2,721,748 research outputs found
FIN-UNMASKED 2021: Selvitys kasvosuojusten ja hygieniakäytäntöjen tehosta ja haitoista virusepidemian ehkäisyssä
No full textMaskien tehoa epidemian ehkäisyssä on arvioitu kautta linjan liian rajatusti, jonka lisäksi maskidebatti on pysynyt alkeellisena. Toinen ryhmä on maskien puolella ja heidän kantansa on syntynyt tehokkaan mainoskampanjan ansiosta. Toinen ryhmä on ollut alusta asti oikeassa – maskit ovat tehottomia, mutta perustelut pohjautuvat toisinaan virheelliseen tietoon. Maskien ominaisuuksien lisäksi olennaisia tekijöitä arvioidessa tehokkuutta ovat tartunta-annos, pisaroiden ja partikkelien leviäminen, tartuntatilanteet, ilmaantuvuus, pisaratartunnan todennäköisyys, maskin käyttötavat, terveyshaitat, rasite ympäristölle, tuotannon hinta ja inhimillinen kärsimys, sekä maskin symbolinen merkitys osana hygieniateatteria ja hysteriaa. Marginaalistakin hyötyä tulee punnita tätä kaikkea vastaan, jota ei ole tätä selvitystä aiemmin käsitelty kokonaisvaltaisesti.
---
FIN-UNMASKED 2021: Study on the efficacy and harms of face masks and hygiene practices in the prevention of a viral epidemic
The efficacy of masks in epidemic has been assessed across the board too narrowly and the mask debate has remained rudimentary at best. The side that sees masks as essential protection have formed their opinion due to effective advertising campaign. The second group has been right from the beginning – the masks are ineffective, but the reasoning is sometimes based on incorrect information. Aspects that are relevant in evaluating efficacy of face masks include infectious dose, droplet and particle spread, situation, incidence rate, probability of droplet infection, habits related to use of mask, long-term and acute health hazards, environmental factors, cost of production of PPE including cost of suffering, and lastly the symbolic significance of masks as part of hygiene theater and hysteria. Even a marginal benefit must be weighed against all these factors, which has not been assessed comprehensively before this study.This review has been completed in its entirety and independently by one Finnish author between January to July 2021, Both the scientific analysis and essays are politically neutral and do not target any specific instance, person or organization unless this has been explicitly specified. The author will not participate even anonymously to potential public discussion, so that unnecessary speculation regarding this can be avoided
The Schemer Unmasked
No full text<p>Dataset for the following article: </p>
<p>Beine, Julia Jennifer (2024): The Schemer Unmasked. Sketching a Digital Profile of the Scheming Slave in Roman Comedy, Journal of Computational Literary Studies 3.1. 1–29. <a href="https://doi.org/10.48694/jcls.3670">https://doi.org/10.48694/jcls.3670</a>.</p>
<p>Release 1.0.0</p>
Free-convection condensation on single horizontal pin-fin tubes
No full textPhDNew experimental data are reported for free-convection condensation of ethylene
glycol and R-113 on three-dimensional pin-fin tubes. Effects of pin geometry and tube
thermal conductivity (for copper, brass and bronze giving a mean range of 400, 120 and
80 W/m K over the range of temperature of interest) were investigated. All tests were
performed at near atmospheric pressure with downward flowing vapour at low velocity.
Heat-transfer enhancement was found to be approximately twice the corresponding
active surface area of the tubes, i.e. the surface area of the parts of the tube and pin
surface not covered by condensate retained by surface tension. For ethylene glycol, the
best performing pin-fin tube gave a heat-transfer enhancement of 5.8, about 24 %
higher than the ‘equivalent’ two-dimensional integral-fin tube (i.e. with the same finroot
diameter, longitudinal fin spacing and thickness and fin height). For R-113, the
best enhancement was 5.9, about 10 % higher than the equivalent integral-fin tube.
For both fluids tested, vapour-side, heat-transfer enhancement was found to increase
with decreasing circumferential pin spacing and increasing pin height. Circumferential
pin thickness had little effect on heat-transfer enhancement. Effects of tube thermal
conductivity were found to be more significant for ethylene glycol than R-113.
Retention angle measurements were made under static conditions (without
condensation) and were found to be larger than for equivalent integral-fin tubes. An
expression for condensate retention angle on pin-fin tubes was proposed and found to
agree with the measured retention angles to ±15%.
A semi-empirical model for condensation heat transfer on horizontal pin-fin tubes has
been developed which accounts for the combined effect of gravity and surface tension.
The model predicts the majority of available data to ±20 %
Arturo Cronia e la Biblioteca di Slavistica a Padova
No full textThe paper focuses on Arturo Cronia’s activity as Director of the Library of Slavic Studies in Padua, which he managed between 1937 and 1967. As shown by the library registers, Cronia personally oversaw the purchase of several Slavic manuscripts and rare books for the Library, i.e. a folder of Glagolitic manuscript documents, Ivan Tanzlingher’s manuscript dictionary, a Croato-Glagolitic manuscript breviary and several volumes printed in ruskoslovenski and slavenosrpski by Venetian publishing house Theodosios between the 18th and 19th century
La polemica confessionale fra ortodossi e cattolici negli scritti di Gerasim Zelić
No full textThe interconfessional polemic which engulfed the Serbian Orthodox community living in the Dalmatian area close to the Triplex Confinium between the 17th and 19th centuries is a matter that has been intensively studied by historians, although with considerable differences regarding approach and results. The present paper summarizes the activities and the results of a research project dedicated to the personal and public fate of Gerasim Zelić (1758-1828), who as Vicar General of the Serbs of Dalmatia (1796-1810) was one of the main protagonists of the confessional polemic in Dalmatia. Firstly, the paper describes the activities that were carried out during the project, particularly the digitalization and on-line publication of a corpus of manuscript documents connected to Zelić. Secondly, it presents the results of a historical and culturological analysis conducted on the aforementioned documents, which have helped to clarify some unresolved questions pertaining Zelić’s actual involvement in the events related to the confessional question in Dalmatia
Unmasked
No full textDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a mask to cover one\u27s mouth is recommended in public spaces to prevent the spread of the virus. Wearing masks hinders our ability to express ourselves, as it is hard to read facial expressions much less lips behind a mask. We present Unmasked, an expressive interface using lip tracking to enhance communication while wearing a mask. Unmasked uses three different methods - either accelerometers, LEDs with a camera tracking, or streaming video - to make speaking while wearing a mask more expressive. Unmasked aims to improve communication during conversations while wearing a mask. This device will help people express themselves while wearing a mask by tracking their mouth movements and displaying their facial expressions on an LCD mounted on the front of the mask. By enhancing communication while wearing a mask, this prototype makes social distancing less disruptive and more bearable, metaphorically closing some of the distance between us
Principle of Designing Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchanger With Smaller Tube for Air Condition
No full textThe principle of designing fin-and-tube heat exchanger with smaller tubes is proposed in this study. The principle includes designing of fin configuration and designing of refrigerant circuits. In the design principle, the suitable fin configuration for 5 mm diameter tubes is designed by Computational Fluid Dynamic-based method, and the refrigerant circuit with 5 mm diameter tubes is designed by simulation-based method. To verify the results of designing, experiments on air conditioner unit are carried out. The experimental results confirm the design principle, and indicate that the optimal air conditioner with smaller diameter tubes has better performance and lower refrigerant charge which will promote the application of inflammable nature refrigerants, such as R290
Forced-convection condensation heat-transfer on horizontal integral-fin tubes including effects of liquid retention
No full textPhDAccurate and repeatable heat-transfer data are reported for forced-convection filmwise
condensation of steam and ethylene glycol flowing vertically downward over two
single, horizontal instrumented integral-fin tubes and one plain tube. Vapour-side,
heat-transfer coefficients were obtained by direct measurement of the tube wall
temperature using specially manufactured, instrumented tubes with thermocouples
embedded in the tube walls. Both tubes had fin height of 1.6 mm and fin root diameter
of 12.7 mm, with fin thickness and spacing of 0.3 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively for
the first tube and 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm respectively for the second. Tests were
performed at atmospheric pressure for steam with nominal vapour velocities from
2.4 m/s to 10.5 m/s and at three pressures below atmospheric with nominal vapour
velocities from 8.4 m/s to 57 m/s for steam and 13 m/s to 82 m/s for ethylene glycol.
The data show that both the finned tubes provide an increase in heat flux at the same
vapour-side temperature difference with increasing vapour velocity. Visual
observations were made and photographs obtained of the condensate retention angle
at each combination of vapour velocity and pressure. It was observed that the
curvature of the meniscus was distorted by the increase in vapour velocity and in
many cases, the extent of condensate flooding changed compared to its value in the
quiescent vapour case.
In parallel, experiments involving simulated condensation on finned tubes were
conducted using horizontal finned tubes in a vertical wind tunnel. Condensate was
simulated by liquid (water, ethylene glycol and R-113) supplied to the tube via small
holes between the fins along the top of the tube. Downward air velocities up to 24 m/s
were used and retention angles were determined from still photograph. Eight tubes
with a diameter at the fin root of 12.7 mm were tested. Five tubes of which had fin
height of 0.8 mm and spacing between fins of 0.5 mm, 0.75 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.25 mm
and 1.5 mm and three tubes had fin height 1.6 mm with fin spacings 0.6 mm, 1.0 mm
and 1.5 mm. The results were repeatable on different days and suggested, for all tubes
and fluids, that the retention angle asymptotically approached a value around 80o to
85o (from either lower or higher values at zero vapour velocity) with increase in air
velocity. Good agreement was found with observations taken during the condensation
experiments
Evaluation of Fin Efficiency and Heat Transfer Coefficient for Fined Tube Heat Exchange
No full textThis study discussed the estimation of the fin efficiency and the pure-heat transfer coefficient in the heat exchanger. One hundred twenty cases of plate fins having known heat transfer coefficients were tested numerically to investigate the validity of the previous classical theory on the fin efficiency. The conventional theory on the fin efficiency was only useful when the value of NTUf was near zero. However, it was not useful at high NTUf and low fin efficiency in the heat exchanger. A new definition of fin efficiency and a model for pure-heat transfer coefficient are suggested, which are applicable to the heat exchanger. The present model reduced error greatly than the classical model in the estimation of the pure-heat transfer coefficient at 0 \u3c mL \u3c 2, 0 \u3c NTUf \u3c 2.5
Film condensation heat transfer of low integral-fin tube.
No full textPhDFor condensation on horizontal low-finned tubes, the
dependence of heat-transfer performance on fin spacing has
been investigated experimentally for condensation of
refrigerant 113 and ethylene glycol. Fourteen tubes have
been used with inside diameter 9.78 mm and working length
exposed to vapour 102 mm. The tube had rectangular
section fins having the same width and height (0.5 mm and
1.59 mm) and with the spacing between fins varying from
0.25 mm to 20 mm. The diameter of the tube at the fin root
was 12.7 mm. Tests were also made using a plain tube
having the same inside diameter and an outside diameter
equal to that at the root of the fins for the finned tubes.
All tests were made at near atmospheric pressure with
vapour flowing vertically downward with velocities of 0.24
m/s and 0.36 m/s for refrigerant 113 and ethylene glycol
respectively. Optimum fin spacings were found at 0.5 mm
and 1.0 mm for refrigerant 113 and ethylene glycol
respectively. In earlier experiments for steam using the
same tubes, the optimum fin spacing was found to be 1.5 mm.
Maximum enhancement ratios of vapour-side heat-transfer
coefficient (vapour-side coefficient for a finned tube /
vapour-side coefficient for a plain tube. for the same
vapour-side temperature difference) were 7.5, 5.2 and 3.0
for refrigerant 113, ethylene glycol and steam
respectively.
Enhancement phenomena have also been studied
theoretically. Consideration has been given to a role of
surface tension forces on the motion and configuration of
condensate film. On the basis of this study, several
semi-empirical equations, to predict heat-transfer
performance, have been obtained. These are considered to
represent recent reliable data (present and other recent
works) satisfactorily
- …
