125,533 research outputs found
Patrice Fava et Jean François Billeter autour de Contre François Jullien
No full textFava Patrice, Billeter Jean-François, Jullien François. Patrice Fava et Jean François Billeter autour de Contre François Jullien. In: Études chinoises, n°25, 2006. pp. 173-198
L’approccio clinimetrico.
No full textQuesto manuale intende offrire una panoramica degli sviluppi più significativi della medicina psicosomatica in ambito clinico. È finalizzato alla didattica sia dei corsi di laurea in psicologia clinica e in medicina, sia delle scuole di specializzazione ed è anche pensato come opportunità di aggiornamento per chi ha già completato il proprio percorso formativo clinico. L’insegnamento della psicosomatica risulta di importanza fondamentale in ambito psicologico in quanto contribuisce alla formazione di un approccio in grado di collocare le componenti biologiche, psicologiche e sociali in un quadro di riferimento multidisciplinare, armonizzando la clinica psicologica con quella medica.
Nell’ambito della medicina sia generale che specialistica, la psicosomatica offre un ampliamento significativo delle capacità di comprensione e di valutazione dei fenomeni clinici, con ricadute sulla possibilità di coinvolgere il paziente come partner attivo della terapia. Lo stile di vita appare come un elemento di sempre maggiore importanza nel modulare la vulnerabilità individuale alla malattia e solo un approccio psicosomatico è in grado di rendere operativa la sua modificazione da parte del paziente. Inoltre, le branche specialistiche della medicina (basate sulla suddivisione clinica in apparati come quello cardiovascolare e gastroenterico) appaiono sempre più inadeguate nel fornire risposte sia a problematiche complesse che non si collocano all’interno di un singolo apparato sia a quadri clinici sempre più diffusi di comorbilità. La medicina psicosomatica fornisce le basi cliniche e concettuali per approcci multidisciplinari (ad esempio, psiconeuroendocrinologia, psico-oncologia).
Questo manuale non si propone di esaminare dettagliatamente il ruolo dei fattori psicosociali all’interno di specifiche patologie mediche, ma di illustrare in che cosa consista l’approccio psicosomatico e quali implicazioni possa avere a livello della clinica psicologica e della clinica medica. È una testimonianza della ricchezza e della vitalità della ricerca psicosomatica attuale
Concetti generali di medicina psicosomatica.
No full textQuesto manuale intende offrire una panoramica degli sviluppi più significativi della medicina psicosomatica in ambito clinico. È finalizzato alla didattica sia dei corsi di laurea in psicologia clinica e in medicina, sia delle scuole di specializzazione ed è anche pensato come opportunità di aggiornamento per chi ha già completato il proprio percorso formativo clinico. L’insegnamento della psicosomatica risulta di importanza fondamentale in ambito psicologico in quanto contribuisce alla formazione di un approccio in grado di collocare le componenti biologiche, psicologiche e sociali in un quadro di riferimento multidisciplinare, armonizzando la clinica psicologica con quella medica.
Nell’ambito della medicina sia generale che specialistica, la psicosomatica offre un ampliamento significativo delle capacità di comprensione e di valutazione dei fenomeni clinici, con ricadute sulla possibilità di coinvolgere il paziente come partner attivo della terapia. Lo stile di vita appare come un elemento di sempre maggiore importanza nel modulare la vulnerabilità individuale alla malattia e solo un approccio psicosomatico è in grado di rendere operativa la sua modificazione da parte del paziente. Inoltre, le branche specialistiche della medicina (basate sulla suddivisione clinica in apparati come quello cardiovascolare e gastroenterico) appaiono sempre più inadeguate nel fornire risposte sia a problematiche complesse che non si collocano all’interno di un singolo apparato sia a quadri clinici sempre più diffusi di comorbilità. La medicina psicosomatica fornisce le basi cliniche e concettuali per approcci multidisciplinari (ad esempio, psiconeuroendocrinologia, psico-oncologia).
Questo manuale non si propone di esaminare dettagliatamente il ruolo dei fattori psicosociali all’interno di specifiche patologie mediche, ma di illustrare in che cosa consista l’approccio psicosomatico e quali implicazioni possa avere a livello della clinica psicologica e della clinica medica. È una testimonianza della ricchezza e della vitalità della ricerca psicosomatica attuale
A chemical-biological integrated approach for the valorization of olive mill wastewaters
No full textAn integrated chemical-biological process for the recovery of natural phenolic compounds from an olive mill wastewater (OMW) and for the anaerobic production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from the pre-treated OMW was developed in this work. The recovery of OMW polyphenols was carried out through solid phase extraction (SPE) by
using Amberlite XAD16 resin as the adsorbent and ethanol as the biocompatible desorbing phase. Thereafter, the acidogenic digestion of the dephenolized OMW was performed in a mesophilic packed-bed biofilm reactor filled with ceramic cubes, who was operated at an OLR of about 5.9 g L-1 day-1. As a result of the integrated process, more than 60% of polyphenols were recovered and 19 gCOD L-1 of VFAs were obtained, representing more than 70% of the anaerobic effluent COD
Discovering and exploiting molecular markers to follow reductive dechlorination in growndwater and sediments
No full textMicrobial resource management is an emerging discipline aimed at the exploitation of complex microbial communities for addressing practical problems. For a straightforward management of such microbial communities the availability of suitable markers for process monitoring and detection of the microbial activities is an essential requirement especially for those processes occurring at low rates.
In the environmental field an impressive series of novel previously-non-recognized microbial processes have been discovered in the last twenty years, including those occurring in anaerobic conditions or along oxic/anoxic interfaces. Among others the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium and methane or the reductive dehalogenation. The latter is very interesting for the removal of chlorinated pollutants that represent a major class of persistent contaminants. These include chlorinated solvents that can contaminate groundwater due to the relatively high water solubility and polychlorinated byphenils (PCBs) that can be major contaminants of soil and sediments. In anaerobic conditions several bacteria have been shown to be capable of flowing electrons deriving from hydrogen or reduced organic compounds using halogenated compounds as electron acceptors. Such a metabolic process determines the displacement of the halogen with a net dehalogenation of the molecule. Despite these processes can be rather slow, they represent a useful tool for the detoxification of environmental matrices from the chlorinated pollutants and can be usefully exploited in situ at relatively low costs, provided that a suitable monitoring system for following the process is available.
Here we show the search of taxonomic and metabolic gene markers related to the dehalogenation of 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) and polychlorinated byphenils. By establishing suitable microcosms we have enriched specific microbiomes capable of addressing the reductive dechlorination of 1,2- DCA from a polluted groundwater and PCBs from contaminated marine sediments. By studying the response of the corresponding microbial communities to the spiking of electron donors we were able to identify novel strains with reductive dechlorination potential and fishing out from the microbial metagenome of the systems novel reductive dehalogenases specifically linked to the dechlorination of 1,2-DCA or associated to the dechlorination of PCBs. The diversity of such enzymes their novelty and specificity for given chlorinated compounds is discussed together with the potential of their genes as suitable markers to follow the process of reductive dechlorination in the field.
This work has been conducted in the frame of the European Community FP7-KBBE-2010-4 project ULIXES, grant agreement N. 266473
Principles of psychosomatic assessment.
No full textThere is increasing awareness of the limitations of disease as the primary focus of medical care. It is not that certain disorders lack an organic explanation, but that our assessment is inadequate in most clinical encounters. The primary goal of psychosomatic medicine is to correct this inadequacy by incorporation of its operational strategies into clinical practice. At present, the research evidence which has accumulated in psychosomatic medicine offers unprecedented opportunities for the identification and treatment of medical problems. Taking full advantage of clinimetric methods (such as with the use of Emmelkamp's two levels of functional analysis and the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research) may greatly improve the clinical process, including shared-decision making and self-management. Endorsement of the psychosomatic perspective may better clarify the pathophysiological links and mechanisms underlying symptom presentation. Pointing to individually targeted methods may improve final outcomes and quality of life
Repeated batch approach as a feasible procedure for the acclimatization of anaerobic consortia capable of an effective biomethanization of mechanically-sorted organic fraction of municipal solid waste
No full textThe acclimatization of anaerobic consortia capable of an effective biomethanization of a mechanically sorted-organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MS-OFMSW) was achieved in this study by following a repeated batch co-digestion approach. Mixtures of MS-OFMSW and cattle manure were processed in successive batch anaerobic digestion processes. Such an approach generally allowed a significantly increasing of the methane production when the MS-OFMSW represented the 30 and 40 % (v/v) of the initial mixture. On the other hand, the acclimated inocula did not adapt efficiently to higher concentration of the target waste MS-OFMSW. The acclimatization of the anaerobic consortia was demonstrated by means of molecular biology tools, by which a high diversity among populations occurring in the experimental matrices and after anaerobic processes was observed
Enhancement of microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in a marine sediment by nanoscale zerovalent iron particles
No full textZerovalent iron is known to effectively dechlorinate many halogenated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons via direct reductive reaction, as well as to be oxidized by water with the production of hydrogen gas, i.e., the preferential electron donor for many dehalorespiring bacteria. In this work, we evaluated the effect of nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) particles on the reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) in anaerobic slurry microcosms of a marine sediment suspended in the site water, i.e., under in situ-like biogeochemical conditions. No abiotic dechlorination and a four-fold increase in the extent and rate of the microbial reductive dechlorination process was observed in the presence of NZVI particles. NZVI also influenced the sulfate-reduction and methanogenic processes, which were both partially inhibited, and the composition of the indigenous bacterial community, leading to the enrichment of the PCB-dechlorinating bacterium Dehalobium chlorocoercia DF-1
Vanillin production from ferulic acid with Pseudomonas fluorescens BF13
No full textBiotechnological processes for the production of vanillin from substrates of natural origin are getting increasing interest since the obtained flavor can be labeled as “natural” according to the EU legislation. In this work, we investigated the possibility of producing vanillin from ferulic acid, i.e., an abundant cell wall constituent in higher plants available from bran processing by-products, by employing resting cells of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain BF13 carrying an insertional inactivation of vdh gene and ech and fcs BF13 genes under the control of native Pfer promoter on a low copy
number plasmid. Process parameters were optimized both for the biomass production phase (pH of the medium, catabolic induction) and the bioconversion phase (pH of the buffer, cells concentration, substrate concentration). Vanillin up to 8.46 mM could be obtained under optimized conditions after 24h of bioconversion with ferulic acid 10 mM as substrate, whereas the highest productivity (0.53 mmoles vanillin L-1 h-1) was obtained using ferulic acid 5 mM
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