1,721,275 research outputs found
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of metronomic chemotherapy.
No full textDespite the numerous preclinical and clinical studies that have been conducted on metronomic chemotherapy in the past 10 years, few pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetics data on this dosing regimen are available. Indeed, only the pharmacokinetics of metronomically administered drugs, such as irinotecan, UFT, and vinorelbine, have been described in patients, but no data are available on the most widely explored agents in such an approach like cyclophosphamide or capecitabine. Methodological issues and the neglected importance of the relationship between plasma concentrations of metronomically administered chemotherapeutic drugs (and their active metabolites) contributed to the absence of data on the commonly used 50 mg/day cyclophosphamide schedule. Moreover, few data are available on the pharmacogenetics of metronomic chemotherapy, and, although some objective responses have been obtained in various tumors, it remains largely unknown which genetic backgrounds could affect or predict the clinical response of patients. Trials integrating pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetics research are necessary to better evaluate the clinical benefit of metronomic chemotherapy
Soiling Detection Investigation in Solar Irradiance Sensors Systems
No full textDirt deposition on solar irradiance measurement instruments can lead to errors in radiationmeasurements and, as a result, in incorrect energy production management issues. Climate and meteorological conditions may affect in different way the deposition process and thus, soiling severity and type are geographical and time-dependent. To investigate the soiling impact, here we describe a methodology that allows estimating the effect of dirt deposition on solar irradiance measurement systems, e.g., pyrheliometer. The methodology relies on the evaluation of a soiling index, based on pyranometer data measurements and it has been in field validated, using a solar irradiance measurement system deployed at ENEA Research Center of Portici. The results show that, under suitable assumptions, the computed index may be used to obtain a reasonable estimation of soiling effect
S. A. L. V. O.: Towards a Smart Personal Protective Equipment
No full textThe necessity to improve safety on work places, is an impressive driver for advances in the field of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Such devices are fundamental to avoid the worker getting hurt during hazardous operations in a work environment. This work presents a prototype of a wearable smart PPE (also called sensor node) equipped with chemical and physical sensors. In particular the sensor node includes particulate, VOC, O2, CO2, CO, sensors and offers the possibility to transmit over LORA network a report to enable an alarm protocol. With the aid of such a device the worker will result always connected to a sentinel network that will continuously monitor him/her in order to guarantee his/her safety. The node has enough computational power so as to implement a Real Time Locating System and Artificial Intelligence algorithms that can interpret some poses or gestures of the worker, correlate them with the location and, in case, recognize and classify them as dangerous. The whole architecture of the system will be presented together with some details on the hardware and software architecture
Metronomic Chemotherapy; pharmacology and clinical applications.
No full textThis book analyzes all aspects of metronomic
chemotherapy, a new approach involving
low-dose, long-term, and frequently administered
therapy that has preclinical and clinical
activity in various tumors. After an opening
section on the pharmacological bases
of metronomic chemotherapy, including its
antiangiogenic effects and impact on immunity,
preclinical studies on various classes of
drug are discussed. Clinical applications of
metronomic chemotherapy in a wide variety
of tumors are then addressed in detail, with
description of the results of all published
studies. The clinical pharmacology of metronomic
chemotherapy is also considered in
depth, encompassing pharmacokinetics,
pharmacogenetics, pharmacoeconomics,
and adverse drug reactions. The book closes
by describing the role of this therapy in the
veterinarian clinic
Chemical sensors and biosensors in Italy: A review of the 2015 literature
No full textThe contributions of Italian researchers to sensor research in 2015 is reviewed. The analysis of the activities in one year allows one to obtain a snapshot of the Italian scenario capturing the main directions of the research activities. Furthermore, the distance of more than one year makes meaningful the bibliometric analysis of the reviewed papers. The review shows a research community distributed among different scientific disciplines, from chemistry, physics, engineering, and material science, with a strong interest in collaborative works. © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
On the cost of photovoltaic electricity for small residential plants in the European Union
No full textThe substantial decrease in the cost of photovoltaic panels has made this renewable source of energy competitive with respect to conventional sources. As a result grid parity seems now within reach in many member states of the European Union. This paper tries to make an assessment of the actual cost of photovoltaic electricity in each country of the Union using the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) as the benchmark to compare with the actual price of electric energy. It is found that nowadays grid parity is effectively an issue in several different countries of the Union and that suitable supporting measures, apart from the Feed-In Tariff (FIT), could be used to further support the diffusion of this type of energy
PV Large Utility Visual Inspection via Unmanned Vehicles
No full textThe robotics for Inspection and Maintenance (I&M) was introduced decades ago. Increasing their technologies, they were more and more used in more complex scenarios, thanks also to the legged robots able to move on uneven terrain as well as drones always more autonomous. Energy production plants were investigated in this paper, to evaluate how is the suitability for autonomous I&M; that’s matter of facts, that, until now, robotic based inspection of photovoltaic systems was considered only as one of the possible I&M strategies feasible for this category of energy systems. In this work, the advantages of autonomous inspection systems for large photovoltaic systems are discussed by connecting them to the specific characteristics of a large photovoltaic utility plant. The objective is to highlight that, based on a large investigation, in the case of photovoltaic energy, robotic inspection is a necessity rather than an option
The effect of technological innovations on the cost of the photovoltaic electricity
No full textThe cost of photovoltaic systems has strongly decreased in the past years and, correspondingly, also the cost of this form of electric energy is now near the parity in many countries. This paper examines the new trends of technological development of the PV module in comparison with the classical silicon based technology in terms of their possible impact on the Levelized Cost of Photovoltaic Energy. Surprisingly enough it is found that R&D mainly focused at decreasing installation costs will play a major role in the next years to help a wider diffusion of the PV plants. © 2015 IEEE
The Development of Sensor Applications in the Sectors of Energy and Environment in Italy, 1976–2015
No full textAlthough sensor technologies have been developing quite similarly all over the world, the investigation of their applications has been more affected by the specific industrial and economic characteristics of each country. This paper aims to investigate the development of applications based on sensor devices in the sectors of energy and the environment, in Italy, throughout the last forty years (1976–2015), examining the most relevant papers published by Italian R & D groups working in this field. Italy depends on foreign imports for more than 80% of its primary energy needs, and this has directed the research effort on the development of sensor applications both to improve load shaping and consumers’ awareness and to develop specific equipment to maximize renewable energy production. Similarly, for the environment sector, there are increasing efforts to develop solutions to support a more and more capillary control of the environment itself using a cooperative approach. In both the sectors it seems that the solutions proposed can help to relieve the structural problems that Italy suffers and that the scientific and technical results obtained so far also have significant international relevance
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