9 research outputs found
Inheritance and genetic mapping of fatty acids in soybean seed oil
No full textThe usage and value of soybean [('Glycine max' (L.) Merrill] oil is affected by its fatty acid profile. The objectives of this study were to: (1) characterize the inheritance of the altered fatty acid levels in the soybean lines developed at the University of Guelph; (2) investigate the environmental effects on the performance of RILs developed from crosses among the se lines and analyze the relationships among fatty acid contents, seed quality and agronomic traits; (3) map QTLs for altered fatty acid levels and investigate QTLxenvironment interactions. The inheritance study indicated that palmitic acid segregation involved two loci, 'Fap1' had an additive genetic effect and 'Fapx' exhibited partial dominance. Stearic acid segregated at the 'Fas' locus with a dominant genetic effect. Linolenic acid segregated at the 'Fan' locus with an additive genetic effect. Combined analysis of variance indicated that entry * environment interaction effects were significant for all traits. Year effects were larger than location effects for palmitate, stearate, and oleate contents, whereas location effects were greater than year effects for all other traits including linoleate, linolenate, protein, and oil contents, plant height, lodging, maturity and yield. The climatic data indicated that the minimum daily temperature rather than the mean and maximum was the most important factor affecting the unsaturated fatty acid levels. Trait correlations varied upon the population, generations and growing environment. There was a general lack of correlations between the fatty acid composition and agronomic traits. Both the 'Fas' and 'Fan' loci were mapped to LG B2 at a 21 cM distance in between. Markers located at 'Fas' and 'Fan' locus explained over 70% and 80%, respectively, of the phenotypic variation for stearic acid and linolenic acid levels. The elevated stearic acid level conferred by 'Fas' locus was most likely to be the result of reduced activity of stearoyl-ACP desaturase which catalyzes the reaction form stearic acid to oleic acid in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Molecular markers with high R2 values, or the QTLs with high LOD scores were more likely to be detected in multiple environments. No consistent segregation distortion pattern for markers was detected between the two mapping populations used in this study
Prescription vs Description: An Empirical Approach to the Study of Rhyming Practices and Language Change through the Poetry of the Tang and the Song
No full text<p>This dataset contains the poems of the Quan Tang Shi 全唐詩 and Quan Song Shi 全宋詩, as found in the https://github.com/chinese-poetry/ repository. In addition to their original id/author/title/paragraphs, two extra fields per poem are provided: guangyun_annotation, which indicates the rhyming paragraphs according to the Guangyun (incl. interchangeability 通用 rules), and community_annotation, which indicates the rhyming paragraphs according to an annotator that uses detected rhyme communities to attribute a rhyme judgement.</p>
Descriptive study of relationship between cardio-ankle vascular index and biomarkers in vascular-related diseases
No full textBackground: Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was supposed to be an independent predictor for vascular-related events. Biomarkers such as homocysteine (Hcy), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and urine albumin(microalbumin) (UAE) have involved the pathophysiological development of arteriosclerosis. The present study was to investigate relationship between CAVI and biomarkers in vascular-related diseases. Methods: A total of 656 subjects (M/F 272/384) from department of Vascular Medicine were enrolled into our study. They were divided into four groups according to the numbers of suffered diseases, healthy group (group 0: subjects without diseases of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD); n = 186), group 1 (with one of diseases of hypertension, CHD, DM; n = 237), group 2 (with two of diseases of hypertension, CHD, DM; n = 174), and group 3 (with all diseases of hypertension, CHD, DM; n = 59). CAVI was measured by VS-1000 apparatus. Results: CAVI was increasing with increasing numbers of suffered vascular-related diseases. Similar results were found in the parameters of biomarkers such as Hcy, log NT-ProBNP, and log UAE. There were positive correlation between log NT-proBNP, Hcy, log UAE, and CAVI in the entire study group and nonhealthy group. Positive correlation between log UAE and CAVI were found in the entire study group after adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, uric acid, and lipids. Multivariate analysis showed that log UAE was an independent associating factor of CAVI in all subjects. Conclusions: CAVI was significantly higher in subjects with hypertension, CHD, and DM. There was correlation between arterial stiffness and biomarkers such as NT-proBNP, Hcy, and UAE.Capital Health Research and Development of Special [2011-4026-02]; hospital fund of Peking University Shougang Hospital [2010-Y002, 2014-Hospital-Clinical-02]; Jinbo Liu [2012Y04]; Shougang Keji Fund [2013 Keguan 20-1]; Seeding Grant for Medicine and Engineering Sciences of Peking University [2014-ME-07]SCI(E)ARTICLE5468-4723
Influence of in-situ deposited SiNx interlayer on crystal quality of GaN epitaxial films
No full text
A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms
Get PDFWe describe a genetic variation map for the chicken genome containing 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This map is based on a comparison of the sequences of three domestic chicken breeds (a broiler, a layer and a Chinese silkie) with that of their wild ancestor, red jungle fowl. Subsequent experiments indicate that at least 90% of the variant sites are true SNPs, and at least 70% are common SNPs that segregate in many domestic breeds. Mean nucleotide diversity is about five SNPs per kilobase for almost every possible comparison between red jungle fowl and domestic lines, between two different domestic lines, and within domestic lines--in contrast to the notion that domestic animals are highly inbred relative to their wild ancestors. In fact, most of the SNPs originated before domestication, and there is little evidence of selective sweeps for adaptive alleles on length scales greater than 100 kilobases
Discussion on the development trend of inorganic nonmetallic material industry
Get PDFIn the new era, social and economic development has led to the transformation and development of high-tech industries, and
many new scientifi c and technological products have emerged. The development of various industries cannot be separated from the support
of new materials. This paper describes the development of inorganic non-metallic materials, the main classifi cation, analysis of the current
development and application situation, combined with the development of inorganic non-metallic materials in the problems, to explore the
future development trend
Thiallela ligeralis Walker 1863
No full textThiallela ligeralis Walker, 1863 (FIGS. 1, 3, 6¯8, 10, 14) Myelois ligeralis Walker, 1863: 37. TL: Sri Lanka. TD: BMNH. Thiallela signifera Walker, 1863: 120. TL: Borneo. TD: BMNH. As synonym of Thiallela ligeralis (Walker) by Roesler & Küppers, 1981: 72. Luconia pallidobasella Ragonot, 1888: 7; Ragonot, 1893: 1. TL: Borneo. TD: BMNH. As synonym of Thiallela signifera Walker by Hampson, 1896: 106. As synonym of Thiallela ligeralis (Walker) by Roesler & Küppers, 1981: 72. Acrobasis ligeralis: Ragonot, 1893: 95. Rhodophaea ligeralis: Hampson, 1896: 99. Thiallela ligeralis: Roesler & Küppers 1981: 72; Roesler, 1983: 95. Redescription. WINGSPAN 20.5¯24.0 MM (N = 21) (FIG. 3). VeRTeX AND FRONS SILVeR-WHITe TO YeLLOWISH WHITe. ANTeNNA YeLLOWISH WHITe ALTeRNATeD WITH bROWN, MALe FLAGeLLUM SIMPLe, bASAL SeGMeNTS NOT DILATeD, WITHOUT NOTCH, WITH CILIA AbOUT SAMe LeNGTH AS DIAMeTeR OF FLAGeLLUM. LAbIAL PALPUS ReDDISH bROWN MIXeD WITH YeLLOWISH WHITe; THIRD SeGMeNT AbOUT HALF LeNGTH OF SeCOND SeGMeNT. OCCIPUT, PATAGIUM, TeGULA AND THORAX PALe WHITe TINGeD WITH GRAYISH GReeN, WITH SPARSe ReDDISH bROWN AND DARK bROWN SCALeS. FOReWING WITH bASAL MAjORITY ReGION PALe GRAYISH bROWN TO GRAYISH GReeN, WITH A FeW bLACK SCALeS NeAR bASe, DIFFUSeD LOTS OF GRAYISH WHITe SCALeS NeAR ANTeMeDIAL LINe, WITH AN ObSCURe, ARCHeD, SUbTRIANGULAR, RUSTY bROWN PATCH INWARDLY ADjACeNT TO ANTeMeDIAL LINe; CeNTRAL ReGION YeLLOWISH bROWN TO GRAYISH GReeN NeAR ANTeMeDIAL LINe, GRAYISH WHITe SUFFUSeD WITH ReDDISH bROWN NeAR POSTMeDIAL LINe; DISTAL ReGION GRAYISH WHITe, SUFFUSeD WITH ReDDISH bROWN, bROWNISH FUSCOUS ALONG VeINS; ANTeMeDIAL LINe beYOND MIDDLe OF FOReWING, DISTINCT, ARCHeD, bLACK, INWARDLY eDGeD WITH AN INDISTINCT GRAYISH WHITe LINe; POSTMeDIAL LINe AT DISTAL 1 /6 OF FOReWING, DISTINCT, ARCUATe, SLIGHTLY CONCAVe AT M1 AND CUA2, bLACK, eDGeD OUTWARDLY WITH AN ObSCURe WHITe LINe, AND A RUSTY bROWN SHADe ADjACeNT TO WHITe LINe FROM M1 TO DORSUM; DISCAL SPOTS FUSeD, CReSCeNT, ReDDISH bROWN; TeRMINAL LINe RUSTY bROWN; CILIA bROWN. HINDWING SeMITRANSPAReNT, PALe GRAY, FUSCOUS ALONG VeINS AND TeRMeN; CILIA LIGHT bROWN. LeGS GRAYISH WHITe MIXeD WITH RUSTY ReD, TARSUS bLACKISH bROWN AT bASe, WHITe AT eND. Male genitalia (FIG. 10). UNCUS HOODLIKe, SLIGHTLY bROADeR THAN LONG, ROUNDeD AT APeX, SeTOSe IN DISTAL HALF ON DORSAL SURFACe. APICAL PROCeSS OF GNATHOS AbOUT 3/4 LeNGTH OF UNCUS, bROAD AT bASe, TAPeReD TO 2/3, SLeNDeR AND HOOKeD IN DISTAL 1/3. TRANSTILLA WITH TeRMINAL PART FUSeD INTO A WeLL SCLeROTIZeD SADDLe-SHAPeD PLATe, WITH A PAIR OF ROUNDeD POSTeROLATeRAL PROCeSSeS. VALVA GRADUALLY bROADeNeD TO ROUNDeD APeX; COSTA A NARROWeD bAND, eXTeNDING TO eND OF VALVA, NeARLY eqUAL WIDTH eXCePT SLIGHTLY TAPeReD DISTALLY; SACCULUS 3/5 LeNGTH OF VALVA, TRIANGULAR, bROAD AT bASe, TAPeReD TO A DISSOCIATeD, POINTeD APeX; CLASPeR NARROW, eLONGATe, SLIGHTLY SINUATe, ARISING FROM bASe OF COSTA ObLIqUe OUTWARDLY TO DISTAL 1/3 OF POSTeRIOR MARGIN, beYOND eND OF SACCULUS, WITH A TRIANGULAR FLAP AT bASe, beARING SPAReS SeTAe. JUXTA V-SHAPeD, LATeRAL LObeS WeLL DeVeLOPeD, AbOUT 3/4 LeNGTH OF APICAL PROCeSS OF GNATHOS, FINGeRLIKe, SLIGHTLY TWISTeD, SWOLLeN bASALLY, WITH A FeW SeTAe APICALLY. VINCULUM V-SHAPeD, LeNGTH SLIGHTLY SHORTeR THAN TRANSVeRSe POSTeRIOR MARGIN. AeDeAGUS CYLINDRICAL, 3/4 LeNGTH OF VALVA; WITH TWO CLUbbeD CORNUTI: ONe AbOUT HALF LeNGTH OF AeDeAGUS, ITS DISTAL PART SLIGHTLY beNT, PROTRUDeD, FORMING TWO MINUTe TINeS, ONe SLIGHTLY SHORTeR, DeNTATe ON DISTAL MARGIN. EIGHTH AbDOMINAL TeRGITe FAN-SHAPeD; eIGHTH AbDOMINAL STeRNITe TRIANGULAR, ASSOCIATeD WITH A PAIR OF CULCITA. Female genitalia (FIG. 14). PAPILLAe ANALIS SeMIeLLIPTICAL, WITH VeSTURe OF LONG, THIN HAIRS. APOPHYSIS POSTeRIORIS SLIGHT SLeNDeR AND SHORTeR THAN ANTeRIORIS. EIGHTH AbDOMINAL SeGMeNT SHORT AND bROAD, TeRGITe V-SHAPeD CONCAVe ON POSTeRIOR MARGIN; A LIP-LIKe SCLeRITe POSTeRIOR TO eIGHTH AbDOMINAL SeGMeNT. ANTRUM WeLL DeVeLOPeD, TRAPeZOIDAL, POSTeRIOR MARGIN AbOUT 1.5 TIMeS AS WIDe AS ANTeRIOR MARGIN, WITH A PAIR OF CALAbASH-SHAPeD HeAVILY SCLeROTIZeD AReA ON LATeRAL SIDeS. DUCTUS bURSAe MeMbRANOUS, AbOUT SAMe LeNGTH AS ANTRUM, PUNCTATe ON INNeR WALL. CORPUS bURSAe MeMbRANOUS, OVATe, 1.6 TIMeS AS LONG AS WIDe, WITH A qUADRATe PLATe NeAR jUNCTION WITH DUCTUS bURSAe, AND A qUADRATe AReA DeCORATeD WITH COARSe SCObINATIONS; SIGNUM A STRONG beNDING HORN ON A bROAD bASe, SITUATeD AT AbOUT MIDDLe OF DUCTUS bURSAe, PUNCTATe AROUND. DUCTUS SeMINALIS INCePTeD POSTeRIOR MARGIN OF CORPUS bURSAe, SAMe SIDe WITH SIGNUM. Material examined. CHINA: Hainan: 1 ♀, WUZHISHAN (18°46'N 109°31'E), 740 M, 14.IV.2009, COLL. QING JIN & BINGbING HU (NKUM); 1 ♂, MT. DIAOLUO (18°39'N 109°54'E), LINGSHUI, 980 M, 24.IV.2014, COLL. TeNGTeNG LIU, WeI GUAN & XUeMeI HU, GeN. SLIDe NO. LHX14112 (NKUM); 1 ♂, MT. JIANFeNG (18°43'N 108°53'E), LeDONG, 1050 M, 27.IV.2014, COLL. TeNGTeNG LIU, WeI GUAN & XUeMeI HU, GeN. SLIDe NO. RYD2014211 (NKUM); 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, MT. JIANFeNG, 960 M, 13-15.IV.2013, COLL. YINGDANG ReN & XIAOGUANG LIU, GeN. SLIDe NOS RYD014212M, RYD2014213f (HAASM); 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, MT. DIAOLUO, 900 M, 9.IV.2013, COLL. YINGDANG ReN & XIAOGUANG LIU, GeN. SLIDe NOS RYD2014214M, RYD2014215F (HAASM). Yunnan: 1 ♀, SIMAO (22°48'N 100°58'E), 1320 M, 24.IV.1995, COLL. GUANGYUN YAN, GeN. SLIDe NO. RYD04739 (NKUM); 1 ♀, RARe BOTANICAL GARDeN (24°00΄N 97°51΄E), RUILI, 1000 M, 06.VIII.2005, COLL. YINGDANG ReN, GeN. SLIDe NO. LHX14111 (NKUM); 2 ♂♂, TAIYANGHe (22°40'N 101°01'E), 1450 M, 18.V, 11.VI.2014, COLL. ZHeNGUO ZHANG, GeN. SLIDe NO. YLL15180 (NKUM); 1 ♂, NATIONAL FOReST PARK, TAIYANGHe, 1450 M, 6.VII.2015, COLL. KAIjIAN TeNG, GeN. SLIDe NO. YLL15179 (NKUM). Distribution: CHINA (HAINAN, YUNNAN), ASSAM, SRI LANKA, BURMA, MALAYSIA, BORNeO, SUMATRA, NeW GUINeA, AUSTRALIA, FIjI. Notes. Thiallela ligeralis IS ReCORDeD FOR THe FIRST TIMe FROM CHINA. We CHeCKeD TYPeS OF ligeralis (FIG. 6), signifera (FIG. 7) AND pallidobasella (FIG. 8) DePOSITeD IN BMNH UNDeR THe HeLP OF MR. DAVID Lee. DeSPITe THe SLIGHTLY DAMAGeD WING PATTeRN, We CAN STILL ReCOGNIZe THAT THeSe SPeCIMeNS RePReSeNT THe SAMe SPeCIeS, SO We AGRee WITH ROeSLeR & KüPPeRS’S VIeW (1981) THAT signifera AND pallidobasella ARe SYNONYMS OF ligeralis. THe CHINeSe SPeCIMeNS ARe DARKeR IN COLOR THAN THeSe TYPeS, AND SUFFUSeD WITH MORe GRAYISH GReeN SCALeS IN bASAL HALF, bUT THe GeNITALIA CHARACTeRS ARe IDeNTICAL WITH T. ligeralis STATeD AND DRAWN bY ROeSLeR & KüPPeRS (1981, FIGS. 55.120).Published as part of Yang, Linlin & Ren, Yingdang, 2018, Two new species, one unrecorded species, and one newly reported male of genus Thiallela Walker, 1863 from China (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae), pp. 436-450 in Zootaxa 4387 (3) on pages 441-447, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/118764
A Cross-linguistic Phonological Study on Modern Sino-Korean and Suzhou dialect of Chinese Wu-dialects
No full text한(韓)•중(中) 양국은 1992년 8월 24일부터 공식 외교관계 수립 이후 정치, 문화, 경제 등에서 다변화된 발전을 경험해 왔다. 수교 이후 많은 한국 기업들이 중국 동남쪽에 있는 상해를 중심으로 경제가 발달한 장강삼각주(長江三角洲) 지역에 관심을 돌렸다. 따라서 이 지역에 한국 기업들이 점점 많아지고 의사소통 수간으로 한국어의 중요성은 증가해 왔다. 특히 2000년 이래로, 장강삼각주 경제권역에 있는 대학교는 우후죽순(雨後竹筍)처럼 한국어 학과를 설립하고 한국어 교육을 활발하게 진행하고 있다.
상해를 중심으로 한 중국 장강삼각주 지역에 살고 있는 젊은 층 거주자들은 대부분 다 오(吳)방언을 말할 수 있고 중국 표준어인 보통화(普通話)도 할 수 있는 화자들이다. 그래서 한국어를 습득할 때 분명히 모국어인 오방언과 중국 보통화의 간섭을 다 받을 수 있는 있다. 지금까지 중국인 학습자를 위하여 중국 보통화와 한국어의 음성음운적인 대비를 많이 하였지만 한국어와 중국 방언간의 대비 연구가 많지 않았다. 그래서 한국어 학습자가 언어를 좀 더 효과적으로 학습할 수 있도록 한국어와 오방언의 음성음운 분야에서 어떤 관계가 있는지를 규명해야 될 필요가 있다.
주지하는 바와 같이 오늘날에 이르러 한국어 단어의 64% 이상이 한자어로 이루어져 있다. 한국어가 중국의 한자를 차용함에 있어 기본적인 변화 없이 전해져 내려왔으며 이것은 중국어권 학습자가 한국어를 학습하는 데 유리한 조건이 되고 있다. 오방언권 한국어 학습자를 위하여 대비 언어학의 원리로 한국 한자음과 오방언 한자음을 서로 대비를 하면서 음성음운적인 공통점과 차이점을 찾고자 한다. 본고는 앞으로 한국어와 중국어 각 방언간의 대조 언어학 연구를 촉진되길 바라는 간접적인 목적과, 오방언 화자로서 한국 한자음과 오방언의 음운적인 관계를 규명해보자는 직접적인 목적 하에 구상되었다.
본고는 현대 한국 표준어의 한자음과 오방언 지역에 대표적인 소주음을 중심으로 두 언어간의 성모와 운모를 비교하였다. 이에 대해 뚜렷한 대응관계가 있는 중국의 중고 한자음을 기준으로 공시적과 통시적으로 대비를 바탕으로 대비 언어학적인 관점에서 살펴보았다.
중국 중고 한자음에 대해서는 중고시기 재구음 『한자고음수책(漢字古音手冊, 1986)』에 나와 있는 『광운(廣韻)』의 국제음성기호 표기를 기준으로 한국 한자음과 오방언 소주음에서 통용하는 한자들 『한어방음자휘(漢語方音字彙, 2003)』 약 3000개의 발음을 정리하고, 그들의 성모를 대상으로 한국 한자음과 오방언 소주음이 어떻게 비슷한지 혹은 어떻게 다른지를 살펴보았다. 한자음을 정확하게 대비하기 위해서는 본고에 성모체계와 운모체계를 전면적으로 포괄하고 대비를 진행하였다.
Ⅰ장에서는 먼저 본고의 연구 동기와 목적, 한국 한자음과 오방언에 관한 선행연구를 재검토하고, 연구 분야와 대상, 연구 방법과 절차를 살펴보았다.
Ⅱ장에서는 본론을 시작하기 전에 현대 한국 한자음과 오방언 소주음의 성모 체계에 대해서 간단하게 살펴본 후에 중국 중고음 성모의 분류에 의하여 순음(脣音), 설음(舌音), 아음(牙音), 치음(齒音), 후음(喉音)으로 나누고 이 기준으로 하여 공시적 및 통시적으로 현대 한국 한자음과 현대 오방언 소주음의 성모를 대비, 분석하여 대응관계를 찾고 공통점과 차이점을 살펴보았다.
Ⅲ장에서는 먼저 현대 한국 한자음과 오방언의 운모 체계에 대해서 간단하게 설명한 후에 중국 중고음 운모 16섭의 분류에 따라서 통성(通攝), 강섭(江攝), 지섭(止攝), 우섭(遇攝), 해섭(蟹攝), 진섭(臻攝), 산섭(山攝), 효섭(效攝), 과섭(果攝), 가섭(假攝), 탕섭(宕攝), 경섭(梗攝), 증섭(曾攝), 류섭(流攝), 심섭(深攝), 함섭(咸攝)으로 나누고 이를 기준으로 하여 공시적 및 통시적으로 현대 한국 한자음과 현대 오방언 소주음의 운모 체계를 대비 분석하여 대응관계를 찾고 공통점과 차이점을 살펴보았다.
마자막 Ⅳ장에서는 앞에서 한국 한자음, 중국 오방언 소주음의 성모, 운모에 대하여 종합적으로 정리하고 이들 간의 관계를 결론 짓고 또 본고의 한계성과 미래의 연구 방향을 논의하였다.
본고는 자료의 방대함으로 인하여 연구의 편의상 먼저 한자음의 성모와 운모를 분리하여 그 상관성을 정리하였다. 하지만 향후 연구에서 음절관계나 성모와 운모의 선호 현상, 성조 억양 차이 등을 고려하여 종합적인 고찰과 세밀한 분석을 한다면 한국 한자음와 오방언 소주음 양자간의 상관성을 이해하는 더 좋은 자료가 될 것이다. 본 연구가 한국어를 전공으로 택한 오방언권 학생들이나 한국어와 오방언에 관심을 가지고 취미로 배우고 있는 사람들에게 발음 학습에 있어서 조금이나마 도움이 되었으면 하는 바람이다. 오방언권 한국어 학습자를 위한 한국어 교육 영역에 대해 더 많은 관심을 기울이고 연구를 진행하면 유익하리라 생각한다.;The relations between South Korea and China have changed a lot in the political, cultural, economic and other various fields since the establishment of diplomatic relations on August 24th, 1992. Many Korean companies have been attracted by the more developed Yangtze River Delta area where Shanghai plays a central and leading role in economy. As a result the Korean language is becoming more and more popular as a communication tool and those human resources who can master it have become a new market demand. Since 2000, many universities in the Delta area have started to rapidly build Korean departments, like bamboo shoots after a spring rain, and learning Korean as a second language has become very popular.
Nowadays the majority of young people who are from the Yangtze River Delta area are bilinguals who not only can speak their mother tongue Wu-dialects, but also can speak Chinese Mandarin. So it is predictable that those Koreans learners will get interference both from the Wu-dialects and Chinese Mandarin. It is therefore necessary to do cross-linguistic phonological studies on these languages and find the correlations between them as a goal for learning Korean more effectively.
More than 64% of Modern Korean words are Sino-Korean. These words have been handed down from generation to generation without too many fundamental changes from Chinese. It would be beneficial to do a cross-linguistic study to seek the similarities and differences between Sino-Korean and Chinese pronunciations in the Wu-dialects. It is the author’s indirect purpose to promote the development of cross-linguistic studies with Korean and different Chinese dialects. As a Wu-dialect speaker, it is the author’s direct purpose of this thesis to find some relation between these two languages.
This thesis is a cross-linguistic phonological study of Sino-Korean modern Korean speakers with Suzhou dialect speakers that embody the typical examples of the Wu-dialects area who use the Middle Chinese pronunciation as a standard to seek the relations between them.) It also combined synchronic and diachronic studies by utilizing the theories of phonetics, phonology and contrastive linguistics.
This thesis used all IPA tags of Middle Chinese from &lt;Hanzi Guyin Shouce&gt; (漢字古音手冊, Handbook of old Chinese characters pronunciations, 1986) which is based on the archaic Chinese Phonology at &lt;Guangwun&gt;(광운, 廣韻, Guangyun). It collected about 3000 Chinese characters’ different pronunciations of Sino-Koreans and the Suzhou dialect of Wu-dialects from &lt;HanYu Fangyin Zihui&gt;(漢語方音字彙, 한어방음자휘, 2003) to clearly contrast and compare with their initials and finals to find some similarities and differences between them.
Chapter I discusses the motivation and purpose of the thesis, reviews previous studies on Sino-Korean and Chinese Wu-dialects and states the target areas, research methods and procedures of the thesis.)
Chapter II introduces the phonological initial systems of modern Sino-Korean and the Suzhou dialect. Then it synchronically and diachronically compares and analyzes the relations between them which is the basis of classifications of Middle Chinese initials by different places of articulation to look for similarities and differences separately. Those initials are classified as labials (脣音), linguals (舌音), velars (牙音), dentals (齒音) and glottal (喉音).
Chapter Ⅲ introduces the phonological final systems of Modern Sino-Korean and the Suzhou dialect of Wu-dialects in brief. The basis of the comparison between them are sixteen Shes (攝, 섭) of Middle Chinese final classifications which are Tongshe (通攝, 통성), Jiangshe (江攝, 강섭), Zhishe (止攝, 지섭), Yushe (遇攝, 우섭), Xieshe (蟹攝, 해섭), Zhenshe (臻攝, 진섭), Shanshe (山攝, 산섭), Xiaoshe (效攝, 효섭), Guoshe (果攝, 과섭), Jiashe (假攝, 가섭), Dangshe (宕攝, 탕섭), Gengshe (梗攝, 경섭), Zengshe (曾攝, 증섭), Liushe (流攝, 류섭), Shenshe (深攝, 심섭) and Xianshe (咸攝, 함섭) respectively. It also synchronically and diachronically compares and analyzes the relations between them separately to look for similarities and differences as a purpose.
Chapter Ⅳ organizes the discussion. Included is the comparison and contrast of initials and finals between Modern Sino-Korean and the Suzhou dialect of Wu-dialects by using a basis of pronunciations of Middle Chinese characters, and a conclusion is drawn that there are some common and different points. It discusses some limitations and the research plan for the future.
This thesis separated the initial systems and final systems of Chinese characters to find comparisons and contractions because of the huge data of 3000 Chinese characters. The author plans to do further study synthetically and fully on the relations of their syllable constructions, the select preferences between initials and finals, tone systems and intonations in the future and hopes that it can become a possible breakthrough for helping those learners who are studying Korean as a second language whose mother tongue use Wu-dialects and others who are interested in Chinese Wu-dialects and Sino-Korean.Ⅰ. 서론 1
A. 연구의 동기 및 목적 1
1. 연구의 동기 1
2. 연구의 목적 6
B. 선행연구 7
1. 한국 한자음 음운에 대한 연구 8
2. 중국 오방언 음운에 대한 연구 13
3．한국 한자음과 중국 오방언 음운의 대조 연구 20
C. 연구 대상 및 방법 23
1. 연구 분야와 대상 23
2. 연구 방법과 절차 25
Ⅱ. 현대 한국 한자음과 중국 오방언 소주음의 성모 대비 27
A. 순음계 (脣音系) 40
1. 방모（母） 40
2. 방모（滂母） 42
3. 병모（母） 43
4. 명모（明母） 45
5. 비모（非母） 46
6. 부모（敷母） 48
7. 봉모（奉母） 49
8. 미모（微母） 50
9. 순음계 정리 51
B. 설음계（舌音系） 52
1. 단모（端母） 52
2. 투모（透母） 54
3. 정모（定母） 56
4. 니모（泥母） 58
5. 래모（母） 59
6. 지모（知母） 61
7. 철모（徹母） 63
8. 징모（澄母） 64
9. 설음계 정리 65
C. 아음계（牙音系） 68
1. 견모（見母） 68
2. 계모（溪母） 72
3. 군모（群母） 74
4. 의모（疑母） 76
5. 아음계 정리 78
D. 치음계（齒音系） 79
1. 정모（精母） 80
2. 청모（母） 81
3. 종모（從母） 83
4. 심모（心母） 84
5. 사모（邪母） 86
6. 장모（莊母） 87
7. 초모（初母） 88
8. 숭모（崇母） 89
9. 생모（生母） 90
10. 장모（章母） 92
11. 창모（昌母） 93
12. 선모（船母） 94
13. 서모（書母） 95
14. 선모（禪母） 97
15. 일모（日母） 98
16. 치음계 정리 100
E. 후음계（喉音系） 102
1. 영모（影母） 103
2. 효모（曉母） 105
3. 갑모（匣母） 107
4. 유모（母） 109
5. 후음계 정리 112
F． 현대 한국 한자음과 오방언 소주음의 성모 대비 정리 113
Ⅲ. 현대 한국 한자음과 오방언 소주음의 운모 대비 119
A. 통섭 (通攝) 131
B. 강섭（江攝） 139
C. 지섭（止攝） 142
D. 우섭（遇攝） 153
E. 해섭（蟹攝） 160
F. 진섭（臻攝） 174
G. 산섭（山攝） 184
H. 효섭（效攝） 206
I. 과섭（果攝） 211
J. 가섭（假攝） 216
K. 탕섭（宕攝） 220
L. 경섭（梗攝） 229
M. 증섭（曾攝） 245
N. 류섭（流攝） 251
O. 심섭（深攝） 255
P. 함섭（咸攝） 257
Q. 현대 한국 한자음과 오방언 소주음의 운모 대비 정리 270
Ⅳ. 결론 285
참고문헌 288
&lt;부록-1&gt; 현대 오방언의 지역 분포도 299
&lt;부록-2&gt; 소주시 구획도 300
&lt;부록-3&gt; IPA (International Phonetics Alphabet) 301
&lt;부록-4&gt; 현대 한국 한자음과 오방언 소주음의 한자 대비표 301
ABSTRACT 37
