4 research outputs found
Mangrove Density Analysis in Teluk Semanting Ecotourism Area using NDVI
No full textThe mangrove ecosystem is of critical importance as a coastal vegetation system, playing a significant role in maintaining environmental stability, supporting social welfare, and fostering economic growth. In Teluk Semanting, Berau, East Kalimantan, mangrove forests play a vital role in preventing erosion, mitigating abrasion, providing habitats for various fauna, and supporting sustainable livelihoods through ecotourism. However, the area's mangrove forests are under threat due to the impact of human activities. To monitor mangrove forest development and prevent further degradation, it is essential to assess changes in the spatial distribution of mangrove land cover. This study utilises Sentinel-2A satellite imagery and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) algorithm to analyse the spatial and temporal dynamics of mangrove cover in Teluk Semanting during the period 2019–2023. The results indicate a substantial decline in the high-density mangrove category, from 844.93 hectares in 2019 to 676.00 hectares in 2023, while the low- and medium- density categories exhibited a significant increase in area. This indicates a shift in mangrove quality from high-density to medium- and low- density categories. Regression analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation (R² = 72.43%) between NDVI values and mangrove canopy density observed in the field, thereby underscoring the reliability of satellite imagery for monitoring mangrove conditions. The study emphasises the necessity of continuous monitoring and the implementation of conservation strategies to ensure the preservation of the ecological and economic benefits provided by mangrove ecosystems. This is particularly pertinent given the area's designation for ecotourism, where inadequate management could have adverse effects on the local community and global environmental stability
Intellectual property laws and Islam in Malaysia.
No full textPhDThis study is undertaken on the premise that Islam and Islamic law is to be taken into
serious consideration in any future legislative reform of laws in Malaysia. Islam being
the religion of the country and the strong religious sentiment of the Muslims (who
form the majority in Malaysia) cannot be overlooked or dismissed lightly by the
legislators in Malaysia. Reformation of intellectual property laws is timely, as we are
now approaching to the dateline set by GATF-Trips agreement which aim is to
improve our standard of intellectual property protection. This study seeks to analyze
and evaluate the current legislation pertaining to intellectual property in Malaysia in
terms of the philosophy and rules governing the existence, ownership and exercise of
these rights and their consistency and inconsistency with Islam and Islamic law. The
main objective of this study is to prove that a coherent and logical conceptual
framework of ownership of intellectual property can be derived from an Islamic
perspective which not only offers the basis of rights but also defines the scope of
these rights. From the point of ownership of rights, support can be obtained from the
normative framework of property rights within the traditional classification of 'mal'
(property) and 'haqq al-milkiyyah' (ownership rights) under Islamic law. From the
point of exercise of rights, the exact scope can be defined from the analysis of
fundamental concepts which have been developed by Muslim jurists. It has been
established that Islam and Islamic law offers a sound and systematic paradigm, which
in deeper analysis, can satisfy both our current obligations under international
treatises, as well as our responsibility to practise our religion to the fullest
Exploring the cost-effectiveness of high versus low perioperative fraction of inspired oxygen in the prevention of surgical site infections among abdominal surgery patients in three low- and middle-income countries
No full textBackground: This study assessed the potential cost-effectiveness of high (80–100%) vs low (21–35%) fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after abdominal surgery in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Methods: Decision-analytic models were constructed using best available evidence sourced from unbundled data of an ongoing pilot trial assessing the effectiveness of high FiO2, published literature, and a cost survey in Nigeria, India, and South Africa. Effectiveness was measured as percentage of SSIs at 30 days after surgery, a healthcare perspective was adopted, and costs were reported in US dollars (216 compared with 6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1) difference in costs. In India, the average cost for high FiO2 was 195 for low FiO2 leading to a −15 to −1164 compared with 93 (95% CI: −65) difference in costs. The high FiO2 arm had few SSIs, 7.33% compared with 8.38% for low FiO2, leading to a −1.05 (95% CI: −1.14 to −0.90) percentage point reduction in SSIs. Conclusion: High FiO2 could be cost-effective at preventing SSIs in the three countries but further data from large clinical trials are required to confirm this. © 2023 The Author
