1,721,024 research outputs found
Responsiveness of local governments to financial and institutional reforms: evidence from Italy
No full textThis thesis proposes three distinct contribution to the field of economic analysis on local government. In particular, each of the three studies focuses on a specific Italian policy reform allowing us to analyze how it affects local fiscal policy decisions. In the first chapter we investigate the impact on expenditure of tax on principal dwellings before 2008 and the impact on expenditure of the grant which, after 2008, compensated for the abolition of the tax on principal dwellings. We setup a theoretical model in which the introduction of a political bias against taxation gives rise to the flypaper effect. If the public good is very important with respect to private consumption then an increase in the municipal size implies a decrease in the extent of the flypaper effect; the opposite happens if the public good is not important with respect to private consumption. We then test the hypotheses coming from the model by using data on Italian municipalities, focusing on two groups of expenditure: the principal expenditure, which are those essential to guarantee the minimum standard daily life of a municipality and the rest, defined as residual expenditure. We find that the flypaper effect holds for both kinds of expenditure, but decreases with respect to population in the case of principal expenditure and increases with respect to population in the case of residual expenditure. In the second chapter we setup a model in which the residents of two neighboring municipalities can use the services provided by public infrastructures located in both jurisdictions. If services are either complements or substitutes in use, the municipalities strategically interact when investing in infrastructures; moreover, when they differ in population size, the small municipality reacts more to the expenditure of its neighbor than the big one. The theoretical predictions are then tested by estimating the determinants of the stock of public infrastructures of the municipalities belonging to the Autonomous Province of Trento, in Italy. By introducing a spatial lag-error component, we find that municipalities positively react to an increase in infrastructures by their neighbors, but the effect tends to vanish above a given population threshold. Finally, in chapter 3 we use data for all Italian municipalities from 2001 to 2007 to empirically test the extent to which two different electoral rules, which hold for small and large municipalities, affect fiscal policy decisions at local level. Municipalities with fewer than 15,000 inhabitants elect their mayors in accordance with a single-ballot plurality rule where only one list can support her/him, while the rest of the municipalities uses a runoff plurality rule where multiple lists can support her/him. Per capita total taxes, charges and current expenditure in large municipalities are lower than in small ones if the mayor of the large municipality does not need a broad coalition to be elected, otherwise the use of a single- or double-ballot rule does not make any difference in the policy outcome
Fabbisogni e costi nella stima della spesa standard: una simulazione per i comuni pugliesi
No full textLa Legge 5 maggio 2009 n.42 prevede un nuovo sistema di
finanziamento delle funzioni dei Comuni. In particolare per
quelle fondamentali, il legislatore si è orientato verso il criterio
del fabbisogno standard. Questo lavoro stima le sei funzioni di
spesa fondamentale cosi come individuate dalla Legge delega
identificando determinanti di fabbisogno e di costo. Il modello
di riparto proposto alloca la spesa in tre differenti modi: nel
primo la spesa corrente è allocata in base ai differenti
fabbisogni, assumendo che tutti i comuni abbiano costi
identici, nel secondo si assume che tutti i comuni abbiano
fabbisogni identici e si alloca la spesa in base ai differenti costi
ed un terzo criterio misto che tiene conto, sia delle differenze di
costo, che di quelle di fabbisogno. Tale modello viene poi
simulato sui comuni della Regione Puglia
L'impatto della contabilità euro-compatibile in un'auspicabile evoluzione del patto di stabilità interno
No full textIn this paper we discuss how the mixed-accrual basis system, currently used to
compute the deficit targeted by the domestic stability pact for municipalities, can
lead to a different distribution of the consolidated deficit of the General Government
(Amministrazione Pubblica) with respect to the adoption of a set of accounting
rules mapping the mixed-accrual basis system to a system very close to the
Sec2010. In fact, the adopted rules classify some relevant items by using the cash
basis, while in the mixed-accrual basis the same items are recorded by legal accrual
basis. Moreover, all the financial items are excluded in the proposed classification.
We then compute the deficit according to the two accounting systems,
by using aggregate financial data on Italian municipalities for the period 2009-
2011. Furthermore we investigate the role of both financial items and accounting
adjustments which give rise to the differences in the two accounting systems and
we analyze their distribution according to geographical area, region, population
and income classes. The results show that the distribution of the municipal deficits
can be very different according to the accounting system we use
Local infrastructure and externalities: does the size matter?
No full textWe setup a simple theoretical model where a local public good is provided and its e¤ect is spread onto the utility of citizens belonging to the neighboring jurisdiction, moreover the neighboring jurisdiction enjoys a production externality which allows to decrease the production cost of its own public good: the
mix of both e¤ects lead to a strategic interaction between the two jurisdictions depending on jurisdiction’s size. We test the model by using financial and socio-economic data of the Italian province of Trento. In particular we estimate determinants of infrastructure stock by explicitly introducing the spatial lag and exploring its di¤erential impact according to the population size of the considered municipality. We find that jurisdictions positively react to an increase in infrastructure, but the e¤ect tends to vanish after a given population threshold
Dimensione ed interdipendenza territoriale delle spese comunali per infrastrutture: analisi teorica e verifica empirica
No full textWe model two municipalities providing infrastructures to their citizens and the benefits of infrastructures spill-over from one municipality to the other through two channels: the more the neighbours provide infrastructure service, the less each municipality will spend for the same kind of public service, if it is sufficiently small; furthermore, there are also some public input neighbor’s infrastructures (roads, street lighting, sidewalks, bridges, canals etc..) decreasing its own production cost of public and private goods. The model has been tested using financial and socio-economic data from Provincia Autonoma of Trento. The results show that the relationship between its own infrastructure and neighbours’, is significant, positive and decreasing in population size
La simulazione degli impatti della legge delega sulle spese sanitarie regionali basata sul fabbisogno standard
No full textL’obiettivo del lavoro è fornire la stima della spesa standard regionale di una delle tre funzioni primarie di spesa definite dalla Legge sul federalismo: la Sanità. La stima della spesa standard può essere effettuata attraverso diverse tecniche, in particolare la letteratura prevede due approcci alternativi: quello che utilizza indicatori di fabbisogno e l’impiego delle tecniche di regressione. Questo lavoro combina entrambi gli approcci, costruendo degli indicatori regionali pesati, utilizzati poi per simulare scenari alternativi di implementazione della riforma fiscale in relazione alla spesa sanitaria
Dal saldo del patto di stabilità interno al saldo euro-compatibile: un’applicazione ai comuni dell’Emilia Romagna
No full textThe internal stability pact is a necessary rule to let Italy fulfil the Stability and Growth Pact: however the accounting rule used in the two cases are different. In particular we compare the European accounting rules with the rules currently used to compute the deficit targeted by the internal stability pact. By using aggregate financial data on Italian municipalities for the period 2009-2011 and for municipalities of Emilia Romagna we compute the deficit: the contribution of municipalities to the national deficit is different according to the accounting system we use
Did the EU Airport Charges Directive Lead to Lower Aeronautical Charges? Empirical Evidence From a Diff-in-Diff Research Design
No full textIn this study we analyse the impact of the EU Airport Charges Directive on the level of aeronautical charges for EU airports serving between 2 and 20 million passengers over the period 2008-2017 using a difference-in-differences research design. We find that the transposition of the Airport Charges Directive into national legislation has led to a statistically significant reduction in the level of airport charges, but only after a few years. We also find the existence of heterogeneous treatment effects that depend on the quality of transposition of the DirectiveJRC.I.1 - Monitoring, Indicators & Impact Evaluatio
Immigration, fear of crime and public spending on security
No full textWe explore the relation between immigration, crime, and local government spending on security in Italian municipalities. We find that immigration increases the share of public resources devoted to police protection, particularly when migrants are culturally distant from the native population. We uncover a misalignment between perception and reality, as immigration is associated to fear of future crimes rather than the actual probability of being victim of a crime. We also demonstrate that immigration from culturally distant societies corresponds to a deterioration in civic cooperation and interpersonal trust, which can affect perceptions of safety and the demand for police services
La stima della spesa standard comunale nella Legge delega 42/2009: il caso dei comuni Pugliesi
No full textQuesto lavoro stima per i comuni della Puglia le sei funzioni di spesa così come individuate dalla Legge delega 42/2009 ed inoltre, a differenza di precedenti esperienze italiane, identifica, determinanti di fabbisogno e di costo della spesa stimata e mette a confronto tre differenti tipi di riparto della spesa: uno che alloca la spesa corrente in base ai differenti fabbisogni, assumendo che tutti i comuni abbiano costi identici, un altro che alloca la spesa in base ai differenti costi, assumendo che tutti i comuni abbiano fabbisogni identici ed un terzo criterio misto che tiene conto, sia delle differenze di costo, che di quelle di fabbisogno
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