,
INFRASTRUCTURE, OPENNESS, AND REGIONAL INEQUALITY IN INDIA
Full text linkThis paper aims to quantify the driving forces behind the observed divergence of Indian economy. The results show that in a closed economy with agriculture as the predominant mode of production, the comparative advantage is mainly determined by the difference in land quality and climate across regions within a country. However, when the economy opens its door to the rest of the world, a region's comparative advantage is evaluated in a broader global context. Therefore, regions adjacent to more developed economies, or with better infrastructure such as ports and airports, enjoy a far better location advantage for trade and development than landlocked regions. More investment in physical infrastructure such as roads will bring the interior regions closer to the world markets and reduce regional disparity. Among all the factors considered, education is the only equalizing factor to regional development.Community/Rural/Urban Development,
The importance of public investment for reducing rural poverty in middle-income countries
Full text linkThis study estimates the impacts of different types of government expenditure on agricultural growth and rural poverty in Thailand. The results show that, despite Thailand's middle-income status, public investments in agricultural R&D, irrigation, rural education, and infrastructure (including roads and electricity), still have positive marginal impacts on agricultural productivity growth and rural poverty reduction. Additional government spending on agricultural research and development improves agricultural productivity the most and has the second largest impact on rural poverty reduction. Investments in rural electrification reduce poverty the most and have the second largest growth impact. These two investments dominate all others and are win-win for growth and poverty reduction. Road expenditure has the third largest impact on rural poverty reduction, but only a modest and statistically insignificant impact on agricultural productivity. Government spending on rural education has only the fourth largest impact on poverty, but a significant economic impact through improved agricultural productivity. Irrigation investment has the smallest impact on both rural poverty reduction and productivity growth in agriculture. Additional investments in the Northeast region contribute more to reducing poverty than investments in other regions. This is because most of the poor are now concentrated in the Northeast and it has suffered from under investment in the past. The poverty reducing impacts of infrastructure investments, such as electricity and roads, are particularly high in this region. The growth impacts of many investments are also greatest in the Northeast than in other regions, hence there is no evident tradeoff between investments for growth and investments for poverty reduction. Thailand is a middle-income country and it is insightful to compare these results with similar studies undertaken in low-income countries like India, China, and Uganda. Some of the results are similar, for example, the high returns to public investments in agricultural research and some kinds of rural infrastructure arise in most countries because of the inherent market failures associated with these types of public goods. But others results are different. For example, the returns to public investment in education in Thailand are quite low, partly because of increasing private investment but also the inappropriate composition of much public spending on education. Within infrastructure, results from low-income countries often show higher returns to road investments than telecommunications and electricity. But in the case of Thailand, it is investment in electricity that shows the highest return. Thailand has invested heavily in rural roads and a dense road network has already been built, suggesting that additional investment may yield diminishing returns. Also, there has been significant investment by the private sector in rural telecommunication, leading to a much-reduced role for the public sector. This situation differs from many low-income countries, especially in Africa, where the private sector is still embryonic and the public sector must play a dominant investment role for the foreseeable future.
How China's WTO accession affects rural economy in the less-developed regions
Full text linkThis study constructs a regional CGE model of China to analyze the differential regional impacts of China's WTO accession on agricultural production, trade, and farmers' income. The results show that China's WTO accession will generally improve the total welfare but will widen existing gaps among regions and sectors. It is expected that the agricultural sector will suffer if only agricultural trade is liberalized, as cheap imports of agricultural products, particularly grains, will increase and domestic agricultural production and farmers' agricultural income will decline. Full trade liberalization, i.e., lifting trade barriers in both agriculture and non-agriculture will benefit farmers and agriculture at the national level. However, the increase in rural income is still smaller than the increase in urban income, which implies that the rural- urban income gap may be further widened. Furthermore, among the regions, the less-developed rural areas will benefit little or even suffer because their major production activities and income sources are still from agriculture, especially from traditional agricultural activities such as grain production.World Trade Organization. ,Agricultural productivity China. ,Farm income China. ,Trade liberalization China. ,
Demographic change, agriculture, and rural poverty
No full textPRIFPRI4; CRP2; Capacity Strengthening; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies; 5 Strengthening Institutions and Governance; G Cross-cutting gender theme; UNFSSMTID; DGO; DSGD; PIMCGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM
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