1,720,965 research outputs found
AI & Smart Tunnel: Improving road tunnel resilience by dynamic and predictive risk analysis
No full textSmart Tunnels and Dynamic Risk Analysis
No full textItaly has an extraordinary formation of its terrain varying from mountains to plains. In order to have an accessible land connection throughout the country that will facilitate the flow of people and goods, the importance of tunnels in road transportation network enters the scene.
After the accidents occurred between 1999 and 2001 in Mont Blanc tunnel, Tauern tunnel and St. Gotthard tunnel, safety started to be contemplated as a holistic approach. These events have become a critical issue for politicians and for public, pushing the European Commission to establish the Directive 2004/54/EC, that specifically tackles the safety in road tunnels in TERN (Trans-European Road Network) and aims to guarantee a minimum level of safety to the tunnel users.
In Italy, the European Directive was implemented through the Legislative Decree n.264 of the 5th October 2006, with the purpose of guaranteeing a minimum and sufficient safety level for users in all TERN tunnels, defining a series of minimum safety requirements to be implemented in all tunnels longer than 500 m.
The complexity of an underground structure – environment, planning and construction, safety design, operation and management procedures, etc. – and the fast technological advancement have led to the concept of the “tunnel system”.
Due to the accidental events, the European political response and the engineering technique, safety in tunnels has become a central and complex issue involving:
-Users’ behavior in emergency situations;
-Infrastructure characteristics (construction typology, escape routes, portals, etc.);
-Operational characteristics, such as type and functioning of the equipment installed, including safety measures (fire prevention, ventilation, lighting, etc.).
Technological innovations have led to the tunnel concept evolution from civil works to technological infrastructure, where the installed technology overcomes the geometric-functional limits, increasing its operating capacity.
The Smart Tunnel idea comes from the achievement of Industry 4.0, in which there is a strong industrial automation that integrates the most innovative technologies (integrated memories, wireless sensors, integrated actuators and intelligent software), in order to improve the operating and safety conditions and increase the equipment productivity and quality.
The Smart Tunnel allows optimal tunnel management during operation and in emergency situations thanks to the installation of traditional and technological sensors and the real-time assessment of tunnels’ safety level, as a function of climatic conditions, traffic data and equipment state, in accordance with the Legislative Decree 264/06.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the fundamental principles of SCADRA (Supervisory Control Acquisition and Dynamic Risk Analysis) system, developed and implemented thanks to EURAM methodology and software, which assessed the risk of over 600 Italian road tunnel tubes according to the Legislative Decree 264/06.
The SCADRA system was installed in three Italian road tunnels, executing over 130,000 instantaneous risk analyses in real situations and this report illustrates the main results and the considerations that can be drawn for a correct tunnel management during normal operation and emergency situations.
SCADRA system continuously monitors the tunnel state by collecting the variables that can influence the tunnel safety conditions (equipment and structures state, traffic data and environmental parameters) and performing a dynamic risk analysis, quantitative and probabilistic, at regular intervals or due to sudden change in the gathered data. If the level of risk grows towards the unacceptability threshold or in case of anomalous situations (traffic flows increase, equipment deterioration, etc.), SCADRA envisages activating or signaling the safety measures necessary to achieve the safety level required.
This paper aims to present and comment the most significant results obtained and to identify possible future developments, in terms of tunnels’ safety improvement and conservation and tunnels’ maintenance and management.
The SCADRA system is therefore a supplementary prevention and safety measure for the tunnels management, both during normal operation and in emergency conditions, capable of guaranteeing real-time monitoring of the tunnel risk level
Improving road tunnel resilience by dynamic risk analysis
No full textDue to the accidental events occurred in Mont Blanc, Tauern and St. Gotthard tunnels, the European political response and the engineering technique, safety in tunnels has become a central and complex issue involving: users’ behavior, infrastructure characteristics (construction typology, escape routes, portals), and operational characteristics, such as type and functioning of the equipment installed, including safety measures (fire prevention, ventilation, lighting).
The complexity of an underground structure – environment, planning and construction, safety design, operation and management procedures – and the fast technological advancement have led to the concept of the “tunnel system”. Technological innovations have led to the tunnel concept evolution from civil works to technological infrastructure, where the installed technology overcomes the geometric-functional limits, increasing its operating capacity.
The Smart Tunnel idea comes from the achievement of Industry 4.0, in which there is a strong industrial automation that integrates the most innovative technologies in order to improve the operating and safety conditions and increase the equipment productivity and quality. Smart Tunnel allows optimal tunnel management during operation and in emergency situations thanks to the installation of traditional and technological sensors and the real-time assessment of tunnels’ safety level, as a function of climatic conditions, traffic data and equipment state, in accordance with the European and Italian law.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the fundamental principles of SCADRA (Supervisory Control Acquisition and Dynamic Risk Analysis) system, developed and implemented thanks to EURAM methodology and software, which assessed the risk of over 600 Italian road tunnel tubes
Dynamic Risk Analysis and Energy Saving in Tunnels
No full textThe technological innovation of systems in tunnels allows to reach high levels not only in energy efficiency but also in safety, where the legislation requires safety measures based on systematic considerations of all aspects of the system (infrastructure, operations, users, vehicles).In many existent tunnels, some structural safety measures could be implemented only through technical solutions with a disproportionate cost because of difficulties due to old infrastructures, unfavorable orographic situation or tunnels in sequence in wich simultaneously road works could cause a paralysis of traffic with unbearable economic and social costs. Therefore, a new layout of the SCADA system, able to perform a Dynamic Risk Analysis (DRA), has been developed to achieve immediate and effective benefits through the implementation of operational measures in Smart Tunnels in which advanced systems and sensors are installed. DRA can be associated with Energy Management Analysis (EMA) in order to perfectly fits within the "Industry 4.0" new European approach: through low costs it is possible to know real time what happens inside the tunnel, the environmental conditions, traffic data and system status (Smart Production), to apply operational measures in order to ensure the safety required (Smart Services) and to operate in energy saving mode whenever possible (Smart Energy)
Progetto della sicurezza per le gallerie stradali e decreto di recepimento della direttiva europea
No full text
Smart tunnel and dynamic risk analysis
No full textThe paper proposes an innovative system of supervision and data acquisition, oriented to fire safety through a dynamic risk analysis, called SCADRA (Supervisory Control and Dynamic Risk Analysis). SCADRA achieves operation and management benefits for safety, functionality and energy optimization, by means of dynamic control and monitoring measures. A 'Smart Tunnel' can be defined as a model where technical systems are designed and installed in an advanced way, by using digital components and sensors. SCADRA has been developed to offer a complete tool (human machine interface HMI) for real time monitoring of tunnel safety by tunnel operators, integrated with the innovative dynamic risk analysis. SCADRA offers compensatory and/or supplementary safety measures for emergency management and supports fire rescue teams that are operating in tunnel in which some requirements couldn't be realized
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