1,721,372 research outputs found
Italy
No full textSince 2003 the Chapter on Italian Copyright Law in the Treatise is written and updated every year by A. Musso (M. Fabiani had written it through 2002). As well as all the other national chapters (plus a chapter on European Law and a general Introduction), the "Italian" chapter deals with the Italian Law on Copyright and related rights, updated every year with all the relevant new provisions and the main decisions of higher and lower courts. In this 23rd release, a substantial and deeper review/update off all the issues related to copyright or related rights has been made by the Author, especially on links with international subject-matter (e.g. comparison of terms), on-line uses and possible infringement by Internet Service Providers (with changes in the main index, too). Due to the many entries in alphabetical order, every new release is divided in two papery volumes: the entry "Italy" is in Volume 2
Cephalometric variables in diagnosis of OSAS.
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a new physical maneuver in the treatment of the apogeotropic variant of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Study Design: Case review. Setting: Outpatient clinic. Patients: The diagnosis of apogeotropic horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo was based on the history of recurrent sudden crisis of vertigo associated with bursts of horizontal apogeotropic paroxysmal nystagmus provoked by turning the head from the supine to either lateral position. The patients were three men and five women ranging in age from 31 to 73 years (average, 49.2 yr). Interventions: All patients were treated with a repositioning maneuver based on the hypothesis that the syndrome is caused by the presence of free-floating dense particles inside the endolymph of the anterior arm of the horizontal canal. The maneuver favors their shifting into the posterior arm of the canal. Patients were reexamined immediately after the treatment and underwent Gufoni's liberatory maneuver for the geotropic variant of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Main Outcome Measure: The treatment outcome was considered as responsive when, after one repositioning maneuver, nystagmus shifted from apogeotropic to geotropic. Results: The repositioning maneuver resulted in a transformation from the apogeotropic variant into a geotropic variant of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in all patients. Conclusion: This maneuver represents a simple and effective approach to the treatment of the apogeotropic variant of horizontal canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. It favors the shifting of the canaliths from the anterior into the posterior arm of the horizontal canal from where they can migrate into the utricle with Gufoni's maneuver
Exact Solutions of Linear Buckling for a Class of FGM Columns with Varying Cross-Section
No full textThis paper deals with the linear buckling problem for inhomogeneous Euler-Bernoulli column having both mechanical and geometrical properties variable along its length. Four classes of longitudinally functionally graded material columns with variable cross-sections are considered. The solutions of the relevant differential equations are obtained in terms of both hypergeometric functions and elementary functions. The normalized buckling loads are computed for five typical boundary conditions and they are validated by a comparison with approximate numerical results available in literature. The proposed formulation may provide a further benchmark for the accuracy assessment of numerical and approximated solutions
L’imputabilità dei costi di gestione delle discariche dismesse secondo una recente sentenza della Corte di giustizia: il caso“Malagrotta”
Full text linkCome si determina il soggetto cui sono imputati i costi di gestione delle discariche di rifiuti dopo che siano state dismesse? La soluzione appare particolarmente delicata nel caso di discariche che erano già attive prima dell'entrata in vigore della direttiva "rifiuti". E' questo il caso della discarica "Malagrotta", la più grande discarica d'Europa che ha accolto per anni tutti i rifiuti del Comune di Roma e dintorni
Italy
No full textSince 2003 the Chapter on Italian Copyright Law Treatise is written and updated every year by A. Musso (M. Fabiani had written it through 2002). As well as all the other national chapters (plus a chapter on European Law and a general Introduction) in the Treatise, the "Italian" chapter deals with the Italian Law on Copyright and related rights, updated every year with all the relevant new provisions and the main decisions of higher and lower courts
The impact of growth and distribution on poverty: Recent evidence for Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textWhile economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has surged substantially since the second half of the 1990s, the amount of poverty reduction has been far less spectacular. Using 1991-2018 World Bank data and a decomposition of poverty changes into growth and distribution components based on a parametric specification of the income density function, the chapter explores the translation of recent growth to poverty reduction for a large number of countries in SSA. The study finds that, on average, income growth has been the major driving force behind poverty changes. The analysis, however, documents substantial country differences that are masked by this dominant-growth story. While in the majority of countries growth was the major factor behind declines or increases in poverty, distributional changes, nevertheless, played a crucial role in poverty behavior in a large number of countries. And even in those countries where growth has been the main driver of poverty reduction, further progress could have occurred without relatively unfavorable income distribution. The present study particularly points to income polarization - a concept related to but distinct from inequality - as a widespread phenomenon in the region and further limiting the effectiveness of growth in reducing poverty
Mechanical characterization of five species of Italian bamboo
Full text linkHigh mechanical performance coupled with sustainability gives to bamboo a high potential to substitute conventional construction materials in various applications. In particular, there are countries in which this material has been used in construction for millennia and represents an asset, on the contrary, there are countries where there is still not enough knowledge of the structural properties of locally-grown bamboo. In these cases, it is important to extend the knowledge of the mechanical properties of local bamboo species supported by the development of suitable standardised testing procedures. In this view, the paper presents the results of an experimental study for the mechanical characterization of five bamboo species cultivated in Italy (Phyllostachys bambusoides, edulis, iridescens, violascens and vivax). For compressive tests, the used methodology is compliant with ISO Standards; for tensile test, the procedure suggested by ISO is very difficult to apply so different set ups have been proposed and in the second part of the paper a critical discussion about ISO methodology and its possible improvements are reported. The findings from this research shed light on current challenges and on the possible future steps for a wider uptake of natural materials in constructions
Poisson's ratio bounds in orthotropic materials. Application to natural composites: wood, bamboo and Arundo donax
Full text linkThe paper discusses the restrictions the positive definite character of the strain energy imposes to the values of the Poisson's ratios in a linear elastic orthotropic constitutive law. By exploiting the reciprocity principle and the conservation of energy, non-trivial constraints arise, leading to a particularly expressive form of the domain of existence, named Tetrahedron-Ellipsoid locus, in the space of three independent Poisson's ratios. The presented analysis establishes several notable restrictions for the elastic behavior of orthotropic composite materials, in all the cases in which there are great differences in the Young's moduli. For instance, near the edge of this locus, some Poisson ratios may belong to an interval not including the zero value; a very interesting peculiarity, perhaps not yet figured out in literature. In order to assess the coerciveness of the formulation, the results are applied to common wood essences, to several Italian growing species of bamboo and Arundo donax, natural composite functionally graded orthotropic materials. In the latter cases, an extensive experimental investigation is carried out to detect several Poisson's ratios, not studied in literature. Poisson ratios are obtained directly by strains measured by means of both physical strain gauges and Digital Image Correlation (DIC)
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