1,721,146 research outputs found
Letter to editor regarding: "Vertebral bone quality score independently predicts cage subsidence following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion."
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Central nervous system mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
No full textCentral nervous system mesenchymal chondrosarcomas are rare malignant tumors that constitute a separate entity from the classical chondrosarcoma and myxoid variant. Clinical behaviour of central nervous system chondrosarcomas is still unknown. We describe two rare examples of intracranial mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with a review of the literature, in an attempt to clarify the clinical characteristics, prognosis and treatment of choice of these unusual tumors. Among the 55 reported cases, 23 had postoperative radiotherapy. Although there is no statistical significance according to the Log-Rank test (p=0.7), the patients treated with radiation therapy seem to have a better chance of survival. Patients who had adjuvant chemotherapy (only 5) showed survival times similar to those patients who had none. Although clinical behaviour of central nervous system chondrosarcomas remains to be defined, data from our series as well as literature show that radical removal is the best therapeutic choice. In addition, patients treated with postoperative radiotherapy seem to show a trend toward increased survival
Sarcoma metastatic to the brain: a series of 35 cases and considerations from 27 years of experience.
No full textThe authors report their 27-year experience regarding 35 cases of supratentorial brain metastasis from sarcoma treated in a single institution: these included ten osteosarcomas, seven leiomyosarcomas, five Ewing sarcomas, four malignant fibrous histiocytomas, three alveolar soft-part sarcomas (ASPS), two rhabdomyosarcomas, one liposarcoma, and three unclassified sarcomas. The first 15 cases of the series have already been described in a previous publication. Median survival after craniotomy was 9.8 months (range: 4-24). In patients with preoperative Karnofsky performance score (KPS) > 60 it was 12.8 months (range: 6.5-24 months) versus 5.4 months for those patients with a KPS 60 are associated with the best prognosis. Finally, it seems that surgical indications for multiple brain metastases from sarcom
Letter to the Editor Regarding “Mutational Status and Clinical Outcomes Following Systemic Therapy with or without Focal Radiation for Resected Melanoma Brain Metastases”
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Glioblastoma in irradiated elderly patients: two case reports.
No full textWe report our experience with two elderly patients with histologically proven diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme who were treated 25 and 18 years earlier for tinea capitis and scalp cutaneous hemangioma respectively in the same areas where the glioblastoma multiforme had grown. These pathologies were benign, and nowadays can be treated with alternative approaches rather than radiotherapy. Radiotherapeutic treatment should be carefully considered before using it in young patients with benign pathologies who have a long life expectancy and subsequently a higher risk of developing radio-induced malignant lesions. Radio-induced gliomas are typical of patients younger than the ones with "spontaneous" glioblastomas; however, the subjects of our study were elderly (78 and 72 years)
Re-evaluation and quantification of the different sources of nerve fibres supplying the rat eye
No full textThe denervation and/or the removal of peripheral nerve ganglia are useful surgical techniques for studying the source and distribution of peripheral nerves in all organs, including the eye. The amount and distribution of the remaining nerve fibres supplying the eye (after sectioning of various types of nervous fibres and/or removal of nerve ganglia) were evaluated in the rat. Male SpragueÐDawley rats were anaesthetized and one or more of the following nervous tissues were removed: superior cervical ganglion, main ciliary ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, trigeminal ganglion and the ophthalmic-maxillary nerve. In some animals, chemical sympathectomy was performed by administration of 6-OH dopamine. The eyes were cut in serial sections, but only three regions (cornea, iris and choroid) were harvested and submitted for various nerve fibre staining techniques. The results were quantified and statistically analysed. Superior cervical ganglionectomy and/or chemical sympathectomy induced the destruction of almost all the catecholaminergic nerve fibres in the three examined regions of the rat eye. Removal of the ciliary ganglion (partial parasympathectomy) caused the destruction of about 60% of the cholinergic nerve fibres of the same regions of the rat eye, while subtotal parasympathectomy destroyed about 80% of the cholinergic nerve fibres. Surgical transsection of the ophthalmo-maxillary nerve or the removal of the trigeminal ganglion led to a degeneration of almost all sensitive nerve fibres of the three examined regions of the rat eye. The denervation experiments confirmed the presence of the different types of nerve fibres (sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensitive) in the three studied structures of the rat eye. Key words eye; nerve section; nervous ganglia removal; ocular peripheral ganglia; parasympathectomy; sympathectomy
Dopaminergic receptors in rat dura mater: Pharmacological characteristics
No full text1. The location and distribution of dopaminergic receptors in rat dura mater was studied by examining several dural zones (vascular, perivascular, intervascular) in different cranial and spinal regions. 2. The pharmacological characteristics and anatomical distribution of dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors sites were investigated using combined pharmacological techniques and immunofluorescent microscopy. 3. Samples of rat dura mater were obtained from 10 adult Wistar rats. On frozen slices, dopaminergic D1 and D2 receptors were stained immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies. 4. Inhibition studies were performed using fluorescent and non-fluorescent agonists or antagonists to define the pharmacological specificity of the immunostaining. 5. The greater sensitivity to displacement by amisulpride, bromocryptine, domperidone, haloperidol, raclopride and L-sulpiride than to displacement by N-propyl-nor-apomorphine, quinpirole and clozapine suggests that the immunofluorescent sites observed in these experiments are likely to belong to the dopamine D2 receptor subtype. 6. Our observations provide evidence of the presence of D1 and D2 receptors in the wall of meningeal vessels. The dopaminergic receptors are located in the adventitia, media and intima of dural arteries. Furthermore, the density of receptors is higher in close proximity to arteries and decreases passing from the vascular to the perivascular and intervascular zones. 7. In the rat dura mater, dopamine regulates the meningeal blood vessels and, through this action, dopamine and its receptors can play an important role in the pathogenesis of cephalalgia
Acetylcholinesterase activity in rat thymus after immunostimulation with interleukin beta
No full textThe occurrence and distribution of Acetyl, cholinesterase (AChE) activity were examined in the thymus of normal and immune-stimulated adult and aged rats using biochemical and enzymhistochemical methods. Specific AChE reactivity was found primarily in the arteries and, to a lesser extent, in the veins. Only a small amount of activity could be observed in association with the subcapsular and medullary part of the parenchyma and nerve fibers. Our findings indicate that AChE activity in the rat thymus increases after treatment with interleukin beta. In fact treatment with interleukin beta induces an increase of protein content, of the amounts of AChE biochemically assayed and at the levels of AChE histoenzymatically stained. Furthermore, staining of the different structures of the thymus in treated or untreated rats shows that the significant modifications concern the parenchyma, the structures resembling nerve fibers and the whole thymus, while only small changes are observed in AChE activity located in the walls of arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels
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