1,721,076 research outputs found
AMINO ACID, SUGAR, POLIPHENOL, VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E CONTENTS IN FRESHLY HARVESTED FRUITS OF PLUM LANDRACES OF CAMPANIA REGION (ITALY)
No full textAMINO ACID, SUGAR, POLIPHENOL, VITAMIN C AND VITAMIN E
CONTENTS IN FRESHLY HARVESTED FRUITS OF PLUM LANDRACES
OF CAMPANIA REGION (ITALY)
IANNUZZI F., MIRTO A., WOODROW P., CARILLO P., FUGGI A.
Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, II
University of Naples, Via A. Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta (Italy)
plum biodiversity, sugars, poliphenols, vitamins, free amino acids
The characterization of traditional cultivars (landraces), selected by farmers and particularly
adapted to the environment in which they evolved is fundamental in the conservation and
enhancement of the Agro-biodiversity. Morphological, phenological and genetic methods, actually
are integrated by proteomics and metabolomics ones. Such methods evaluate phenotypic traits
modulated by the environmental conditions (abiotic and biotic stress). In food products they allow
the quality assessment at harvest, during postharvest storage and/or treatments. Metabolic profiling
can proved fingerprints of typical products useful to define, protect and track them along their
lifestory.
In this work sugars, organic acids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid and
dehidroascorbic acid) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol), free amino acids, were
determined in fruits from plum landraces of Campania (Italy). Fruits from sixteen plum landraces
cultivated at "CRAA-Azienda Agricola Sperimentale Improsta" of Campania Region were
analysed. The edible part of freshly harvested fruits were cutted in small pieces, frozen in liquid
nitrogenand saved at -80°C. Three samples of cutted materials were powedered in liquid nitrogen
and used to prepare extracts for the analyses. The results were expressed on a fresh weight basis as
means and standard error.
The plum fruits showed a huge variability in the distribution of soluble sugars: they were
about 4% of fresh weight (FW) In the landrace "Sila", while in "Del Carmine" and "Pezza Rossa" it
was less than 1% of FW. Sorbitol content, on average, was about 18% of the soluble sugars. The
polyphenol contents were at least 100% higher than the USDA one. Higher levels of poliphenols
occurred in "Santa Paola", "Coglie e Astad Bianca” and “Santangiolese”, while the lower one was
found in "San Rafele" and "Pappacona". Among the analysed landraces the anthocyanins occurred
mainly in the skin, and, therefore, the amounts were, generally, lower than 1% of total polyphenols.
The Vitamin E (α, γ tocopherols) was similar to USDA average data in most of the landraces, while
they were more than 100% higher in "Santa Paola" and "Santangiolese". Only in some landraces γ
tocopherol content was higher than the α one. However Vitamin E was highly correlated to
polyphenol content. Among the free amino acids asparagine occurred at the highest concentration
followed by GABA, aspartate and glutamate. Proline was at the highest level in “Sila” and “Del
Carmine”. Organic acids and Vitamine C were also analysed.
PCA analysis of all data evidenced a main cluster with 12 landraces of the 16 analysed ones.
Such data can integrate the genetic and agronomic ones for a better characterization of plum
landraces.
The work was funded by "Regione Campania, PSR 2007/2013, Measure 214, Action f2,
project Agrigenet"
Effects of NaCl, Na2SO4 , H2SO4 , and glucose on growth, photosynthesis, and respiration in the acidophilic alga Dunaliella acidophila (Volvocales, Chlorophyta).
No full textEffects of NaCl, Na2SO4 , H2SO4 , and glucose on growth, photosynthesis, and respiration in the acidophilic alga Dunaliella acidophila (Volvocales, Chlorophyta).
No full textThe role of glycerol in osmoregulation of the acidophilic alga Dunaliella acidophila (Volvocales, Chlorophyta): effect of solute stress on photosynthesis, respiration and glycerol synthesis.
No full textEffects of NaCl, Na2SO4 , H2SO4 , and glucose on growth, photosynthesis, and respiration in the acidophilic alga Dunaliella acidophila (Volvocales, Chlorophyta).
No full textThe role of glycerol in osmoregulation of the acidophilic alga Dunaliella acidophila (Volvocales, Chlorophyta): effect of solute stress on photosynthesis, respiration and glycerol synthesis.
No full textThe role of glycerol in osmoregulation of the acidophilic alga Dunaliella acidophila (Volvocales, Chlorophyta): effect of solute stress on photosynthesis, respiration and glycerol synthesis.
No full textASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE, AND H2O2 IN FRESHLY HARVESTED FRUITS OF SWEET CHERRY LANDRACES OF CAMPANIA (ITALY)
No full textASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE, AND H2O2 IN FRESHLY
HARVESTED FRUITS OF SWEET CHERRY LANDRACES OF CAMPANIA
(ITALY)
MIRTO A., IANNUZZI F., VACCA F., WOODROW P., CARILLO P., FUGGI A.
Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Second
University of Naples, Via A.Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta (Italy)
sweet cherry,vitamin C, ascorbate peroxidase, hydrogen peroxide,redox potential
Ascorbate (AsA) has a key role in many metabolic processes, regenerating other metabolites
like tocopherols from oxidative damages and protect many enzymes from irreversible inactivation
by oxidation mainly caused by the oxidative stress. It is among the main component of the redox
homeostasis buffering mechanism (ascorbate - glutathione cycle and is involved in many redox
signalling processes. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) as enzyme of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle
uses ascorbate as electron donor to scavenge hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced in normal and
stress enhanced aerobic metabolism. (Ascorbate (vitamin C) is essential for human health and its
main dietary source are plant-derived foods. In addition high level of ascorbate in fruits and
vegetables improve their post-harvesting storage properties.
In the aim of conservation and valorization of agro-biodiversity of sweet cherry germoplasm
of Campania (Italy) a study has been conducted to measure AsA, dehydroascorbate (DHA) and
hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, as well as APX activities in the harvested fruits. The redox
state of the fruits was also evaluated.
Freshly harvested fruits from 23 landraces cultivated at the Regione Campania – Improsta
farm were used for the analyses.
The sweet cherry fruit extracts of the landraces varied significantly in contents of AsA and
DHA as well as in the DHA/AsA ratio. The redox potential showed the lowest value in the extracts
from the “Patanara” and “Lauretana” ones that did not show particularly high contents of AsA. The
highest potential was found in those from “Melella” and “Tamburella” that had relatively low AsA
content. Extracts from “Melella” were among those with the highest APX activity, while those
from “Tamburella” were from those with the lowest APX activity, as were also the extract from
Lauretana. The H2O2 contents also were not simply related to AsA content, APX activity and redox
potential, in agreement with the view that ascorbate concentration is dependent on biosynthesis,
catabolism and recycling. Anyway as considering that the oxidative stress in postharvest increase it
can be suggested that fruits with the lowest redox potential closer to the physiological one, at the
harvest,contains the overall most efficient antioxidant system and may be more suitable for postharvest
storage.
The work was funded by "Regione Campania, PSR 2007/2013, Measure 214, Action f2,
project “Agrigenet"
Pattern of inhibition of nitrate utilization by ammonium in the acidophilic thermophilic unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium
No full textAmmonium-induced inhibition of nitrate utilization was monitored in cell suspensions of the unicellular alga Cyanidium caldarium. It was found that the inhibition followed an exponential pattern with a t1/2 value of about 1.5 min in cells previously grown under conditions of excess nitrate, and of about 15 min in cells grown under conditions of severe nitrate limitation. In the latter cells only, a pretreatment with cycloheximide greatly increased the t1/2 value of inhibition. Also the resumption of nitrate utilization when ammonium was depleted followed an exponential pattern with a t1/2 value of about 4.5 min. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of nitrate utilization occurs at the level of nitrate reductase activity
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