1,721,146 research outputs found
La sindrome del declino: note sulle celebrazioni del 2011
No full textL'articolo esamina aspetti e momenti delle celebrazioni del 150° anniversario dell'Unità d'ItaliaThe paper examines aspects and moments of the 150th anniversary of the unification of Ital
Guerra e tecnologia
No full textL'articolo illustra una serie di autori e filoni storiografici che negli ultimi decenni hanno investigato sul nesso tra guerra e tecnologi
Da Hiroshima all’11 settembre. Breve storia delle guerre contemporanee
No full textIl volume descrive e analizza i conflitti sorti dopo il 1945, dividendoli a seconda della tipologia (guerre fra Stati, guerriglie della decolonizzazione, conflitti della guerra fredda). Particolare attenzione viene dedicata anche alla corsa agli armamenti nucleari. Si tratta di un lavoro di sintesi che cerca di illustrare i risultati della più recente storiografia
Sulla teoria delle relazioni internazionali
No full textIl contributo esamina l'impatto del pensiero di Gramsci sull'evoluzione delle teorie sulle relazioni internazionali. Particolare attenzione è riservata all'emergere di una scuola neogramsciana in questo campo di studi, e alle sue diverse articolazioni interne e prospettive di ricerc
L’arma aerea nella seconda guerra mondiale: nodi problematici tra vecchi e nuovi studi
No full textIl saggio esamina le principali questioni storiografiche emerse intorno al tema delle operazioni aeree nel corso del secondo conflitto mondiale, alla luce in particolare degli studi più recenti. Specifica attenzione è dedicata al tema del coinvolgimento dei civili nei bombardamenti delle citt
Arvedi Laboratory of non-Invasive Diagnostics, Shining Examples
No full textFor the past 300 years, one of the most hotly debated subjects in lutherie circles has been the composition of the varnishes used by the master makers. Until very recently it has been virtually impossible to identify the various materials, as well as the luthiers’ techniques of applying varnish to the wood surface. The methods used to characterise such complex systems normally require both non-invasive and micro-invasive analytical techniques, to identify the substances and to understand how they are stratified. Recent research based at the University of Pavia’s Arvedi Laboratory of Non-Invasive Diagnostics, housed in Cremona’s Museo del Violino, has made significant headway in this regard. The research team utilised six large fragments of bowed stringed instruments, all of which had been removed during past restorations. Each has been attributed to an important violin maker: Gasparo da Salò (1542–1609) for which we had fragments from two instruments; Giovanni Paolo Maggini (c.1580–c.1630); Jacob Stainer (1619–83); Andrea Guarneri (1626–98); and Lorenzo Guadagnini (1685–1746). The fragments were individually scanned using Synchrotron Radiation micro-Computed Tomography (SRT) to give a non-invasive insight into their stratigraphies. These tomographic reconstructions, in conjunction with the results collected in previous micro-invasive investigations, have allowed us to outline a complete description of each multi-material coating system
Non-invasive identification of red and yellow oxide and sulfide pigments in wall-paintings with portable ER-FTIR spectroscopy
Get PDFScientific interest in analytical tools that enable reliable, repeatable, and rapid measurements without sampling is growing in the field of cultural heritage. Therefore, improving the use of methods that permit an efficient characterization of a wide range of materials through non-invasive and portable instruments, such as spectroscopies, is currently in high demand. This work is focused on the non-invasive study and identification of selected red and yellow pigments containing oxides and sulfides, frequently used in an- cient wall-paintings, by means of portable External Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ER-FTIR) within an extended spectral range (7500 - 360 cm −1 ) which includes a portion of far IR ad- dressing diagnostic peaks and band assignment for the first time. In this work we have also examined the reflection signals of the pigments when applied on a surface representing a fresco wall-painting, to discuss possible changes of the profile as the optical and morphological properties of the surface change. For this purpose, yellow and red oxides, ochres, Siennas, minium, orpiment, and vermillion were se- lected and used to produce laboratory mock-ups of fresco paints. The ER-FTIR signals obtained on raw pigments were firstly validated by portable non-invasive Raman spectroscopy and X-Ray Fluorescence, and bench-top X-Ray powder Diffraction. Then, the results were subsequently compared with the ER- FTIR signals collected on the mock-ups to discuss the changes in the reflection spectral profile when in presence of rough surfaces and matrix-effects. The combined study on reference materials and mock-ups allowed to identify and discuss ER-FTIR marker bands which were finally validated on real samples of three fragments of Roman frescos provided by the Archeological Museum “San Lorenzo”in Cremona. The proposed method demonstrates distinctive IR features from external reflection analysis on the selected pigments, scarcely studied by portable FTIR instruments, offering a decisive advancement for in situ ana- lytical characterization of the pigments used in wall-paintings
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