8 research outputs found
GRAPH THEORY AND COMMUNITY DETECTION FOR ELEMENTARY DMA DESIGN
No full textIn this work, with the objective of designing elementary district metered areas (eDMAs), graph theory methods and community structured algorithms are applied to the case of the water distribution network of Milano. This network is highly looped and very complex, serving about two million people. Initially, the network is subdivided into 27 eDMAs, which are the number of pumping stations in operation, obtaining three different divided networks (one from community structured algorithms and two from graph theory). Unlike other procedures based on traditional techniques to sectorize networks, the maximum size of each eDMA was not previously restricted, thus generating significantly larger districts. Afterwards, a simple algorithm was applied to aggregate the eDMAs into dynamic DMAs to reduce the energy consumption and overall pressures in the network for the hour of lowest water consumption. Results show improvement in both aspects, thus justifying the study. Further studies are recommended in order to propose other eDMAs designs and other dynamic DMAs configurations
LFG without C-structures
No full textWe explore the use of two dependency parsers, Malt and MST, in a Lexical Functional Grammar parsing pipeline. We compare this to the traditional LFG parsing pipeline which uses constituency parsers. We train the dependency parsers not on classical LFG f-structures but rather on modified
dependency-tree versions of these in which all words in the input sentence are represented and multiple heads are removed. For the purposes of comparison, we also modify the existing CFG-based LFG parsing pipeline so that these "LFG-inspired" dependency trees are produced. We find that the differences in parsing accuracy over the various parsing architectures is small
Controle de plantas daninhas por meio de descarga elétrica em cultivos orgânicos de soja.
No full textControle de plantas daninhas por meio de descarga elétrica em cultivos orgânicos de soja.
No full textDois experimentos foram instalados em semeadura direta em área de cultivo orgânico de soja no município de São Miguel do Iguaçu, PR, com o objetivo de avaliar o controle de plantas daninhas na cultura da soja (BRS 232) por meio de descarga elétrica. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No experimento 1, fixou-se a voltagem de 4400 V e, no experimento 2, de 6800 V. Em ambos os experimentos, os tratamentos consistiram das variações de rotação do motor do trator (i) 2200 rpm (rotações por minutos); (ii) 2000 rpm; (iii) 1600 rpm e as testemunhas (iv) capinada e (v) sem capina. O equipamento utilizado para aplicação dos tratamentos foi o Eletroherb (Sayyou do Brasil). As plantas daninhas existentes na área experimental foram o amendoim-bravo (Euphorbia heterophylla), a corda-de-viola (Ipomoea spp.), a guanxuma (Sida spp.), o capim-marmelada (Brachiaria plantaginea) e o capim-colchão (Digitaria spp.). Foram avaliadas as percentagens de controle das plantas daninhas a 1(um) e aos 20 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT), a fitomassa seca de plantas daninhas na pré-colheita da soja e a produtividade da cultura. O emprego de descarga elétrica foi eficiente no controle das plantas daninhas da cultura da soja. A rotação 2200 rpm proporcionou o melhor controle e, conseqüentemente, a maior produtividade da soja
Sradicamento e ricerca di significato : il dilemma dell'uomo contemporaneo
No full textIl saggio esplora l'impatto dei cambiamenti profondi della tardo modernità sull'esistenza dell'individuo all'interno della tematica generale del rapporto società e psiche. Dopo aver inquadrato il dibattito che ha riguardato il rapporto psiche-società, si sofferma sui problemi socio esistenziali dell'individuo della contemporaneità. Dai dati emerge il prevalere di un forte disagio socio-esistenziale i cui sintomi più evidenti sono attacchi di panico, e personalità borderline al punto che questi sintomi possono essere visti come nevrosi sociale piuttosto che nevrosi individuali. Il saggio si conclude affrontando la questione dei rimedi sociali necessari al superamento di questi disagi, ponendo la centro la questione della formazione di una personalità integrata.The essay analyzes the impact of social change on the social existence of the individual in the late modernity. In the first part the debate about the relationship between the psyche and society is reconstructed, then the focus moves to the social exitential problems of contemporary man and to the spread of anxiety disorders, such as panic attacks, borderline perosanality; the author argues that they shoud be considered the symptoms of a socialneurosis. In the conclusion, the question how is possible to form a unite personality is addressed
Improving dependency label accuracy using statistical post-editing: A cross-framework study
No full textWe present a statistical post-editing method for modifying the dependency labels in a dependency analysis. We test the method using two English datasets, three parsing systems and three labelled dependency schemes. We demonstrate how it can be used both to improve dependency label accuracy in parser output and highlight problems with and differences between constituency-to-dependency conversions
Effect of Sm and Eu on the structural, magnetic and electrical characteristics of ferrocobaltite (Sm, Eu)2CoFeO6
No full textilustracionesLos materiales tipo perovskita compleja Sm2FeCoO6 y Eu2FeCoO6 se produjeron mediante el método de síntesis de reacción de estado sólido, caracterizando su morfología, composición, estructura, respuesta magnética y eléctrica. A partir de la técnica de difracción de rayos X se caracterizó la estructura para ambos compuestos mostrando que los sistemas cristalizan en estructura ortorrómbica con grupo espacial
P nma (#62). El refinamiento Rietvelt mediante el código GSAS-I permitió obtener los parámetros reticulares asociados a cada material. Al realizar la sustitución del catión Sm3+ por Eu3+ hubo una leve inclinación en los octaedros,
pues los enlaces B-O1-B evidencian que los ángulos cambiaron de 148,03° a 149,73°, las distancias de los enlaces B-O1 se redujeron de 1,98 ˚A a 1,96 ˚A, al igual que la distancia de los enlaces B-O2 en el plano ecuatorial del octaedro, pasaron de 2,14 ˚A y 1,75 ˚A a 1,98 ˚A y 1,99 ˚A, respectivamente. Los resultados de microscopía
electrónica de barrido permitieron visualizar la evolución morfológica a través de micrografías generadas por electrones secundarios, con las micrografías obtenidas por electrones retrodisperados se evidencia que ambos materiales presentan solo una composición. El espectro de dispersión de energía por rayos X sugiere que los materiales en estudio contienen solamente los elementos Sm, Eu, Fe, Co
y O, correspondientes a las fórmulas estequiométricas Sm2FeCoO6 y Eu2FeCoO6. Los resultados de magnetización en función de la temperatura indicaron efectos de irreversibilidad en las curvas ZFC y FC problamente producidos por desorden magnetocristalino, desorden catiónico de los iones Fe, Co y distorsiones estructurales de los octaedros. Igualmente, se visualiza que posiblemente ambos compuestos transitan de una fase antiferromagnética a ferromagnética con temperaturas de Néel de 90 K y 260 K para el compuesto con Sm y Eu,
respectivamente. Este comportamiento fue comprobado con las curvas de magnetización en función del campo aplicado, donde además se evidencia la presencia de magnetización de remanencia en la histéresis magnética de las isotermas de 50 K, 200 K y 300 K. Las curvas de densidad de corriente en función del campo aplicado muestran un comportamiento a bajos campos similar a un material óhmico, con valores de resistividad ρSm = 2, 247 ± 0, 001 MΩ·cm y ρEu = 6, 919 ± 0, 003 MΩ·cm, en altos campos presentan un comportamiento no lineal semejante a un material tipo semiconductor. Las curvas de resistividad en función de la temperatura permitieron confirmar el comportamiento semiconductor en ambos materiales y obtener la constante de sensibilidad térmica con valores de BSm = 5232, 20 K y
BEu = 5238, 74 K. Por último, la respuesta de reflectancia difusa confirma el comportamiento semiconductor a temperatura ambiente, obteniéndose un gap de 1,18 eV y 1,15 eV para el Sm2FeCoO6 y Eu2FeCoO6, respectivamente. (Texto tomado de la fuente)The complex perovskite-type materials Sm2FeCoO6 and Eu2FeCoO6 were produced by the solid-state reaction synthesis method, characterizing their morphology, composition, struc ture, magnetic and electric response. From X-ray diffraction technique the structure for both compounds was characterized showing that the systems crystallize in orthorhombic structu re with space group P nma (62). Rietvelt refinement using the GSAS-I code allowed us to obtain the lattice parameters associated with each material. Upon substitution of the Sm3+ cation by Eu3+ there was a slight tilt in the octahedra, since the B-O1-B bonds show that the angles changed from 148,03◦ to 149,73◦, the distances of the B-O1 bonds decreased from
1,98 ˚A to 1,96 ˚A, as well as the distance of the B-O2 bonds in the equatorial plane of the octahedron went from 2,14 ˚A and 1,75 ˚A to 1,98 ˚A and 1,99 ˚A, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy results allowed visualizing the morphological evolution through micrographs generated by secondary electrons, with the micrographs obtained by backscattered electrons showing that both materials present only one composition. The X-ray energy dispersion spectra suggest that the materials under study contain only the elements Sm, Eu, Fe, Co and O, corresponding to the stoichiometric formulas Sm2FeCoO6 and Eu2FeCoO6. The results of magnetization as a function of temperature indicated irreversibility effects in the ZFC and FC curves probably produced by magnetocrystalline disorder, cationic disorder of Fe, Co ions and structural distortions of the octahedra. Likewise, it is visualized that possibly both compounds transition from an antiferromagnetic phase to a ferromagnetic phase
with N-temperatures of 90 K and 260 K for the compound with Sm and Eu, respectively. This behavior was verified with the magnetization curves as a function of the applied field, where it is also evident the presence of remanence magnetization in the magnetic hysteresis of the 50 K, 200 K and 300 K isotherms. The current density curves as a function of the applied field show a behavior at low fields similar to an ohmic material, with resisti vity values of ρSm = 2, 247 ± 0, 001 MΩ·cm y ρEu = 6, 919 ± 0, 003 MΩ·cm, at high fields they show a nonlinear behavior similar to a semiconductor type material. The resistivity curves as a function of temperature allowed to confirm the semiconductor behavior in both materials and to obtain the thermal sensitivity constant with values of BSm = 5232, 20 K and BEu = 5238, 74 K. Finally, the diffuse reflectance response confirms the semiconducting
behavior at room temperature, obtaining a gap of 1,18 eV and 1,15 eV for Sm2FeCoO6 and Eu2FeCoO6, respectively.MaestríaFísica de Nuevos Materiale
Effect of Sm and Eu on the structural, magnetic and electrical characteristics of ferrocobaltite (Sm, Eu)2CoFeO6
No full textilustracionesLos materiales tipo perovskita compleja Sm2FeCoO6 y Eu2FeCoO6 se produjeron mediante el método de síntesis de reacción de estado sólido, caracterizando su morfología, composición, estructura, respuesta magnética y eléctrica. A partir de la técnica de difracción de rayos X se caracterizó la estructura para ambos compuestos mostrando que los sistemas cristalizan en estructura ortorrómbica con grupo espacial
P nma (#62). El refinamiento Rietvelt mediante el código GSAS-I permitió obtener los parámetros reticulares asociados a cada material. Al realizar la sustitución del catión Sm3+ por Eu3+ hubo una leve inclinación en los octaedros,
pues los enlaces B-O1-B evidencian que los ángulos cambiaron de 148,03° a 149,73°, las distancias de los enlaces B-O1 se redujeron de 1,98 ˚A a 1,96 ˚A, al igual que la distancia de los enlaces B-O2 en el plano ecuatorial del octaedro, pasaron de 2,14 ˚A y 1,75 ˚A a 1,98 ˚A y 1,99 ˚A, respectivamente. Los resultados de microscopía
electrónica de barrido permitieron visualizar la evolución morfológica a través de micrografías generadas por electrones secundarios, con las micrografías obtenidas por electrones retrodisperados se evidencia que ambos materiales presentan solo una composición. El espectro de dispersión de energía por rayos X sugiere que los materiales en estudio contienen solamente los elementos Sm, Eu, Fe, Co
y O, correspondientes a las fórmulas estequiométricas Sm2FeCoO6 y Eu2FeCoO6. Los resultados de magnetización en función de la temperatura indicaron efectos de irreversibilidad en las curvas ZFC y FC problamente producidos por desorden magnetocristalino, desorden catiónico de los iones Fe, Co y distorsiones estructurales de los octaedros. Igualmente, se visualiza que posiblemente ambos compuestos transitan de una fase antiferromagnética a ferromagnética con temperaturas de Néel de 90 K y 260 K para el compuesto con Sm y Eu,
respectivamente. Este comportamiento fue comprobado con las curvas de magnetización en función del campo aplicado, donde además se evidencia la presencia de magnetización de remanencia en la histéresis magnética de las isotermas de 50 K, 200 K y 300 K. Las curvas de densidad de corriente en función del campo aplicado muestran un comportamiento a bajos campos similar a un material óhmico, con valores de resistividad ρSm = 2, 247 ± 0, 001 MΩ·cm y ρEu = 6, 919 ± 0, 003 MΩ·cm, en altos campos presentan un comportamiento no lineal semejante a un material tipo semiconductor. Las curvas de resistividad en función de la temperatura permitieron confirmar el comportamiento semiconductor en ambos materiales y obtener la constante de sensibilidad térmica con valores de BSm = 5232, 20 K y
BEu = 5238, 74 K. Por último, la respuesta de reflectancia difusa confirma el comportamiento semiconductor a temperatura ambiente, obteniéndose un gap de 1,18 eV y 1,15 eV para el Sm2FeCoO6 y Eu2FeCoO6, respectivamente. (Texto tomado de la fuente)The complex perovskite-type materials Sm2FeCoO6 and Eu2FeCoO6 were produced by the solid-state reaction synthesis method, characterizing their morphology, composition, struc ture, magnetic and electric response. From X-ray diffraction technique the structure for both compounds was characterized showing that the systems crystallize in orthorhombic structu re with space group P nma (62). Rietvelt refinement using the GSAS-I code allowed us to obtain the lattice parameters associated with each material. Upon substitution of the Sm3+ cation by Eu3+ there was a slight tilt in the octahedra, since the B-O1-B bonds show that the angles changed from 148,03◦ to 149,73◦, the distances of the B-O1 bonds decreased from
1,98 ˚A to 1,96 ˚A, as well as the distance of the B-O2 bonds in the equatorial plane of the octahedron went from 2,14 ˚A and 1,75 ˚A to 1,98 ˚A and 1,99 ˚A, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy results allowed visualizing the morphological evolution through micrographs generated by secondary electrons, with the micrographs obtained by backscattered electrons showing that both materials present only one composition. The X-ray energy dispersion spectra suggest that the materials under study contain only the elements Sm, Eu, Fe, Co and O, corresponding to the stoichiometric formulas Sm2FeCoO6 and Eu2FeCoO6. The results of magnetization as a function of temperature indicated irreversibility effects in the ZFC and FC curves probably produced by magnetocrystalline disorder, cationic disorder of Fe, Co ions and structural distortions of the octahedra. Likewise, it is visualized that possibly both compounds transition from an antiferromagnetic phase to a ferromagnetic phase
with N-temperatures of 90 K and 260 K for the compound with Sm and Eu, respectively. This behavior was verified with the magnetization curves as a function of the applied field, where it is also evident the presence of remanence magnetization in the magnetic hysteresis of the 50 K, 200 K and 300 K isotherms. The current density curves as a function of the applied field show a behavior at low fields similar to an ohmic material, with resisti vity values of ρSm = 2, 247 ± 0, 001 MΩ·cm y ρEu = 6, 919 ± 0, 003 MΩ·cm, at high fields they show a nonlinear behavior similar to a semiconductor type material. The resistivity curves as a function of temperature allowed to confirm the semiconductor behavior in both materials and to obtain the thermal sensitivity constant with values of BSm = 5232, 20 K and BEu = 5238, 74 K. Finally, the diffuse reflectance response confirms the semiconducting
behavior at room temperature, obtaining a gap of 1,18 eV and 1,15 eV for Sm2FeCoO6 and Eu2FeCoO6, respectively.MaestríaFísica de Nuevos Materiale
