1,721,596 research outputs found
A comparative examination of MBR and SBR performance for the treatment of high-strength landfill leachate
No full textThe management of landfill leachate is challenging, with relatively limited work targeting high-strength leachate. In this study, the performance of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) and sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technologies are compared in treating high-strength landfill leachate. The MBR exhibited a superior performance with removal efficiencies exceeding 95percent for BOD5, TN, and NH3 and an improvement on SBR efficiencies ranging between 21 and 34percent. The coupled experimental results contribute in filling a gap toward improving the management of high-strength landfill leachate and providing comparative guidelines or selection criteria and limitations for MBR and SBR applications. While the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology offers some flexibility in terms of cycle time and sequence, its performance is constrained when considering landfill leachate associated with significant variations in quality and quantity. Combining membrane separation and biodegradation processes or the membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology improved removal efficiencies significantly. In the context of leachate management using the MBR technology, more efforts have targeted low-strength leachate with limited attempts at moderate to high strength leachate. In this study, the SBR and MBR technologies were tested under different operating conditions to compare and evaluate their feasibility for the management of high-strength leachate from a full-scale operating landfill. Such a comparison has not been reported for high-strength leachate. © 2014 Copyright © 2014 Aandamp;WMA.Afsharnia M, 2012, DESALIN WATER TREAT, V48, P344, DOI 10.1080-19443994.2012.702959; Ahmed FN, 2012, DESALINATION, V287, P41, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2011.12.012; Ahn WY, 2002, DESALINATION, V149, P109, DOI 10.1016-S0011-9164(02)00740-3; Aloui F, 2009, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V60, P605, DOI 10.2166-wst.2009.377; APHA AWWA WPCF, 2005, STANDARD METHODS EXA; Aziz SQ, 2011, DESALINATION, V277, P313, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2011.04.046; Bai Y., 2011, 3 INT C MEAS TECHN M, V1, P183, DOI DOI 10.1109-ICMTMA.2011.51; Berube P, 2010, SUSTAIN SCI ENG, V2, P255, DOI 10.1016-S1871-2711(09)00209-8; Bilad MR, 2011, SEP PURIF TECHNOL, V78, P105, DOI 10.1016-j.seppur.2010.12.005; Bodzek M, 2006, DESALINATION, V198, P16, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2006.09.004; Campagna M, 2013, WASTE MANAGE, V33, P866, DOI 10.1016-j.wasman.2012.12.010; Cecen F, 2004, ENVIRON ENG SCI, V21, P303, DOI 10.1089-109287504323066941; Cecen F, 2001, BIOTECHNOL LETT, V23, P821, DOI 10.1023-A:1010317823529; Chen SH, 2006, CHINESE SCI BULL, V51, P2831, DOI 10.1007-s11434-006-2177-y; Clement B., 1995, P SARD 95 5 INT LAND, P315; ElFadel M, 1997, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V18, P669, DOI 10.1080-09593331808616586; El-Fadel M, 1999, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V20, P121, DOI 10.1080-09593332008616802; El-Fadel M., 2003, ENV STUD A, V60, P603, DOI [10.1080-0020723032000069187, DOI 10.1080-0020723032000069187]; El-Fadel M, 2002, WASTE MANAGE, V22, P269, DOI 10.1016-S0956-053X(01)00040-X; El-Fadel M, 2000, CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC, V30, P327, DOI 10.1080-10643380091184200; Feki F, 2009, CHEMOSPHERE, V75, P256, DOI 10.1016-j.chemosphere.2008.12.013; Guo JS, 2010, J HAZARD MATER, V178, P699, DOI 10.1016-j.jhazmat.2010.01.144; Ince M, 2010, DESALINATION, V255, P52, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2010.01.017; Jakopovic HK, 2008, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V17, P687; Jia H., 2009, INT C EN ENV TECHN I; Klimiuk E, 2006, WASTE MANAGE, V26, P1140, DOI 10.1016-j.wasman.2005.09.011; Kulikowska D, 2007, BIORESOURCE TECHNOL, V98, P1426, DOI 10.1016-j.biortech.2006.05.021; Laitinen N, 2006, DESALINATION, V191, P86, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2005.08.012; Lin SH, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P4243, DOI 10.1016-S0043-1354(00)00185-8; Loizidou M, 1992, FRESEN ENVIRON BULL, V1, P748; Ministry of Environment, 2001, STAND DISCH SURF WAT; Monclus H, 2009, ENVIRON TECHNOL, V30, P283, DOI 10.1080-09593330802622105; Neczaj E, 2005, DESALINATION, V185, P357, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2005.04.044; Nurisepehr M, 2012, WASTE MANAGE RES, V30, P883, DOI 10.1177-0734242X11433526; Puszczalo E, 2010, DESALIN WATER TREAT, V14, P16, DOI 10.5004-dwt.2010.1066; Renou S, 2008, J HAZARD MATER, V150, P468, DOI 10.1016-j.jhazmat.2007.09.077; Rodriguez DC, 2011, DESALINATION, V273, P447, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2011.01.068; Santos A., 2010, DESALINATION, V273, P148, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2010.07.063; Sethi S, 2013, INT J ENVIRON POLLUT, V51, P57, DOI 10.1504-IJEP.2013.053175; Singh M, 2011, ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG, V6, P3, DOI 10.1002-apj.490; Tatsi AA, 2002, ADV ENVIRON RES, V6, P207, DOI 10.1016-S1093-0191(01)00052-1; Trabelsi I, 2013, ARAB J GEOSCI, V6, P2071, DOI 10.1007-s12517-011-0464-7; Trebouet D, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P2935, DOI 10.1016-S0043-1354(01)00005-7; Tsilogeorgis J, 2008, DESALINATION, V221, P483, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2007.01.109; Tsonis S., 1998, P PROT REST ENV 4 HA, P667; Uygur A, 2004, J ENVIRON MANAGE, V71, P9, DOI 10.1016-j.jenvman.2004.01.002; Visvanathan C, 2007, DESALINATION, V204, P8, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2006.02.028; Xiu-Fen L, 2011, ENVIRON CHEM LETT, V9, P71, DOI 10.1007-s10311-009-0248-4; Zhang J, 2007, DESALINATION, V207, P153, DOI 10.1016-j.desal.2006.07.009; Zouboulis AI, 2001, CHEMOSPHERE, V44, P1103, DOI 10.1016-S0045-6535(00)00343-X0
Variation of selected air quality indicators over the city of Beirut, Lebanon: Assessment of emission sources
No full textIt is well established that the Mediterranean region experiences high pollution episodes as a result of its closed location and hot-humid long summers. However, few long-term field measurements have been conducted along the Eastern Mediterranean coast in general and in Arab countries, in particular. Hence, a six-month field study of major indicators like CO, SO2, PM10 and O3 were conducted in Beirut, Lebanon. Measurements on an upwind site showed that the monthly average concentrations of CO, SO2 and O3 were lower than the USEPA air quality standards while the monthly average concentrations of PM10 were higher. Diurnal variations showed that vehicle-induced emissions contribute significantly to CO levels while winter heaters constitute the major source of SO2. High diurnal and nocturnal levels of PM10 and O3 are the results of several local and long-range transport phenomena. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Chaloulakou A, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V52, P1007, DOI 10.1016-S0045-6535(03)00263-7; Chaloulakou A, 2003, ATMOS ENVIRON, V37, P649, DOI 10.1016-S1352-2310(02)00898-1; Duenas C, 2002, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V299, P97, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(02)00251-6; Elbir T, 2000, ENVIRON INT, V26, P5, DOI 10.1016-S0160-4120(00)00071-4; El-Fadel M., 2002, ENV STUDIES A, V13, P471, DOI [10.1108-09566160210441780, DOI 10.1108-09566160210441780]; ELFADEL M, 2000, J TRANSPORTATION STA, V3, P85; El-Fadel M, 1999, TRANSPORT RES D-TR E, V4, P251, DOI 10.1016-S1361-9209(99)00008-5; El-Fadel M, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V257, P133, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(00)00503-9; El-Fadel M, 2001, ENERG POLICY, V29, P1031, DOI 10.1016-S0301-4215(01)00033-7; El-Hougeiri N, 2004, INDOOR BUILT ENVIRON, V13, P421, DOI 10.1177-1420326X04049344; Erduran AS, 2001, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V281, P205; Finlayson-Pitts B.J., 2000, CHEM UPPER LOWER ATM; Ganor E, 2000, ATMOS ENVIRON, V34, P3453, DOI 10.1016-S1352-2310(00)00077-7; Glavas S, 1999, ATMOS ENVIRON, V33, P3813, DOI 10.1016-S1352-2310(98)00393-8; Graham B, 2004, ATMOS ENVIRON, V38, P1593, DOI 10.1016-j.atmosenv.2003.12.015; Hashisho Z, 2004, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V93, P185, DOI 10.1023-B:EMAS.0000016804.88534.34; He LY, 2004, ATMOS ENVIRON, V38, P6557, DOI 10.1016-j.atmosenv.2004.08.034; Kalabokas PD, 2000, ATMOS ENVIRON, V34, P5199, DOI 10.1016-S1352-2310(00)00298-3; Kourtidis KA, 2002, ATMOS ENVIRON, V36, P5355, DOI 10.1016-S1352-2310(02)00580-0; Kouvarakis G, 2000, J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS, V105, P4399, DOI 10.1029-1999JD900984; Latha KM, 2004, ATMOS RES, V71, P265, DOI 10.1016-j.atmosres.2004.06.004; Lee SC, 2001, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V279, P181, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(01)00765-3; Lelieveld J, 2002, SCIENCE, V298, P794, DOI 10.1126-science.1075457; Liu YS, 2004, ENVIRON INT, V30, P189, DOI 10.1016-S0160-4120(03)00173-9; MOUSSA SG, 2005, IN PRES ATMOSPHERIC; Riga-Karandinos AN, 2005, CHEMOSPHERE, V59, P1125, DOI 10.1016-j.chemosphere.2004.11.059; Tov DA, 1997, ATMOS ENVIRON, V31, P1441; Tsitouridou R, 2003, CHEMOSPHERE, V52, P883, DOI 10.1016-S0045-6535(03)00313-8; Varinou M, 1999, PHYS CHEM EARTH PT C, V24, P507, DOI 10.1016-S1464-1917(99)00081-117202
Determinants of optimal aerobic bioreactor landfilling for the treatment of the organic fraction of municipal waste
No full textHistorically, municipal solid waste landfills have been designed and operated as disposal facilities with suboptimal degradation under anaerobic conditions, resulting in slow waste stabilization and generation of landfill gas rich in methane and high strength leachate. Recently, aerobic bioreactor landfilling is being promoted as a promising method that enhances waste stabilization while producing a relatively weaker leachate and no methane generation. The authors review transformation processes and benefits associated with aerobic bioreactor landfilling. Factors affecting the operation of aerobic bioreactor landfills were detailed and performance indicators were defined with technical and operational considerations. The article emphasizes conditions for economic viability of the technology and concludes with outlining existing gaps and future research needs to improve the understanding and performance of aerobic bioreactor landfilling. © 2014 Copyright © Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.Abichou T, 2006, WASTE MANAGE, V26, P1305, DOI 10.1016-j.wasman.2005.11.016; Agadag O. N., 2005, CHEMOSPHERE, V59, P871; Agadag O. 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Environmental compliance and phasing program for paper and cardboard manufacturing in Lebanon
No full textWater Quality in the Coastal Zone of Bebnine: A Case Study on Successful Community Participation
No full textSimulating temperature variations in landfills
No full textGas generation within solid waste landfills occurs as a result of biodegradation of organic matter in the landfill. Biodegradation processes in a landfill are exothermic and highly dependant on microbial growth in that environment. The heat generated during exothermic reaction's increases landfill temperatures. Temperature is an important factor controlling their own internal temperature. Therefore predicting and controlling the temperature variation within a landfill are essential to ensure normal gas generation and recovery and enhance stabilization processes. This paper presents a mathematical model to estimated the temperature distribution resulting from the heat release during organic waste decomposition in layered solid waste landfills. The heat source within the landfill is estimated based on the amount of heat generated during the biodegradation processes. Temperature profiles are obtained by solving the heat flow equation within the landfill. The resulting model is coupled with a gas generation and transport component and was used to simulated data from a field scale test
Needs assessment for an integrated air quality monitoring program in the three main cities of Iraq (Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul)
No full textNoise impact assessment of multi-highways in urban areas: Model calibration and mitigation measures
No full textAntibiotic-resistant patterns of Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains isolated from the Lebanese environments
No full textRisk assessment of atmospheric emissions and dispersion from the multi-stack power plant in Basra, Iraq
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