1,721,019 research outputs found
Spread of the non-indigenous serpulid Hydroides sanctaecrucis Krøyer in Mörch, 1863 in the Pacific Ocean: a new record from Taiwan
No full textThe serpulid polychaete Hydroides sanctaecrucis Krøyer in Mörch, 1863, native to the Caribbean, was found in the Port of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and this currently represents the most northern record within the western Pacific Ocean. It was found associated with the invasive dreissenid bivalve Mytilopsis sallei (Récluz, 1849), also native to the Caribbean. It is likely that the spread of this serpulid within the Pacific Ocean has been due to vessel hull fouling, and the extensive shell surfaces of M. sallei in the estuarine regions of the port have provided suitable surfaces for its settlement. Here we review the occurrence of H. sanctaecrucis within the Pacific Ocean. It is expected to spread to other ports in the western Pacific Ocean
Marinas may act as hubs for the spread of the pseudo-indigenous bryozoan Amathia verticillata (Delle Chiaje, 1822) and its associates
Full text linkThe spaghetti bryozoan Amathia verticillata, formerly known as Zoobotryon verticillatum, was first described in 1822 from Naples, Italy, although this species was already present in 1807 at Cadiz, Spain. This ctenostome has long been considered a native species in the Mediterranean Sea but it has recently been suggested to be of Caribbean origin. It is most likely to have been introduced by vessels as hull fouling. This pseudo-indigenous species, i.e. a non-indigenous species (NIS) having been perceived to be native, has been found in several marinas and harbours within the Mediterranean Sea. In November 2014, this bryozoan species was abundant in the La Grande Motte marina on the south coast of France. Several thousand colonies were estimated to be present within this marina attached to the floating pontoon units that supported a floating boardwalk. Of the berthed craft examined, 31% were fouled with this species, and it was occasionally a prominent fouling species. Several macroinvertebrate species were associated with A. verticillata colonies, including some NIS, Paracerceis sculpta, Paranthura japonica and Caprella scaura, that are recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean coast of France. A. verticillata might support their transfer elsewhere by providing a habitat and substrate when attached to vessel hulls
Valutazione del rischio di dispersione di specie non-indigene dovuto alla nautica da diporto con un modello fuzzy a due livelli
No full textImbarcazioni turistiche e rischio di dispersione di specie non-indigene: valutazione della consapevolezza dei diportisti tramite interviste online
No full textConfirming predictions: the invasive isopod Ianiropsis serricaudis Gurjanova, 1936 (Crustacea: Peracarida) is abundant in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy) / Potvrda predviđanja: Venecijanska laguna (Italija) obiluje invazivnim jednakonošcem ianiropsis serricaudis gurjanova, 1936 (crustacea: Peracarida)
No full textThe janirid isopod Ianiropsis serricaudis, native to the North-West Pacific region, has recently been identified as a non-indigenous species in several localities in the Northern Hemisphere. Hereby, we present evidence of its occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea, namely in the Lagoon of Venice (Italy). This finding confirms the hypothesis that this species is more widespread in Europe than expected, but has long been underreported on account of the small size of isopods (most of them being in the size range of 3 to 20 mm) and the taxonomic complexity of the genus
Quantifying the risk of fouling of non-indigenous species and spread by recreational boats using fuzzy logic: a case study from Italy
No full textIn the Mediterranean Sea, recreational boating is an underestimated and unregulated vector of non-indigenous species (NIS) introduction and spread. Furthermore, travel and hull maintenance (e.g. cleaning) habits of recreational boaters are largely unknown. In order to quantify the risk of fouling by NIS and consequent spreading of caused by recreational vessels, a two-levels model based on the fuzzy logic approach was developed and tested on a sample of about 200 Italian boaters. The first level of the fuzzy system separately assesses the risk of hull fouling and the risk of spreading of NIS; the second level combines the two risks into an overall index, ranging from 0 (very-low risk) to 100 (very-high risk).
The input variables of the model were defined after a thorough literature survey; they are: type of vessel, frequency of antifouling painting, hull cleaning and hauling out, and time of permanence at sea after an antifouling treatment (fouling risk model); journey length and journey frequency (spread model).
Input data were collected by means of questionnaires submitted to boaters face-to-face and online; at the same time, the questionnaires allowed to gather data about the awareness of boat owners on NIS in marine environments.
The results of this study showed that 53.9% of the respondents fell into the very-low and low risk categories, and 46.1% into the medium, high and very-high risk categories. Most of them knew about non-indigenous species along the Italian coast, but were not aware that recreational boats can play the role of vectors increasing their dispersal.
In a context of prevention and management programs on NIS introduced by recreational vessels, the fuzzy analysis of data obtained by questionnaires proved to be a cost-effective and rapid method to estimate the magnitude of the risk posed by infected boats. Further testing and validation of the proposed model are needed before its routine use in implementing mitigation measures
Prioritizing management of non-indigenous species in the Lagoon of Venice: mission impossible?
No full textThe Lagoon of Venice (432 km2 surface) is a major hotspot of non-indigenous species (NIS) introductions in the Mediterranean Sea and represents the site of first-introduction for several NIS that eventually have spread elsewhere. In order to suggest priority areas for management we surveyed the entire Lagoon for sites of high NIS occurrence. Benthic assemblages colonising artificial substrates (wooden poles) were compared from harbours, marinas, sites of live seafood import, shellfish farms as well as control sites, in all the three sub-basins of the Lagoon (for a total of 45 samples analysed). Nineteen species out of the 214 taxa identified in the Lagoon were NIS. The isopod Ianiropsis serricaudis and the bryozoan Tricellaria inopinata were very abundant and widespread, occurring in 90-100% of samples. Single samples displayed an average number of 8 NIS (range: 2-11), accounting for 20% (range: 6%-30%) of the taxonomic richness of benthic assemblages. The central sub-basin, where shipping activities are more intense, displayed the highest number of NIS and NIS/all taxa ratio. The differences in NIS composition among sub-basins were mainly due to dissimilar abundances of dominant NIS. Interestingly, no significant differences in number and composition of NIS were found among sites: even control sites, where no human activities related to NIS introduction take place, displayed a rich NIS assemblage. These results suggest that eradication actions are virtually impossible to actuate in Venice, and that pre-border management should integrate multiple vectors of introductions. The monitoring of pathways departing from the Lagoon is also advised
Do harbours and nearby marinas share non-indigenous species? Examples from Northern Italy
No full textThe fouling community of three harbours (Genoa, La Spezia and Leghorn) and three neighbouring marinas (Santa Margherita Ligure, Lerici and Viareggio), in the Ligurian Sea and North Tyrrhenian Sea, were analysed in July 2013, for a total number of 63 samples collected from docks and pontoons. This systematic survey aimed at investigating the role of ports as sink and source habitat of non-indigenous marine species and the role of recreational boating in their secondary spread. A total of 261 macroinvertebrate species were identified, out of which 18 were non-indigenous species (NIS). In contrast with current belief, the 3 harbours do not seem “hotspots of introduction”, since the number of NIS in all sites was moderate (10 to 12 species). Moreover differences in richness of native species among the sites did not affect the number of NIS found, that were rather constant in all locations. The most frequent NIS were Hydroides elegans, Watersipora subtorquata, Hydroides dianthus, Zoobotryon verticillatum, Caprella scaura and Paranthura japonica that were common in harbours. Noteworthy records include: Watersipora arcuata, a Pacific cheilostome bryozoan new to the European coasts, was found in Santa Margherita Ligure marina; Grandidierella japonica, a Indo-Pacific amphiopod new to the Mediterranean Sea, was recorded in the marina of Viareggio; and Celleporaria brunnea, the cheilostome bryozoan already recorded in the Western Mediterranean Sea, was well represented in most of the localities. All marinas exhibited their own peculiar non-indigenous assemblages, independent from those observed in the nearby harbours
Trans-national dispersal of non-indigenous species in the Mediterranean Sea: pathways of secondary spread and control strategies
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