85 research outputs found
Chemical-physical characteristics of artificial saliva substitutes: rheological evaluation
No full textObjective: We aimed at evaluating some chemical-physical properties of artificial saliva substitutes easily available on the E.U. market, such as viscosity, pH, buffering capacity, superficial tension, density and spinnbarkeit and to compare the results with human natural saliva bibliographic data. Materials and methods: Based on the easy availability on the market, twelve artificial saliva solutions in liquid formulation were analyzed. Kinematic viscosity (cSt) was determined using a micro-Ubbelohde model capillary viscosimeter (ViscoClock, SCHOOT-GERATE Mainz, Germany). Dynamic viscosity (mPas) was determined, through a simple multiplication between density (g/cm3) and kinematic viscosity of each solution. pH analyses were carried out at room temperature using a pH-meter (Mettler Toledo®- Five Easy, Columbus, OH, USA). Spinnbarkeit analysis was performed by a self-owned instrument built for the purpose. Results: The median density value, obtained from the cohort of artificial saliva substitutes, was 1.036 g/cm3. The median value of the kinematic viscosity was 8.984 cSt. The median spinnbarkeit value was 3.2 mm and the median pH value was 6.29. In this study we found an almost linear correlation between the kinematic viscosity and spinnbarkeit values of the artificial saliva substitutes evaluated. Conclusions: Saliva substitutes should be as faithful as possible to the characteristics of human saliva, in order to completely replace its functions in the oral cavity. Nevertheless, despite several R&D efforts, it is difficult to reproduce all the different features that belongs to natural saliva in one device. Therefore, it would be desirable to create more products reproducing saliva with various rheological characteristics in respect of the main salivary functions such as: chewing, speaking and tissue coating
Determination of breath alcohol value after using mouthwashes containing ethanol in healthy young adults.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To evaluate breath alcohol value and blood alcohol concentration after using mouthwashes containing ethanol in a panel of healthy young adults. To determine zeroing time of these values and if subjects’ body mass index or gender influenced it. Breathalyzer test is a practice performed to detect alcohol-impaired-drivers that can be penalized. Sometimes Italian judges revoke the penalty justifying that the presence of residual ethanol in the oral cavity can cause false positive values.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our study involved 40 young adult volunteers; the cohort was composed of University students aged between 21 and 30 years. They underwent a medical examination to evaluate BMI. We selected four alcoholic mouthwashes available on the market with a different ethanol amount and an ethanol/ water (10/90) mixture as a reference. Breath alcohol concentration values were collected using a portable breathalyzer immediately after the rinse (T0), after 10 and 20 minutes (T10 and T20). We evaluated blood alcohol concentration 5 minutes after the rinse. RESULTS: All T10 values are lower than 0.5 g/L (Italian BAC driving limit). Differences between average values at T0-T10 are statistically significant (p < 0.05). Correlations between BAV and BMI are not statistically significant respectively at T0 (A: p = 0.54. B: p = 0.96. C: p = 0.93. D: p = 0.53) and T10 (A: p = 0.42. C: p = 0.99. D: p = 0.66). Differences between male and female groups aren’t statistically significant (A: p = 0.49; B: p = 0.79; C: p = 0.97; D: p = 0.06).
CONCLUSIONS: High BAV values determined at T-0 are a consequence of residual ethanol present in the oral cavity, the zeroing time of these ones is very swift. Our study shows that rinsing with an alcoholic mouthwash before undergoing the breathalyzer test does not realistically influence the result
Determinazione di flow rate e pH su 984 campioni di whole saliva non stimolata.
No full textScopo del lavoro è stato determinare su 984 campioni salivari prelevati in adulti sani il valore del flow rate (F.R.) e del pH e le loro variazioni in relazione ad età, sesso, indice di massa corporea (B.M.I.), fumo, stagione e orario di prelievo.
Materiali e metodi
Campione, composto da 67 soggetti clinicamente sani, di età compresa tra i 18 e i 47 anni (24 ♂, 43 ♀), 42 non fumatori. I prelievi salivari sono stati effettuati con metodica “spitting”, durata 8 minuti.
Risultati
Il F.R. medio rilevato è stato 0.598 ml/min ± 0.294. Il F.R. delle femmine è risultato maggiore di quello dei maschi (+0.064 ml/min, p-value = 0.001), quello dei fumatori maggiore di quello dei non fumatori (+0.044 ml/min, p-value = 0.024). La differenza di F.R. è risultata massima tra estate ed autunno (+0.067 ml/min, p-value = 0.046) e tra le 9.00 e le 17.00 (+0.071 ml/min, p-value = 0.037).
Il pH medio rilevato è stato 6.98 ± 0.28. Il pH è risultato più alto nei maschi (+0.21, p-value < 0.001) e nei fumatori (+0.14, p-value < 0.001). La differenza di pH è risultata massima tra estate ed autunno (+0.07, p-value = 0.05) e tra le 9.00 e le 17.00 (+0.09, p-value = 0.002)
Conclusioni
Il F.R. e, in minor misura, il pH salivare hanno un’elevata volubilità, attribuibile a diverse variabili interpersonali, la maggior parte ancora ignote
Daily and annually variation of unstimulated whole saliva flow rate and ph and their relation with body profile in healthy young adults.
No full textAIM:
To analyse pH and flow rate (FR) of unstimulated whole saliva (UWS), detecting their possible correlations both among themselves and with body profile; in addition to identify daily, annually and gender differences.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Eighty-one (47 ?; 34 ?) healthy young adults (mean age 22.7±4.09 years old) were enrolled. Saliva was sampled using spitting method. The data were statistically analysed using Pearson's coefficient, ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, Student's t test or the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.
RESULTS:
The mean UWS/FR was 0.643 ml/min (range 0.164-1.656 ml/min; percentile 25 = 0.400 ml/min; percentile 50 = 0.643 ml/min, percentile 75 = 0.832 ml/min; median = 0.590 ml/min) and no significant differences were found in gender. The mean UWS/pH was 6.95 (range 6.06-7.91, S.D. 0.28, RSD % 4.08): pH was higher in males (7.02) than females (6.92; p = 0.009). The UWS/FR increased almost steadily during the day: from 0.593 ml/min at 9:00 to 0.669 ml/min at 17:00 (p = 0.04), the greatest increase was found between 9:00 and 11:00. Through the seasons the UWS/FR decreased from summer to spring with a difference of 0.048 ml/min (p < 0.05). The UWS/pH showed a slight increase between 9:00 and 17:00 (p < 0.05). There were little differences in UWS/pH among the seasons (max. 0.09; p < 0.05). Only a significant correlation between UWS/FR and pH was found (R = 0.20; p = 0.008).
CONCLUSIONS:
We did not find correlations between body profile vs UWS/FR or pH. UWS/FR varies more widely than UWS/pH: maintaining a proper acid/base balance is an essential factor for the homeostasis of the oral cavity and probably this would explain the reason for the lack of the variables evaluated influencing UWS/pH
“Flow rate e ph salivare in un campione di 50 pazienti con lesioni orali
No full textScopo del lavoro è stato comparare i valori di F.R. e pH salivare di pazienti affetti da lesioni orali con quelli di un campione di soggetti sani.
Valore medio F.R. del campione sano è risultato di 0,579 mentre quello del campione patologico di 0,334 (differenza 0,245 – p-value<0,0001).
Valore medio pH del campione sano è risultato di 6,69 mentre quello del campione patologico di 6,70 (differenza 0,29 – p-value<0,0001)
I valori medi di F.R. e pH risultano essere inferiori nel campione patologico. Questa differenza risulta essere statisticamente estremamente significativa
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