1,721,064 research outputs found
Sarcopenia is more than a muscular deficit
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Sarcopenia is a complex process that appears in aged muscle associated with a decrease in mass, strength, and velocity of contraction. This process is the result of many molecular, cellular and functional alterations. It has been suggested that sarcopenia may be triggered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) that have accumulated throughout one's lifetime. We found a significant increase in oxidation of DNA and lipids in the elderly muscle, more evident in males, and a reduction in catalase and glutathione transferase activities. Experiments on Ca2+ transport showed an abnormal functional response of aged muscle after exposure to caffeine, which increases the opening of Ca2+ channels, as well a reduced activity of the Ca2+ pump in elderly males. From these results we concluded that oxidative stress play an important role in muscle aging and that oxidative damage is much more evident in elderly males, suggesting a gender difference may be related to hormonal factors. The progression of sarcopenia is directly related to a significant reduction of the regenerative potential of muscle normally due to a type of adult stem cells, known as satellite cells, which lie outside the sarcolemma and remain quiescent until external stimuli trigger as growth factors (IGF-1 or mIGF-1) their re-entry into the cell cycle. One possibility is that the anti oxidative capacity of satellite cells could also be altered and this, in turn, determines the decrease of their regenerative capacity. Data concerning this hypothesis are discussed
PMID: 16097500 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
Report and Abstracts of the 19th Meeting of the Interuniversity Institute of Myology: Assisi, October 20-23, 2022
Full text linkAfter two years of conferences on a virtual platform due to the Covid-19 pandemic, finally, the 19th annual meeting of the Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM) has returned to the heart of central Italy, in Assisi, an important cultural hub, which boasts a wide range of historic buildings and museums. This event brought together scientists from around the world providing a valuable opportunity to discuss scientific issues in the field of myology. Traditionally, the meeting particularly encourages the participation of young trainees, and the panel discussions were moderated by leading international scientists, making this a special event where young researchers had the opportunity to talk to prestigious scientists in a friendly and informal environment. Furthermore, the IIM young researchers' winners for the best oral and poster presentations, became part of the IIM Young Committee, involved in the scientific organization of sessions and roundtables and for the invitation of a main speaker for the IIM 2023 meeting. The four keynote speakers for the IIM Conference 2022 presented new insights into the role of multinucleation during muscle growth and disease, the long-range distribution of giant mRNAs in skeletal muscle, human skeletal muscle remodelling from type 2 diabetic patients and the genome integrity and cell identity in adult muscle stem cells. The congress hosted young PhD students and trainees and included 6 research sessions, two poster sessions, round tables and socio-cultural events, promoting science outreach and interdisciplinary works that are advancing new directions in the field of myology. All other attendees had the opportunity to showcase their work through poster presentations. The IIM meeting 2022 was also part of an advanced training event, which included dedicated round tables and a training session of Advanced Myology on the morning of 23 October, reserved for students under 35 enrolled in the training school, receiving a certificate of attendance. This course proposed lectures and roundtable discussions coordinated by internationally outstanding speakers on muscle metabolism, pathophysiological regeneration and emerging therapeutic approaches for muscle degenerations. As in past editions, all participants shared their results, opinions, and perspectives in understanding developmental and adult myogenesis with novel insights into muscle biology in pathophysiological conditions. We report here the abstracts of the meeting that describe the basic, translational, and clinical research and certainly contribute to the vast field of myology in an innovative and original way
Oxidative stress and muscle homeostasis
Full text linkPurpose of review The term oxidative stress is often used to indicate a condition in which the accumulation of reactive oxygen species is considered just damaging. We will discuss both the physiological and pathological role of oxidative stress on skeletal muscle homeostasis and function, and how oxidative stress can activates opposite signaling molecule to regulate gene and protein expression to guarantee muscle adaptation and to trigger a pathological condition. Recent findings Emerging evidences have assigned a critical role to oxidative stress in muscle homeostasis and in the physiopathology of skeletal muscle, suggesting that reactive oxygen species are not merely damaging agent inflicting random destruction to the cell structure and function, but useful signaling molecules to regulate growth, proliferation, differentiation, and adaptation, at least within physiological concentration. Summary The role of oxidative stress on muscle homeostasis is quite complex. It is clear that transiently increased levels of oxidative stress might reflect a potentially health promoting process, whereas an uncontrolled accumulation of oxidative stress might have pathological implication. Additional work is, therefore, necessary to understand and define precisely whether the manipulation of the redox balance represents a useful approach in the design of therapeutic strategies for muscle diseases.PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The term oxidative stress is often used to indicate a condition in which the accumulation of reactive oxygen species is considered just damaging. We will discuss both the physiological and pathological role of oxidative stress on skeletal muscle homeostasis and function, and how oxidative stress can activates opposite signaling molecule to regulate gene and protein expression to guarantee muscle adaptation and to trigger a pathological condition. RECENT FINDINGS: Emerging evidences have assigned a critical role to oxidative stress in muscle homeostasis and in the physiopathology of skeletal muscle, suggesting that reactive oxygen species are not merely damaging agent inflicting random destruction to the cell structure and function, but useful signaling molecules to regulate growth, proliferation, differentiation, and adaptation, at least within physiological concentration. SUMMARY: The role of oxidative stress on muscle homeostasis is quite complex. It is clear that transiently increased levels of oxidative stress might reflect a potentially health promoting process, whereas an uncontrolled accumulation of oxidative stress might have pathological implication. Additional work is, therefore, necessary to understand and define precisely whether the manipulation of the redox balance represents a useful approach in the design of therapeutic strategies for muscle diseases
Effect of Montepulciano d’Abruzzo red wine and main phenols on mouse skeletal muscle cells
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