45 research outputs found
Metodologia UAV-based per la quantificazione delle emissioni fuggitive di CH4 a livello di sito
No full textNegli ultimi anni, il cambiamento climatico e le emissioni di gas serra, in particolare il metano (CH4), hanno ricevuto crescente attenzione. Il metano è un gas serra potente, con un potenziale di riscaldamento globale 85 volte superiore a quello dell'anidride carbonica. Le principali fonti antropiche di emissioni di CH4 includono gli allevamenti, le discariche e gli impianti Oil & Gas, il che rende necessario sviluppare metodi di monitoraggio efficaci.
Il lavoro presentato propone un approccio innovativo per la quantificazione delle emissioni di CH4 utilizzando un sensore TDLAS (Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy) montato su drone. Questo metodo combina l’accuratezza della spettroscopia con la mobilità dei droni, mirando a superare i limiti dei metodi attuali, caratterizzati da scarsa risoluzione spaziale e temporale.
Il primo capitolo del lavoro introduce le problematiche legate al monitoraggio delle emissioni di CH4, evidenziando le limitazioni dei metodi esistenti e l'importanza di unire approcci bottom-up e top-down per migliorare la qualità dei dati. Il secondo capitolo espone gli obiettivi della ricerca, che punta a fornire stime più precise attraverso una tecnologia alternativa, impiegando un drone multi-rotore dotato di sensore TDLAS orientato verso il suolo. Questo approccio si distingue per la sua capacità di affrontare le limitazioni operative di altre metodologie UAV.
Nel terzo capitolo viene effettuata una revisione della letteratura sui metodi UAV-based per la stima delle emissioni di CH4, analizzando la scelta del drone, le tecnologie sensoriali e le metodologie di campionamento. Vengono discussi sia i punti di forza che le criticità di approcci esistenti. Il quarto capitolo descrive la metodologia sviluppata, presentando il modello fisico e concettuale del bilancio di massa e i test condotti in vari siti, tra cui una discarica e tre allevamenti di bovini.
Il quinto capitolo discute i risultati ottenuti, analizzando fattori che influiscono sull'accuratezza delle stime e confrontando metodi differenti. Si esaminano dati chiave come il flusso stimato di CH4 e l'accuratezza delle stime in relazione a diverse condizioni ambientali. Infine, il sesto capitolo riassume i risultati principali, evidenziando punti di forza e limiti della metodologia, e suggerendo direzioni future per la ricerca.
In conclusione, questo studio sottolinea l'importanza di metodi innovativi per la quantificazione delle emissioni di CH4, evidenziando come l'uso di tecnologie avanzate possa migliorare il monitoraggio ambientale. Le prospettive future offrono opportunità per affinare ulteriormente le tecniche di rilevamento e contribuire alla lotta contro il cambiamento climatico. I risultati ottenuti finora costituiscono una base solida per sviluppare un futuro più sostenibile, stimolando ulteriori ricerche per ottimizzare le tecniche di monitoraggio delle emissioni di CH4.In recent years, climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, particularly methane (CH4), have received increasing attention. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential 85 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. The main anthropogenic sources of CH4 emissions include livestock farming, landfills, and oil and gas facilities, making it essential to develop effective monitoring methods.
The work presented proposes an innovative approach for quantifying CH4 emissions using a TDLAS (Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy) sensor mounted on a drone. This method combines the accuracy of spectroscopy with the mobility of drones, aiming to overcome the limitations of current methods, which are characterised by poor spatial and temporal resolution.
The first chapter of the work introduces the issues related to monitoring CH4 emissions, highlighting the limitations of existing methods and the importance of combining bottom-up and top-down approaches to improve data quality. The second chapter outlines the research objectives, which aim to provide more accurate estimates through an alternative technology, employing a multi-rotor drone equipped with a downward-facing TDLAS sensor. This approach stands out for its ability to address the operational limitations of other UAV methodologies.
The third chapter conducts a literature review on UAV-based methods for estimating CH4 emissions, analysing the choice of drone, sensing technologies, and sampling methodologies. Both the strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches are discussed. The fourth chapter describes the developed methodology, presenting the physical and conceptual model of the mass balance and the tests conducted at various sites, including a landfill and three cattle farms.
The fifth chapter discusses the results obtained, analysing factors that influence the accuracy of the estimates and comparing different methods. Key data such as the estimated CH4 flux and the accuracy of the estimates under various environmental conditions are examined. Finally, the sixth chapter summarises the main findings, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the methodology, and suggesting future directions for research.
In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of innovative methods for quantifying CH4 emissions, emphasising how the use of advanced technologies can enhance environmental monitoring. Future prospects offer opportunities to further refine detection techniques and contribute to the fight against climate change. The results obtained thus far provide a solid foundation for developing a more sustainable future, stimulating further research to optimise CH4 emissions monitoring techniques
Progress in monitoring methane emisisons from landfill using drones: an overview of the last ten years
No full textSolid waste landfills are responsible for much of the anthropogenic methane emitted from the waste sector. The quantification of fugitive CH4 emissions from a landfill is to date characterised by high uncertainty and several methodologies have been devised to estimate emission fluxes. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs, also known as drones) are revolutionising the way CH4 emission monitoring is conceived and offer new opportunities for quantifying emission fluxes from a landfill, mainly due to recent advances in sensor miniaturisation that make these instruments lighter and more suitable to be equipped on a drone. The paper analyses publications from the period 2014–2024 that illustrate UAV-based methods that can be used for this purpose, identifying experiences in the field and the current state of research.
The review has highlighted a current research status characterised by a strong experimental focus, with few tests carried out in landfills under real emission conditions (33 % of the reviewed papers). Since 2018, there has een a growing interest in open-path sensors, tested in some controlled-release experiments according to different configurations which have given promising results, but experiences are limited and there are no ex- periments conducted directly in landfills. In general, the UAV-based methods identified by this systematic review are characterised by unclear uncertainties. Drones are a viable alternative to traditional monitoring methods at landfills and allow data to be acquired with a spatial and temporal resolution that can hardly be achieved by other low-cost methods. However, further studies and field trials are needed to better understand methodological aspects: especially the uncertainty of each step in the quantification process need to be properly analysed and quantified more precisely
Screening via drone di una discarica di RSU per la ricerca dei punti di emissione di metano
No full textI gestori delle discariche per ottemperare a quanto previsto dalla normativa vigente, hanno l’obbligo di predisporre un Piano di Sorveglianza e Controllo che definisca i provvedimenti da attuare per monitorare le emissioni, sia gassose che diffuse, provenienti dal corpo discarica. Nell’ambito di questi monitoraggi è previsto anche il controllo delle emissioni diffuse di metano contenuto in biogas di discarica, al fine di evidenziare difetti nel sistema di gestione dell’impianto di suzione e trattamento del biogas, evidenziare hotspot emissivi derivanti da ammaloramento dello strato di capping o comunque sottolineare criticità sulle quali intervenire. Tale monitoraggio prevede differenti fasi tra cui il walkover survey, tradizionalmente condotto con l’ausilio di strumentazione FID, tale fase risulta tanto importante per un primo screening della situazione emissiva quanto difficoltosa da applicare specialmente rispetto ai tempi necessari per poter scansionare un interno sito discarica. Il fattore temporale infatti è il principale ostativo ad una sistematicità nell’effettuare questo tipo di indagini. Il presente lavoro mostra come i droni, equipaggiati con apposita sensoristica e adoperati secondo specifiche progettuali ben definite, possano ritenersi un valido supporto proprio per l’attività di walkover survey. La corretta applicazione delle metodiche drone based, basata su precisi workflow, garantisce inoltre che l’output prodotto possa essere innanzitutto corretto dal punto di vista tecnico scientifico e soprattutto sia perfettamente utilizzabile per lo scopo previsto
Impronta climatica (CFP) in conformità alla norma ISO 14067 – 2018 dell’olio extra vergine di oliva imbottigliato da Assoproli Bari
No full textIl presente lavoro descrive i risultati e gli aspetti salienti tecnico- scientifici dello studio di Carbon Footprint (CFP) dell’olio extra vergine di oliva imbottigliato dell’Associazione Assoproli Bari (anno 2021) conformemente alla norma UNI EN ISO 14067:2019. Lo studio è stato effettuato da una spin-off accademica accreditata dell’Università degli studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”. I risultati, oltre a mostrare l’impronta di carbonio del prodotto oggetto di studio, descrivono quali sono le macro-fasi più inquinanti in termini di GWP distinto nelle sue tipologie. In generale, il valore di GWP ottenuto per l’olio extravergine di oliva imballato in bag in box per L di olio risulta inferiore a molti valori pubblicati da altri produttori ed ottenuti con la stessa metodica, ossia tramite l’applicazione delle PCR dell’EPD che ha condotto a dichiarazioni pubblicate. In particolare, risulta inferiore sia il valore della fase agricola che quello degli imballaggi. Infine, sono state indicate strategie per il miglioramento sia della qualità dei dati che dell’impatto climatico effettivo della filier
Razzismo e antisemitismo: segni della modernità ambivalente
No full textThe article analyzes Niccolò Zapponi’s interpretation of the nature, the spread and the
roots of the seduction of racist and anti-Semitic myths in contemporary Europe. The author
underlines how, thanks to the influence of several scholars’ works, Zapponi considered the
myths of the race and the myths and prejudices against the Jews as tools able to clarify
broader tendencies in contemporary age. In his opinion, they revealed the rootedness in modern
culture of a general mentality pervaded by a deep sense of religious and apocalyptical
myth, both needed by the Europeans in order to give a sense and an accurate order to the
upsetting transformations produced by modernity. In this way, the author argues that Zapponi
was able to connect his work with some of the most original historiographical tendencies oriented
to analyze and understand the myths with the emergence of mass politics and to show
the palingenetic and ambivalent nature of modernit
The GRINS Project for the development of Life Cycle Inventory databases of beef cattle raised in Italy: preliminary results of the statistical dataset
No full textAs part of the activity of the Extended Partnership "Economic-financial sustainability of systems and territories" (GRINS Spoke 1 Project, WP3), this work aims to propose datasets concerning the beef cattle breeding specific for the Italian territory. This arises from the requirement to fill the absolute lack of data representative of cattle farming in Italy, in term of specific cattle breed, agricultural crops and breeding practices. Numerous studies highlight beef production's significant contribution to agricultural emissions of climate-altering compounds and the exploitation of natural resources. These systems are recognized for their role in emitting climate-altering, acidifying, and eutrophying compounds, while depleting natural resources. Livestock beef cattle accounts for 14.5% of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, with enteric fermentation and manure management as key contributors. Emission shares vary regionally, influenced by agricultural and breeding practices as well as geographical factors. Finally, optimal feed ratios and appropriate stable management play a key role for mitigating the environmental impact of cattle breeding, affecting water and soil us
Gino Germani, Renzo De Felice e le interpretazioni del fascismo a partire dagli anni Sessanta
No full textRenzo De Felice and Gino Germani were two of the most important scholars of
fascism. 100 years after the march on Rome and with the term of fascism back at
the center of media and political debate, the article analyses the contribution provided
by the two scholars, highlighting some elements of their scientific collaboration.
The author places De Felice and Germani’s work within the international debate
that emerged since the 1960s about the characteristics and boundaries of generic
fascism. He stresses not only the dialogue between the two Italian scholars
with the international research on fascism but also shows that the latter has confirmed
ideas, suggestions, and interpretations suggested by De Felice and Germani’s
works. The author concludes by stating that in recent years a new historiographic
trend influenced by postcolonial theory and transnational studies has
emerged, which ends to move away from the interpretations provided since the
1960s and tends to blur again the contours of the fascist phenomenon (both spatially
and temporally), diluting its peculiarities and individuality, and thus reinserting
fascism in the macro group of authoritarian and anti-democratic regimes
A racist and anti-semitic romanità. The racial laws of 1938 and the Institute of Roman Studies
No full textThis article offers a close reading of the initiatives following the racial laws promoted by the Institute of
Roman Studies, an institution operating in synergy with the political culture and imperial ambitions of the fascist regime
by supporting and influencing its rhetoric of romanità and the use of symbols and myths of the “Third Rome”. Refusing
the interpretation of racial laws as a temporary phase of Italian history completely alien to the country’s cultural context,
the article underlines how 1938 fits into and can be reinserted into the general interpretation of the Institute of Roman
Studies’ initiatives. Furthermore, it analyses the consequences of the racial legislation on the staff and collaborators
employed by the Institute. The author shows that the racial laws represent an additional element of the attempt of some
distinguished intellectuals to find a synthesis between the sacralisation of politics and the politicisation of religion through
the myth of Rome. Spreading and trying to strengthen the national-roman version of racism, the author underlines that
the Institute of Roman Studies was in the first line to shaping an interpretation that, influenced by the Catholic antimodern
thought, was no more moderate or less responsible for the persecution of the Jews than other more revolutionary
positions inside the fascism. In fact, this interpretation made the concept of the Italian race even more acceptable in public
opinion, strengthening and rooting it in the history and greatness of Italian civilisation throughout the centuries. Finally,
the article stresses that the racial laws were a crucial moment of shaping the fascist anthropological revolution, totally
supported by an Institute fully engaged in the middle of the battle for the nationalization of the masses fought by the
regime and the Catholic Church between the wars
La Shoah e la disputa tra intenzionalismo e funzionalismo. A proposito di un recente libro di Hans Mommse
No full textAfter a brief review of the main interpretatives trends of Shoah, the article underlines how, although the Mommsen’s study shows well the articulate realization of the extermination of the jews, nevertheless it doesn’t explain clearly the link between Shoah and Nazi ideology. The author asserts infact that in the Mommsen’s work is completely underestimated the fundamental role of Nazi ideology and its aspect of secular religion to understand the extermination of the jews. Using again the George L. Mosse’s thesis, the author argues that Nazism seized the power thanks to its messianic ideology, which considered the reality like an apocalyptical struggle between the Good (the Nazi ideology) and the Evil (the Jewish race). Therefore the fate of the jews was marked since 1933 and the war provided the background to realize the final reckonin
George L. Mosse e gli storici italiani: il problema della "nazionalizzazione delle masse"
No full textThe article reconstructs the reception of the Mosse’s book The Nationalization of the Masses in Italy starting from its publication in 1975. The author underlines how the arguments of the book, were overlooked and refused, until the second half of the ’80s, by a great part of Italian historians as an attempt of rehabilitation of Fascism. On the contrary, its importance and its originality were immediatly understood by Renzo De Felice and the group of young scholars bound to the journal «Storia contemporanea». The article shows how, from the end of the ’80s, Mosse’s book was progressively rediscovered, becoming fashionable and influencing the research about Fascism, sacralization of politics and invention of tradition. Nevertheless the author argues that, although this growing success, Mosse’s reception remained partly ambivalen
