823 research outputs found
Testing for a cultural influence on reading for meaning in the developing brain: the neural basis of semantic processing in Chinese children
No full textFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to explore the neural correlates of semantic judgments in a group of 8- to 15-year-old Chinese children. Participants were asked to indicate if pairs of Chinese characters presented visually were related in meaning. The related pairs were arranged in a continuous variable according to association strength. Pairs of characters with weaker semantic association elicited greater activation in the mid ventral region (BA 45) of left inferior frontal gyrus, suggesting increased demands on the process of selecting appropriate semantic features. By contrast, characters with stronger semantic association elicited greater activation in left inferior parietal lobule (BA 39), suggesting stronger integration of highly related features. In addition, there was a developmental increase, similar to previously reported findings in English, in left posterior middle temporal gyrus (BA 21), suggesting that older children have more elaborated semantic representations. There were additional age-related increases in the posterior region of left inferior parietal lobule and in the ventral regions of left inferior frontal gyrus, suggesting that reading acquisition relies more on the mapping from orthography to semantics in Chinese children as compared to previously reported findings in English
Topology Optimization Method Research on Hollow Wide-chord Fan Blade of a High-bypass Turbofan Engine
No full textAbstractIn order to realize lightweight design of a high-bypass turbofan engine, topology optimization of vacuum structure on a wide-chord fan blade was carried out regarding mixed loading conditions as static strength, vibration and bird-strike. Without changing the leaf shape, relationship of performance indices on vacuum structure was analyzed with simplified mechanical model of loading conditions. Topology optimization designs were carried out according to the highly sensitive conditions. Vacuum structure layout of fan blade was constructed integrating the major load transfer paths in each design proposal. Performance indices of different fan blade structures were compared. Result shown that optimized fan blade can realize lightweight as well as meeting the strength design requirement
Cross-Ethnic Translation and Historiography: The Instances of Li Ang's "Rouged Sacrifice" and Lai Hsiang-yin's "The Translator"
No full text本文援用酒井直樹的翻譯門檻論和廖朝陽的翻譯倫理學，試圖從翻譯的角度出發，深入探討文化與政治上的強勢族群和弱勢族群之間的溝通和權力關係，以及弱勢族群、乃至於弱勢中的弱勢族群的歷史經驗之表述、再現與翻譯的問題。在強勢的國語文化下，弱勢族群以國語書寫其被壓抑抹煞的歷史經驗總已是跨族群的翻譯與歷史書寫。如何翻譯才能讓外省人以同理心理解而非曲解，乃至於引發其焦慮或打壓？而弱勢中的弱勢如何再現、翻譯其經驗？本文想要藉由討論李昂〈彩妝血祭〉和賴香吟〈翻譯者〉，探討跨族群翻譯與歷史書寫的問題。兩篇小說一篇處理二二八與白色恐怖，另一篇處理反對運動，都涉及了弱勢以及雙重弱勢的表述問題，以及可譯性與不可譯性的張力。In light of Naoki Sakai's theorizing of translation as liminality and Chaoyang Liao's theorizing of the ethics of translation, this paper looks into the power relationship between the culturally and politically powerful ethnic group and minorities as well as the translation of the historical experiences of ethnic minorities, especially minority women and homosexuals, in Taiwan. In Taiwan's mandarin culture under the colonial rule of Kuomintang, for ethnic minorities to write in mandarin about their historical experiences that had hitherto been officially suppressed and erased always entails cross-ethnic translation and historiography. How to translate their experiences in order for the mainlanders to empathize with rather than misunderstand them? How can minority women and homosexuals represent and translate their experiences? This paper uses the instances of Li Ang's novella “Tsai-chuang Hsieh-chi” (Rouged Sacrifice) and Lai Hsiang-yin's novella “Fan-yi Che” (The Translator) to analyze the issues involved in cross-ethnic translation and historiography. The two novellas, one dealing with the 2-2-8 massacre and the White Terror, the other the rise of the Opposition in the 1970s and 1980s, tackle the self-representation of ethnic minorities, particularly minority women and homosexuals, as well as the tension between translatability and untranslatability
Historiography and Hsiang-tu Imagination in Shih Shu-ching’s Walking Through Lo-chin
No full text本文試圖從歷史書寫與鄉土想像的角度閱讀施叔青的《行過洛津》。《行過洛津》以古城鹿港的興衰為背景，從漢人移民如何落地生根、與原住民相處開始，描寫兩三百年前清領時期鹿港不同階層、種族、性別的眾生相。《行過洛津》參雜大量史料，然而當許多歷史事跡、社會組織、文化形式、禮俗儀典早已被淡忘，甚至消失之際，旅居國外多年的施叔青究竟以什麼角度呈現兩三百年前的故鄉？本文認為《行過洛津》主要情節聚焦於孌童、纏足和閹割恐懼，似乎是藉由搭上九○年代以來性別議題熱潮來跨越時間的距離，但它產生了奇觀化的問題，同時它也銘刻了現在與過去的差異。由主要情節輻射出去的另一焦點，則是有關外來者與本地人、帝國與邊陲不同卻部分重疊的位置之描寫。這一部分則大致是以對位式書寫並置、對照兩種觀點，並呼應當今中國中心與台灣中心的角力和交涉。這兩個層面的歷史書寫有所重疊，且需放在小說將鄉土想像歷史化的視野來看。敘述者統攝洛津古今的視野構成本書核心的鄉土想像，在性別和國族議題之外，其聚焦於商港的興衰改寫了傳統鄉土小說以農漁村為主的意象。其對商業活動既認同又批判的態度隱含了對現代性的雙重視野，暗示現代性與台灣的複雜關係。This article studies the historiography and tsiang-tu (or homeland) imagination in Shih Shu-ching’s novel Walking Through Lo-chin. Set in the port-city Lu-gang two or three hundred years ago when Han immigrants settled down and interacted with the natives (including aborigines), the novel gives a panorama of local life by portraying people from different classes, races and genders. While the novel blends in a lot of historical material, it begs the question as to the perspective of the author—who has lived abroad for many years—in portraying the historical past of her hometown, when a lot of historical facts, social organizations, cultural forms and rituals have either been forgotten or simply vanished. That the main plot focuses on pederasty, foot-binding and castration fears seems to tap deliberately into the immense popularity of gender issues in order to bridge the time gap, yet it also makes a spectacle of them, thus inscribing the difference between past and present.
Another focus of the novel is the portrayal of the different but partially overlapping positions of visitors and natives, the metropolitan and the other. In what I call “contrapuntal historiography,” the juxtaposition and contrast of the two perspectives echoes the contestation and negotiation between China-centrism and Taiwan-centrism today. The two focuses of historiography should be put in the perspective of the historicizing of hsiang-tu imagination in the novel. The narrator’s vision of Lo-chin that encompasses its past and present constitutes the central hsiang-tu imagination of the novel. Apart from the issues of gender and national identity, the narrator focuses on the rise and fall of the port-city, a depiction that effectively rewrites the tradition of hsiang-tu imagination, given that traditional hsiang-tu fiction uses the village as its main image. The narrator’s ambivalent attitudes toward mercantile activities imply a double vision of modernity. By so doing, the novel suggests an intricate relationship between modernity and Taiwan
Progression of Aggregate Loss on Porous Asphalt
No full textPorous asphalt resides on most top layers of Dutch roads. Scheduling maintenance for these roads is generally dependent on several factors, but ravelling, the loss of aggregates in the top layers, is the main reason for maintenance on Dutch roads. With the recent framework of the DOS-LCMS scheme generating values for aggregate loss in percentages, a prediction for the remaining lifetime of a road section surfaced with porous asphalt with respect to ravelling can be performed. The lifespan for porous asphalt layers is dependent on the most suffered 25% of the section on the respective 100 meter length. The current threshold is set at 10%, implying that road sections of 100 meter need maintenance if more than 25% of the road (75th percentile) measures aggregate loss over 10%. The present work approximates these 75th percentiles throughout the years using parametric and non-parametric approaches, whereafter the estimates of the 75th percentiles are used to construct smooth monotonic increasing convex curves. These curves, which are in fact functions built on P-splines, are then used to perform extrapolation and hence predict the dates on which the threshold is going to be surpassed. The study reveals problems in the raw data which is particularly prominent in the sequence of 75th percentiles, frequently showing a lack of monotonicity and convexity. Putting the monotonicity and convexity constraints on a more granular level were found to be helpful for the predictions and improved the consistency of lifetime predictions over consecutive years.Applied Mathematic
Highspeed Train Station and Masterplan Entrecampos International
No full textDesign for a new highspeed train station in Entrecampos, Lisbon and a masterplan for the surroundings.Hybrid BuildingsArchitectureArchitectur
On the influences of personality traits on employees engagement with gamified enterprise tools
No full textGamification techniques are used in enterprises to support employees' engagement with computer-mediated business processes. The potential effectiveness of the incentives brought by gamification techniques are, however, not equally appealing to individuals. To better understand when gamification can be an effective engagement aid, it is important to study how individual differences (personal or character-related) of employees relate with the effectiveness of game mechanics applied to enterprise-class computer tools. Personality is a property of an individual that is known to influence, among others, task performance, learning styles, and gaming preferences. Despite the existence of an abundant body of research, the relationship between the effectiveness of game mechanics in an enterprise setting and the personality of employees is yet to be fully understood. This thesis contributes new knowledge on the matter, by studying the influence of personality traits and gender stereotypes on the behavior of 177 IBM employees that participated in an experiment on gamified learning and social experience. We engaged with the employees of IBM Netherlands and performed a personality trait and gender stereotype inventory by means of a questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire supported our investigation on the descriptive power of personality traits in explaining the differences in participation and engagement in the targeted population. Finally, we validated the effectiveness of state-of-the-art techniques for automated personality assessment, to assess the possibility of developing large-scale experiments on the effect personality traits without the need for questionnaires.Master of Computer ScienceWeb Information SystemsElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Inosperma subsphaerosporum Y. G. Fan, L. S. Deng, W. J. Yu & L. Y. Liu 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Inosperma subsphaerosporum</i> Y.G. Fan, L.S. Deng, W.J. Yu & L.Y. Liu <i>sp</i>. <i>nov</i>. Figs.2–4 <p>MycoBank: MB838448</p> <p> Etymology: The specific epithet “ <i>subsphaerosporum</i> ” refers to the shape of basidiospores.</p> <p> Diagnosis: Differs from <i>I. carnosibulbosum</i> by having more globose basidiospores and clavate to cylindricalclavate cheilocystidia.</p> <p> Type:— CHINA. Hainan Province: Ledong Li Autonomous County, Yinggeling substation of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, 18°53ʹ27.21′′N, 109°19ʹ36.87′′E, elev. 400 m, 13 July 2020, L.-Y. Liu & Y.-G. Fan, <i>FYG5848</i>, FHMU3153 (holotype), GenBank nos.: MT 072898 (ITS), MT 071203 (LSU), MT 076849 (<i>rpb</i> 2).</p> <p> Description:— <i>Basidiomata</i> medium-sized. <i>Pileus</i> conical when young, then convex to umbonate-convex, finally plano-convex to applanate with a subacute or occasionally obtuse umbo; margin initially incurved and then decurved for a long time, never straight; surface dry, initially smooth with a thin whitish veil layer around the disc, becoming appressed-scaly with radial patches of veil remnants, fibrillose-rimulose elsewhere, margin rimose to strongly split in age; yellowish brown (6C6) to chocolate brown (6E6) around the center, yellowish white (5A4) to beige (5A2) towards margin; uniformly brownish yellow (4A4) to goldish yellow (4A7) when overmatured. <i>Lamellae</i> crowded, adnexed, alternating with several tiers of lamellula, 2–4 (6) mm wide, dirty-white (5A1) or beige (5A2) at first, then grayish white (6B1) to brownish gray (6C2), brownish yellow (6B4) to brown (6D6) in age; edge pallid (5A1), fimbricate to finely serrate. <i>Stipe</i> 55–115 × 6–10 (12) mm, terete, equal at upper half with a slightly swollen apex, thicker downwards with a swollen base; recurved squamulose at the apex, longitudinally fibrillose with sparse protruding fibrils downwards, base pure white (6A1) with tomentose hyphae; ivory white (7A1) to grayish white (6B1), background brownish or pinkish beneath the cuticle. <i>Context</i> solid, fleshy in pileus, ivory white, with brownish (5C6) tinge under the umbo, becoming brownish (5D8) with age, 4–8 mm thick at the center, 2–3 mm thick at mid-radius; fibrillose and striate in the stipe, lightly brownish or pinkish (6B8). <i>Odor</i> slightly salty or mild.</p> <p> <i>Basidiospores</i> [115/5/3] (5–) 6–7.5(–8) × 5–6(–6.5) μm, Q = 1.00–1.27 (–1.30), Q m = 1.13, subglobose to globose, occasionally broadly ellipsoid, smooth, yellowish or tan, indistinct small apiculus, inner with a large circular yellow oil-droplet. <i>Basidia</i> 26–31 × 7–8 μm, clavate to broadly clavate, occasionally obtuse at the apex and slightly tapering at the base, 4-spored, sterigmata 3–4.5 μm in length, hyaline to yellowish, with one or more bright yellow, oily inclusions when mature. <i>Pleurocystidia</i> absent. <i>Cheilocystidia</i> 27–50 × 8–11 μm, abundant, versiform, clavate, cylindricalclavate or occasionally broadly clavate to fusiform, often with obtuse apex, or narrowly tapered into capitate or subcapitate at the apex, septate and often constricted at septa, mostly thin-walled, some with walls up to 1 μm thick at the apex or towards the middle, colorless, at times with yellow intracellular contents. <i>Hymenophoral trama</i> 43–77 μm thick, regular to sub-regular, colorless to slightly yellowish, composed of cylindric to inflated hyphae 19–32 μm wide. <i>Pileipellis</i> a cutis, goldish yellow or tan, composed of sub-regular, thin-walled, yellowish, cylindrical hyphae, 7–10 μm wide, slightly encrusted. <i>Stipitipellis</i> regularly arranged, yellowish, disrupted with entangled, extended hyphae, 4–10 μm wide, terminal elements usually inflated to cheilocystidoid cells 39–62 × 10–21 μm, clavate to elongate or broadly clavate, hyaline, obtuse at the apex, occasionally capitate at the apex, thin-walled. <i>Oleiferous hyphae</i> 5–10 μm wide, present in pileus and stipe trama, yellow or bright yellow, smooth, bent, diverticulate, occasionally branched. <i>Clamp connections</i> present, common in all tissues.</p> <p>Habitat: gregarious in small groups or scattered along roadsides under fagaceous trees.</p> <p>Distribution: Known only from the type locality in Hainan Province, China.</p> <p> Additional specimen examined: CHINA. Hainan Province, Ledong Li Autonomous County, Yinggeling substation of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Forest Park, 18°53ʹ27.21′′N, 109°19ʹ36.87′′E, elev. 400 m, 13 Jul. 2020, under fagaceous trees, L.-Y. Liu & N.-K. Zeng, <i>FYG5846</i> (FMHU 3155), Y.-G. Fan & L.-S. Deng, <i>FYG5847</i> (FMHU 3154).</p>Published as part of <i>Deng, Lun-Sha, Yu, Wen-Jie, Zeng, Nian-Kai, Liu, Li-Jie, Liu, Li-Yue & Fan, Yu-Guang, 2021, Inosperma subsphaerosporum (Inocybaceae), a new species from Hainan, tropical China, pp. 169-178 in Phytotaxa 502 (2)</i> on pages 172-176, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.502.2.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5425027">http://zenodo.org/record/5425027</a>
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