1,720,993 research outputs found
Characterization of dye wastewater in advanced oxidation process and biological treatment
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.In this study, advanced oxidation process (AOP) has been conducted in laboratory scale ozonation/H2O2 treatment train to investigate the characteristic change in azo dye. The experiments set up is designed base on the following matrices: Effect of H2O2/O3 ratio, effect of pH and effect of ozonation time. Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) completely removing colour of azo dye solution. In AOP hydrogen peroxide accelerates the decomposition of ozone and enhanced the production of the hydroxyl radical. The radical quickly oxidize colour impacting functional group in azo dye, and consequently the azo dye is completely decolorized. COD value was slightly decreased after AOP, with the optimum H2O2/O3 ratio was obtained at 1 mg H2O2/ mg O3. The removal efficiency of COD were varied for different value of pH, with the optimum COD removal was achieved at pH 7AOP transformed the structure of benzene ring, N=N double bond and C-O single bond, which eventually resulted on decolourization of azo dye solution. As for COD removal for H2O2/O3 ratio at 1 mg shows the removal percentage at 26%. For pH, the COD removal at pH 7 is 53%. At pH 7 and 1 mg H2O2, the COD removal is optimum at 80 minutes with the removal percentage is 60.5%. BOD removal shows no huge different with AOP alone. This process must be continued with biological treatment to gain the maximum value. The result indicated that AOP was effective in transforming the functional groups present in Reactive Red 120 producing biodegradable product
Improvement of COD and BOD removal by Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) and Biological treatment
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.The major problem concerning of environment in water pollution is from industrial wastewater problem which is the dyes pollution. Existing of dyes in the industrial wastewater will make the serious environmental problem due to its high toxicity. Azo dyes are the largest group of these dyes used in industry. Azo dyes are known to have the strong colour, high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and low biodegradability. The treatment of azo dyes industrial effluents in this research are by effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), pH and ozonation time. It is continuing with the single-stage and multi-stage of advance oxidation process (AOP) and biological treatment. The AOP treatment selected is the combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 ). The performance of AOP and biological treatment will be evaluated based on COD and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal of Reactive Red 120 dye sample. In the single-stage and biological treatment, two (2) liter of dye was ozonated for 20 minutes and biodegraded with the 1% of river water for 4 days. In the multi-stage and biological treatment, the sample was ozonated for 10 minutes and biodegraded by the same method as single-stage treatment. Based on the research had done, the multi-stage AOP and biological treatment showed better results in COD removal which was 76.88 % compared to single-stage AOP and biological treatment which was 50.29 %. So, azo dyes are more efficiency treated with this AOP treatment than the other wastewater treatment process
Adsorption of reactive red dye using regenerated activated carbon: Batch and column studies
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.Reactive azo dyes, such as Reactive Red 120 are commonly use in textile industry.
Low utilization degree and its functional group bonds to water is a problem for the removal
from wastewater. Granular activated carbon (GAC) used to adsorb reactive dye. It has
limited adsorption ability. After some period, the GAC become exhausted and disposed.
The exhausted GAC replaced by new GAC for as a result. Regeneration of activated
carbon, method to reactivate carbon adsorption capacity using chemical and thermal
(pyrolysis) treatment. Purpose on this work is to compare the efficiency of adsorption by
activated carbon; fresh, spent, chemical and thermal regeneration towards reactive dye.
Batch and column studies were conducted to investigate the performance of the activated
carbons. Two equilibrium adsorption isotherm applied; Langmuir and Freundlish.
Freundlich adsorption isotherm was found to fit the experimental data from batch testing.
Value of R2 for all type of GAC was higher than 0.97, for Freundlish isotherm. Thermal
regeneration GAC have higher adsorption capacity, 1.380 mg/g than chemical regeneration
GAC, 1.065 mg/g. In fixed bed column modeling, Rapid Small Scale Column Test
(RSSCT) used for adsorption of RR120 at three different flow rates was investigated.
Flowrate of 5 mL/min was the best flowrate to have longest period time service of activated
carbon. Chemical regeneration GAC exhausted at 400 minutes while thermal still in
adsorbing process at 400 minutes
Decolorization of azo dye by ozonation
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.Decolourization and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal of azo dye solution in
different ozonation time and biodegradation processes were evaluated to apply for
wastewater treatment containing azo dye. Reactive Red 120, Remazol Brilliant Blue R,
Reactive Green 19 and Reactive Black 5 have been selected amongst azo dyes in
performing ozonation process. Laboratory scale ozonation process are developed.
Ozonation is effective for decolourization of reactive azo dye even with lower ozone dose.
Ozonation time 5 minutes, 10 minutes and 20 minutes are done to evaluate the performance
of ozonation and biological treatment on different azo dyes. Contrarily, significant
decreased in COD concentration was only observed within higher range of ozone doses.
Higher COD removal at high ozone dose was due to complete oxidation of azo dye. COD
removals are increases as the increase of ozonation time and ozone dose. Biodegradation
processes will decrease the COD value compare after the ozonation process. Decolorization
of the dye was completed after 20 minutes of reaction
Multi-stage ozonation and biological treatment for the removal of azo dye industrial effluent
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.The presence of dyes in various industrial effluents is a major problem due to their adverse
effect to many forms of life. Wastewater containing dyes presents a serious environmental
problem due to its high toxicity which contributes to water pollution. Dyes are known to
have strong colour, high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and low biodegradability. This
research focused on treatment of dye industrial effluent by single-stage and multi-stage
ozonation and biological treatment process. It was done as to evaluate the performance of
ozonation and biological treatment process for colour or concentration and COD removal of
Reactive Red 120 dye sample. In the single-stage ozonation and biological treatment, one
(1) liter of dye sample was ozonated for 15 minutes and then was biodegraded with 1 %
river water for 4 days. In the multi-stage ozonation and biological treatment, the sample
was ozonated for 5 minutes and biodegraded by the same method as in single-stage
treatment. However, the process of ozonation and biodegradation were repeated until the
third stage. The results obtained showed that single-stage ozonation and biological
treatment removed 39.51 % of COD while multi-stage treatment removed 76.54 % of COD.
Both single-stage and multi-stage ozonation and biological treatment process gave excellent
results of 99.90 % colour removal
Preliminary pilot plant study of ozonation and biological activated carbon (BAC) with recycling for advanced drinking water treatment
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.The residual dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the conventional drinking water treatment is responsible for the production of undesirable disinfection by-products (DBPs) during chlorine disinfection process. The combination of ozonation and biological treatment is promising unit process for residual DOC removal in conventional drinking water treatment. Multi-stage ozonation-biological treatment, which is a repeated process of ozonation-biological treatment, could decrease more DOC than the single-stage ozonation-biological treatment with the same total ozonation time. However, the multi-stage ozonation-biological treatment is not practically feasible to be implemented in full-scale drinking water treatment. A continuous ozonation-biological treatment with recycling, which is an analogous treatment with the multi-stage ozonation-biological treatment, seems to be more applicable in actual drinking water treatment. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the performance of ozonation – BAC treatment with recycling for DOC and DBPs removal, to identify the characteristic changes in ozonation – BAC treatment with recycling and to determine effect of various physical parameters such as temperature, conductivity and pH on ozonation – BAC treatment with recycling
Comparative study on regeneration of spent activated carbon by chemical and thermal treatments
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.Spent activated carbon had been collected from industry for regeneration purpose. Usually carbon that been use in industrial for treatment purpose will disposed as it include in schedule waste. Regeneration of spent activated carbon can avoid it from directly disposed. The regeneration of activated carbon can be done by thermal treatments and chemical package treatments. The objective in this study to evaluate the performance of spent activated carbon after regeneration by chemical and thermal treatments. Two methods of regeneration had been used for this study which is chemical regeneration and thermal regeneration. 6 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was used for chemical regeneration and for thermal regeneration the spent activated carbon was heat up to 800oC in pyrolysis under inert atmosphere condition. Methylene blue was used as media to determine the performance of the regenerated carbon. The percentage removals of methylene blue by thermal and chemical regeneration activated carbon for 1 g of carbon are 99.97% and 99.81% respectively. The equilibrium isotherms, for the sorption of methylene blue were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The Langmuir model indicates the adsorption capacity of thermal and chemical regeneration is 333.33 mg/g and 1000 mg/g respectively. For the Freundlich model, the adsorption capacity of thermal and chemical regeneration is 120.542 and 39.965 respectively
Optimization of Moringa Oleifera extraction method for water and wastewater treatment application
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.Coagulation of water involves the use of coagulating agents to bring the suspended matter in the water together for the next treatment process easier which are settling and the filtration process. A lot of previous studies using Moringa Oleifera seed as the natural coagulant, so the objective of this study is aimed to examine the efficiency of Moringa Oleifera stem, leaves, pods and also seeds extracted by salt solutions, sodium chloride (NaCI) and potassium chloride (KCI) at 1.0 N and distilled water for low and high turbidity removal in synthetic turbid water for water and wastewater treatment application. Kaolin is used to create the synthetic high and low turbid water. A conventional jar test apparatus test was employed for the test by using different dosage of extracted Moringa Oleifera solutions. The extracted solutions were also characterized base on its functional group analysis. The results showed that, the seeds with potassium chloride (KCI) solutions are the best coagulant and more efficient at high turbid water, meanwhile the other parts of Moringa Oleifera showed insignificant removal of turbidity
Removal of turbidity in raw water by Okra Pea (Abelmoschus Esculentus)
No full textAccess is limited to UniMAP community.Coagulation is an important process in water treatment to reduce the turbidity of water.
In this study, Abelmoschus Esculentus or more commonly known as okra pea has been
used to evaluate its effectiveness in removing water turbidity by using jar test. Four
different parts of okra pea: seed, pod, leaf and stem have been used to study its potential
in turbidity removal. Active component were extracted from the okra pea by using three
different type of extraction solution namely distilled water, KCl 1.0M and NaCl 1.0M.
Initial synthetic turbidity of 55 NTU was used for the study purpose. Other parameter
such as pH has also been studied. The seed extracted by using KCl 1.0M show the
highest efficiency in turbidity removal. Besides that, lower pH does help in coagulation
process
Penilaian kualiti sumber air dan kesannya terhadap permintaan klorin
No full textMaster of Science in Civil EngineeringThis study aims to assess the quality of water resources in the Kedah North Canal, and its impact on chlorine demand in the Water Treatment Plant Arau Phase IV, Perlis. The study was conducted over 12 months from June 2014 to May 2015 based on the WQI, INWQS, and NSDWQ. The study found that the quality of water resources in the North Canal are in Class III. The main factors associated with this pollution is land use activities and the seasons change. Studies have shown that Pelubang, Jitra and Tunjang Station are major contributors of pollution such as ammonia, TSS, TOC, BOD, COD, turbidity, temperature, pH and DO. Iron and manganese pollution were the highest recorded at Tunjang and Jitra Station, while phosphate and nitrate pollution
concentrated in Tunjang and Padang Sera Station. Analysis of water quality in the Water Treatment Plant Arau Phase IV shows the changes of water quality resources with a significant impact on the chlorine demand when the value of r = 0.75 and r2 =
0.56. The average of chlorine demand in D1 Station (Intake), D2 (Aeration), D3 (Sedimentation) and D4 (Sand filtration) were 2.48 mg/L, 2.31 mg/L, 1.98 mg/L and 1.74 mg/L. Analysis of water quality parameters and chlorine demand also exhibits a
very strong relationship with r > 0.90, particularly by pH, ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, iron, manganese and TOC. This is followed by r > 0.70 by TSS, temperature, and turbidity, while DO exhibit the weakest correlation, r = 0.20. Multiple regression
analysis showed predictor parameters for chlorine demand in D1, D2, D3, and D4 each consisting of TSS, TOC, manganese and ammonia. The conclusion is, the combination of land use activities and seasonal changes can affect and impact on the quality of raw water resources in the North Canal, Kedah thus affecting the chlorine demand present in the water treatment process at the Water Treatment Plant Arau Phase IV, Perlis. The higher quality of water resources, chlorine demand will decline, but when low-quality water resources will increase of chlorine demand. Therefore, the effectiveness of
pollution control and water treatment process is very important to eliminate or minimize
the potential precursor to cause demand to ensure that chlorine treated water supplied to
consumers quality and safe
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