1,721,004 research outputs found
Un giorno alla volta, un'ora alla volta
No full textIl volume, nato un’idea di Daniele Di Benedetto e Marianna Bruno, e realizzato a cura dell’Associazione Sanfilippo Fighters Odv, racconta le storie meravigliose dei bambini e dei ragazzi affetti dalla Mucopolisaccaridosi di tipo III, meglio nota come Sinfrome di Sanfilippo, una malattia rara ereditaria con insorgenza pediatrica che causa una progressiva e inesorabile degenerazione neurologica con perdita delle capacità motorie e rapido deterioramento cognitivo (capacità di apprendimento e di comunicazione). Come si legge in quarta di copertina del volume, il libro racconta «Storie di parole acquisite e poi dimenticate. Storie di corse al parco che diventano passi lenti e incerti. Storie di bambini e adolescenti capaci di sorridere, anche solo con gli occhi. Storie di un futuro preso con forza e portato via. Storie di una vita vissuta un giorno alla volta, un’ora alla volta.»
Prefazione di Alessandro Fraldi. Con un testo di Gabriele Cirilli. L'immagine di copertina è di Federica Di Stefano. L’acquisto del libro sostiene le attività dell’Associazione Sanfilippo Fighters Odv
Protein Aggregation and Dysfunction of Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway: A Vicious Cycle in Lysosomal Storage Diseases
No full textMany neurodegenerative conditions are characterized by the deposition of protein aggregates (mainly amyloid-like) in the central nervous system (CNS). In post-mitotic CNS cells protein aggregation causes cytotoxicity by interfering with various cellular functions. Mutations in different genes may directly cause protein aggregation. However, genetic factors together with aging may contribute to the onset of protein aggregation also by affecting cellular degradative functions, in particular the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Increasing body of evidence show that ALP dysfunction and protein aggregation are functionally interconnected and induce each other during neurodegenerative processes. We will summarize the findings supporting these concepts by focusing on lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a class of metabolic inherited conditions characterized by global lysosomal dysfunction and often associated to a severe neurodegenerative course. We propose a model by which the inherited lysosomal defects initiate aggregate-prone protein deposition, which, in turns, worsen ALP degradation function, thus generating a vicious cycle, which boost neurodegenerative cascades
Protein aggregation and autophagy dysfunction: new lessons from mucopolysaccharidoses
No full textMucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are inherited metabolic diseases with strong neurological involvement. MPSs are caused by defects in lysosomal enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which consequently accumulate into the lysosomes as primary storage. Macroautophagy/autophagy impairment is well known to drive neurodegeneration in MPSs, however, mechanisms underlying such dysfunction are still poorly understood. Recently, by studying a mouse model for MPS-III (Sanfilippo syndrome) we have shown that the progressive aggregation of amyloid proteins in neuronal cell bodies occurs downstream of the GAG storage and, in turn, impairs the autophagy pathway by affecting lysosomal-dependent autophagosome clearanc
Brain Targeting in MPS-IIIA
No full textMucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS-IIIA) is a childhood metabolic neuropathology caused by the inherited deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme sulfamidase and is characterized by the accumulation of undegraded glycosaminoglycans in the lysosomes of cells and tissues of affected patients. MPS-IIIA represents one of the most common forms of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and to date there is no cure. Since neurodegeneration is the most relevant pathological feature in MPS-IIIA patients, the treatment of the central nervous system (CNS) lesions represents the goal of any effective therapy for this devastating disorder. During the last years many advances have been made in developing and testing new therapies for brain involvement in MPS-IIIA. These studies have been possible because of the availability of mouse and dog models that recapitulate the MPS-IIIA neuropathological features. Some of these approaches are based on direct CNS administration routes through which the therapeutic molecules access the CNS via the parenchyma (intracerebral injections) or via the cerebrospinal fluid (intraventricular/intrathecal injections). These approaches are highly invasive and poorly suited for clinical use. Minimally invasive approaches are based on systemic injections into the blood stream of therapeutics capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review will present the background of the clinic and pathology aspects of MPS-IIIA and will describe the current MPS-IIIA preclinical and clinical studies focusing on how a systemic therapeutic strategy based on crossing the BBB has been successfully used to treat CNS pathology and behavioral abnormalities in a mouse model of MPS-IIIA. Future clinical applications of this approach to MPS-IIIA patients will be also discussed together with the possibility of using similar strategies in other LSDs with neurological involvement
Distinct regions of cyclinT1 are required for binding to CDK9 and for recruitment to the HIV-1 Tat/TAR complex.
No full textLysosomal storage diseases as disorders of autophagy
No full textThe cellular turnover of proteins and organelles requires cooperation between the autophagic and the lysosomal degradation pathways. A crucial step in this process is the fusion of the autophagosome with the lysosome. In our study we demonstrate that in Lysosomal Storage Disorders (LSDs) accumulation of undegraded substrates in lysosomes, due to deficiency of specific lysosomal enzymes, impairs the fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes. This, in turn, leads to a progressive accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated protein aggregates and of dysfunctional mitochondria. These findings suggest that neurodegeneration in LSDs may share some mechanisms with late-onset neurodegenerative disorders in which the accumulation of protein aggregates is a prominent feature
Brain Disorders Due to Lysomal Dysfunction
No full textRecent studies of autophagic and lysosomal pathways have significantly changed our understanding of lysosomes; once thought to be simple degradative and recycling centers, lysosomes are actually organelles capable of influencing signal transduction, via the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), and regulating gene expression, via transcription factor EB (TFEB) and other transcription factors. These pathways are particularly relevant to maintaining brain homeostasis, as dysfunction of the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways has been associated with common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, and lysosomal storage disorders, a group of inherited disorders characterized by the intralysosomal buildup of partially degraded metabolites. This review focuses on the cellular biology of lysosomes and discusses the possible mechanisms by which disruption of their function contributes to neurodegeneration. We also review and discuss how targeting TFEB and lysosomes may offer innovative therapeutic approaches for treating a wide range of neurological conditions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience Volume 39 is July 08, 2016. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pubdates.aspx for revised estimates
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