13 research outputs found
Technology and market analysis of standard electronic photonic package
No full textThesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-66).Electronic industry will suffer a major turn around in the near future. The current infrastructure will no longer be able to support the increasing data rates. All the disadvantages of copper as current legacy are amplified with the level of bandwidth we are going to experience soon. On the other hand, photonic industry is in the need of finding a new demand source to be able to bring back the state of industry to the "boom" era. With both conditions in mind, it is likely for photonic and electronic industry to emerge. However, the platform for the collaboration has not been mature enough. One of the biggest problems in the photonic industry is the high cost of the package. This, so far, has been one of the major issues holding the industry from gaining back to its golden era. In order to overcome this barrier, standardization has been suggested to be implemented in the industry. This thesis examines the current state of optoelectronic industry, as a convergence of photonic and electronic industry. More specifically, the condition of lack of standardization is analyzed and proven to be the case.(cont.) Interviewing relevant industry players and working closely with the MIT Communications Technology Roadmap-Integration, Packaging and Interconnects Technical Working Group also determine the reason of the condition. Finally, suggestions on the need of standard package and the requirement of standard package are made to hopefully direct the research towards more focused area. For the standard to be the ultimate standard, industry wide implementation has to be the resulting condition. This thesis also examines and suggests steps needed to be taken in order to promote the full implementation of the standard package.by Fatwa Firdaus Abdi.M.Eng
Optische und photoelektrochemische Eigenschaften von Bismut-Vanadat unter epitaktischer Verspannung
No full textDie Bewältigung der Herausforderungen, die der vom Menschen verursachte Klimawandel mit sich bringt, erfordert die beschleunigte Einführung einer Vielzahl von nachhaltigen technologischen Lösungen zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien. Zu diesen Lösungen gehören photoelektrochemische (PEC) Geräte, die für die Solar-to-Fuels-Produktion bestimmt sind und die effizient und stabil sein müssen, um kommerziell rentabel zu sein. Modernste PEC-Geräte verfügen heute über epitaktische Mehrschicht-Photoelektrodenarchitekturen, die eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Erreichung der Mindestwirkungsgrade spielen könnten, die für die kommerzielle Nutzbarkeit solcher Geräte erforderlich sind. Zusätzlich zu den Anforderungen an den Wirkungsgrad dürfte die Einbindung kostengünstiger und relativ stabiler Übergangsmetalloxide in diese epitaktische Photoelektrodenarchitektur die Anforderungen an die Photoelektrodenstabilität erfüllen.
Die Verbesserung der Leistung von Photoelektroden in PEC-Bauelementen beruhte traditionell auf Dotierungs- oder Nanostrukturierungsansätzen. Mit epitaktischen Multischichten als der bevorzugten Photoelektrodenarchitektur könnte die Nutzung der Auswirkungen der Gitterfehlanpassung ein weiterer Ansatz sein. Bevor die Gitterdehnung jedoch sinnvoll genutzt werden kann, ist ein Verständnis der Auswirkungen der Gitterdehnung auf die optoelektronischen und photoelektrochemischen Eigenschaften von Halbleiter-Photoabsorbern entscheidend.
Diese Arbeit kombiniert eine gründliche röntgenbasierte strukturelle Charakterisierung und eine Analyse der Dehnungstensor-Zerlegung mit verschiedenen spektroskopischen Methoden, um die Auswirkungen der epitaktischen Dehnung auf die optoelektronischen und photoelektrochemischen Eigenschaften von monoklinem Scheelit-Wismut-Vanadat (ms-BiVO4) zu bestimmen, das als Modelloxidplattform die breitere Klasse der Übergangsmetalloxide repräsentiert, die für die photoelektrochemische Solar-to-Molecules-Produktion relevant sind. Insbesondere wird in dieser Arbeit das Gesamtbelastungsszenario von (001)-orientiertem epitaktischem BiVO4 aufgezeigt, das auf 8% Y2O3-dotiertem Yttrium-stabilisiertem Zirkoniumdioxid (YSZ) oder auf Indiumzinnoxid (ITO) auf 8 oder 13% dotiertem YSZ abgeschieden wurde, und wie sich diese Belastung auf die optoelektronischen und photoelektrochemischen Eigenschaften von ms-BiVO4 auswirkt.
Epitaktische (001)-orientierte BiVO4-Schicht, die auf 8% Y2O3-dotiertem Yttrium-stabilisiertem Zirkoniumdioxid (YSZ) abgeschieden wurden, erfahren deviatorische Dehnungen, die volumenerhaltende Verzerrungen des BiVO4-Gitters hervorrufen und seine optoelektronischen und photolumineszenten Eigenschaften beeinflussen. Verzerrungen in den BiO8-Dodekaedern aufgrund deviatorischer Dehnungen stören die Tauc-Bandlücken und die Energieniveaus der Lochpolaronen.
Andererseits erfahren epitaktische (001)-orientierte BiVO4-Schichten, die auf ITO/YSZx (x = 8 oder 13% Y2O3-dotiert) abgeschieden wurden, hydrostatische Dehnung. Zughydrostatische Dehnung (auf ITO/YSZ13) führt zu einer Verbreiterung der Bandlücke und erhöhter Lichtabsorption, was jedoch die internen Quanteneffizienzen verschlechtert, was auf eine erhöhte Ladungsträgerlokalisierung und Bulk-Rekombination zurückzuführen ist. Druck-hydrostatische Dehnung (auf ITO/YSZ8) reduziert die Ladungslokalisierung und verbessert die Ladungstrennung und die allgemeinen photoelektrochemischen Eigenschaften. Für diese hydrostatisch gedehnten (001)-orientierten epitaktischen BiVO4-Dünnschichten wurden auch Verluste durch eine nicht einheitliche Fotogenerationsausbeute (englisch photogeneration yield) nachgewiesen; Änderungen der hydrostatischen Dehnung scheinen die Fotogenerationsausbeute jedoch nicht zu beeinflussen.
Die in dieser Arbeit erzielten Ergebnisse tragen zu unserem Verständnis der Auswirkungen epitaktischer Dehnungen auf Übergangsmetalloxide bei und könnten die Grundlage für die rationelle Nutzung epitaktischer Dehnungen zur Entwicklung der Eigenschaften epitaktischer Heterostruktur-Photoelektroden bilden.Meeting the challenges posed by anthropogenically-induced climate change demands the accelerated deployment of a host of sustainable technological solutions to harness renewable energy. Among these solutions are photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices targeted for solar-to-fuels production, which are required to be efficient and stable to be commercially viable. State-of-the-art PEC devices now feature epitaxial multilayer photoelectrode architectures, which could play a key role in meeting the minimum efficiency requirements for the commercial viability of such devices. On top of efficiency requirements, incorporating cost-effective and relatively stable transition metal oxides into this epitaxial photoelectrode architecture may also help to meet the requirements for photoelectrode stability.
Improving the performance of photoelectrodes in PEC devices traditionally relied on doping or nanostructuring approaches. With epitaxial multilayers as the photoelectrode architecture of choice, tapping into the effects of lattice-mismatch strain could become another approach. Before lattice strain could be rationally exploited, however, understanding the effects of lattice strain on the optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical properties of semiconductor photoabsorbers is crucial.
This work combines thorough X-ray based structural characterization and strain tensor decomposition analysis, along with several spectroscopic methods to determine the effects of epitaxial strain on optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical properties of monoclinic scheelite bismuth vanadate (ms-BiVO4) as the model oxide platform to represent the broader class of transition metal oxide relevant to photoelectrochemical solar-to-molecules production. Specifically, this work reveals the overall strain scenario of (001)-oriented epitaxial BiVO4 deposited on 8% Y2O3-doped yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), or on indium tin oxide (ITO) on 8 or 13% doped YSZ, and how this substrate-imposed epitaxial strain impacts the optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical properties of ms-BiVO4.
Epitaxial (001)-oriented BiVO4 films deposited on 8% Y2O3-doped yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) experience deviatoric strains that induce volume-preserving distortions of the BiVO4 lattice and affect its optoelectronic and photoluminescence properties. Distortions in the BiO8 dodecahedra due to deviatoric strain perturb Tauc bandgaps and hole polaron energy levels.
When deposited onto ITO/YSZx (x = 8 or 13% Y2O3-doped) on the other hand, epitaxial (001)-oriented BiVO4 films experience hydrostatic strain. Tensile hydrostatic strain (on ITO/YSZ13) results in slightly increased light absorption, yet this degrades internal quantum efficiencies that is attributable to increased carrier localization and bulk recombination. Compressive hydrostatic strain (on ITO/YSZ8) reduces charge localization and improves charge separation and overall photoelectrochemical properties. Losses due to non-unity photogeneration yield are also demonstrated for these hydrostatically strained (001)-oriented epitaxial BiVO4 thin films; however, changes in hydrostatic strain do not seem to affect photogeneration yield.
The results obtained in this work contribute to, and expand our understanding of the effects of epitaxial strain on transition metal oxides, and could form the basis for the rational exploitation of epitaxial strain to engineer the properties of epitaxial heterostructure photoelectrodes
C015 YIELD IMPROVEMENT
No full textMaster'sMASTER OF SCIENCE IN ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR MICRO- & NANO- SYSTEMSDissertation Supervisors: 1. Au Hing Ho, Principal Engineer, SSMC. 2. Asst Prof Gan Chee Lip, SMA Fellow, NT
Data for: A Modular Double Electrode Flow Cell with Exchangeable Generator and Detector Electrodes
No full textRaw data and processed data shown in figures of the publication titled:
"A Modular Double Electrode Flow Cell with Exchangeable Generator and Detector Electrodes"
DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300126
by
Frederik J. Stender[a], Keisuke Obata[b], Max Baumung[a,c], Fatwa F. Abdi[b], Marcel Risch[a,c]
[a] Frederik Johannes Stender, Max Baumung, Dr. Marcel Risch
Institut für Material Physik
Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37085 Göttingen
E-mail: [email protected]
[b] Dr. Keisuke Obata, Dr. Fatwa Firdaus Abdi
Institut für Solare Brennstoffe
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin
[c] Dr. Marcel Risch
Nachwuchsgruppe Gestaltung des Sauerstoffentwicklungsmechanismus
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH
Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin
E-mail: [email protected]
Report on industrial atttachment with Shell Eastern Petroleum (Pte) Ltd
No full textAuthor developed software for remnant life assessment of high-alloyed steel furnace tubes for hydrogen, ethylene, and direct iron reduction synthesis gas manufacturing
Media Pembelajaran Animasi Shot Size Sinematografi Berbasis Motion Graphic Pada Program Studi TIMD Jurusan Teknik Komputer Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya
No full text
Abstract— The library is one of the sources of information and a place to learn so that any information on borrowing books is stored by the library and will produce data on borrowing books in large sizes. The Abdi Nusa Stikes Library has a total number of 1.535 books. And the book borrowing data at the Abdi Nusa Stikes library for the past 2 years, namely 2016-2017, there are 1,610 borrowers, so it will affect the preparation of the book lending pattern, and besides that the book layout has not well recommended so that visitors find it difficult to find books that are often borrowed. So to overcome this problem the author will look for patterns of borrowing books that are often borrowed simultaneously using the Association rule method. The author will also perform a comparative analysis of the two algorithms used, namely the Apriori algorithm and the ECLAT algorithm. The author has also set a minimum support value of 0.008 and a minimum confidence of
So that the book borrowing data in 2016 and 2017 using the Apriori algorithm and the Eclat Algorithm produce the same rule, namely in 2016 forming 1 rule and 2017 forming 2 rules so that from the formation of the two algorithms it can be seen that the ECLAT algorithm is superior to the Apriori algorithm seen from the value support both
Keywords— Libraries, Association Rule, Apriori Algorithm, ECLAT AlgorithmAbstrak
Â
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Merancang dan membuat media pembelajaran animasi berbasis motion graphic materi macam-macam shot size dan penggunaannya dalam sinematografi di Program Studi TIMD Jurusan Teknik Komputer Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran (2) Mengukur tingkat kelayakan media pembelajaran animasi berbasis motion graphic materi mcam-macam shot size dan penggunaannya dalam sinematografi menurut penilaian ahli dan mahasiswa. Metode penelitian menggunakan Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) dengan melalui 6 tahapan yaitu: (1) konsep, (2) perancangan, (3) pengumpulan materi, (4) pembuatan, (5) pengujian, (6) distribusi. Pengujian tingkat kelayakan media pembelajaran yang telah dibuat dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner ke responden ahli materi, ahli media dan mahasiswa TIMD. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa kelayakan media pembelajaran berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi masuk dalam kategori sangat baik dengan persentase sebesar 85,3%. Berdasarkan penilaian ahli media masuk dalam kategori sangat baik dengan persentase sebesar 86%. Berdasarkan penilaian mahasiswa masuk dalam kategori sangat baik dengan persentase sebesar 87,3%.
 Kata kunci—Media Pembelajaran, Animasi, Motion Graphic, Shot Size, Sinemattograf
Understanding the Roles of NiOx in Enhancing the Photoelectrochemical Performance of BiVO4 Photoanodes for Solar Water Splitting
No full textSolar water oxidation is considered as one of the most promising methods to utilize solar energy efficiently, and bismuth vanadate BiVO4 is a potential photoanode. Catalyst loading on BiVO4 is often used to tackle the limitations of charge recombination and sluggish kinetics. In this study, amorphous nickel oxide NiOx is loaded on BiVO4 by photochemical metal organic deposition method. The resulting NiOx Mo BiVO4 photoanodes demonstrates a 2 fold improvement of photocurrent density of 2.44 mA cm 2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE as compared with uncatalyzed samples. After NiOx modification, both the charge separation and the charge transfer efficiency significantly increase across the entire potential range. It is further elucidated by open circuit photovoltage OCP , time resolved microwave conductivity TRMC and rapid scan voltammetry RSV measurements that NiOx modification introduces larger band bending and promotes efficient charge transfer on the surface of BiVO4. Our work provides insights into designing excellent BiVO4 catalyst assemblies using a simple surface modification route for efficient solar water oxidatio
Releasing the Bubbles: Nanotopographical Electrocatalyst Design for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment
No full textPhotoelectrochemical devices integrate the processes of light absorption, charge separation, and catalysis for chemical synthesis. The monolithic design is interesting for space applications, where weight and volume constraints predominate. Hindered gas bubble desorption and the lack of macroconvection processes in reduced gravitation, however, limit its application in space. Physico-chemical modifications of the electrode surface are required to induce gas bubble desorption and ensure continuous device operation. A detailed investigation of the electrocatalyst nanostructure design for light-assisted hydrogen production in microgravity environment is described. p-InP coated with a rhodium (Rh) electrocatalyst layer fabricated by shadow nanosphere lithography is used as a model device. Rh is deposited via physical vapor deposition (PVD) or photoelectrodeposition through a mask of polystyrene (PS) particles. It is observed that the PS sphere size and electrocatalyst deposition technique alter the electrode surface wettability significantly, controlling hydrogen gas bubble detachment and photocurrent–voltage characteristics. The highest, most stable current density of 37.8 mA cm−2 is achieved by depositing Rh via PVD through 784 nm sized PS particles. The increased hydrophilicity of the photoelectrode results in small gas bubble contact angles and weak frictional forces at the solid–gas interface which cause enhanced gas bubble detachment and enhanced device efficiency
Manipulating the Fate of Charge Carriers with Tungsten Concentration Enhancing Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation of Bi2WO6
No full textBismuth tungstate Bi2WO6 thin film photoanode has exhibited an excellent photoelectrochemical PEC performance when the tungsten W concentration is increased during the fabrication. Plate like Bi2WO6 thin film with distinct particle sizes and surface area of different exposed facets are successfully prepared via hydrothermal reaction. The smaller particle size in conjunction with higher exposure extent of electron dominated 010 crystal facet leads to a shorter electron transport pathway to the bulk surface, assuring a lower charge transfer resistance and thus minimal energy loss. In addition, it is proposed based on the results from conductive atomic force microscopy that higher W concentration plays a crucial role in facilitating the charge transport of the thin film. The self doped of W in Bi2WO6 will lead to the higher carrier density and improved conductivity. Thus, the variation in the W concentration during a synthesis can be served as a promising strategy for future W based photoanode design to achieve high photoactivity in water splitting applicatio
