1,720,977 research outputs found
Essere studente internazionale in un grande ateneo italiano. Strategie di orientamento e costruzione dell’identità sociale nel contesto ospite
Full text linkGli studenti internazionali nelle università vengono considerati dalla letteratura sia
come valore “premiale”, sia come gruppo vulnerabile. L’articolo si concentra
sull’esperienza degli studenti internazionali iscritti in un grande ateneo italiano, con
l’obiettivo di documentare le condizioni e i percorsi di vita e di studio,
focalizzandosi sulla costruzione identitaria attivata nel contesto ospite. Quale
risultato dell’analisi qualitativa e discorsiva effettuata su (14) interviste narrative,
sono stati identificati repertori interpretativi che rappresentano il progressivo
degrado dell’identità (pre)costituita sotto l’etichetta di “studenti internazionali”,
svelando una categoria dai confini sfumati, provvisoria e precaria, dove emergono
denunce di una certa confusione e disorganizzazione del sistema di accoglienza.
L’identità dello studente internazionale ne emerge come interculturale - costruita,
negoziata e contestata (Mantovani, 2004) nell’incontro/scontro con l’altro. Limiti e
implicazioni del presente studio sono discussi in conclusione.International students at universities are considered by the literature both as a
“reward” value and as a vulnerable group. This article focuses on the experience of
international students enrolled in a large Italian university with the purpose of
documenting their studying and living paths and conditions, focusing on the
identity construction triggered by the host context. As a result of qualitative and
discursive analysis undertaken on (14) in-depth interviews, interpretative repertoires
were identified as representing a progressive degradation of the (pre)constituted
identity under the label of "international students", revealing blurred, temporary
and precarious borders. Moreover, the students’ narratives bring forward a critical
perspective on the reception system. Finally, the participants’ identity emerges as
an intercultural one and, as such, constructed, negotiated and challenged
(Mantovani, 2004) in the encounter / clash with the other. Limits and conclusions
of the present study are discussed
"Processi di categorizzazione e di traduzione nelle prese di decisione collettiva: il ruolo dei documenti scritti"
No full textL’analisi qui presentata si colloca nell’ambito di una ricerca più ampia che ha per oggetto lo studio del processo di preparazione e pubblicazione del testo di “Allerta di protezione civile” presso la sede della protezione civile della città di Bologna. In particolare, l’analisi si focalizza sui processi di negoziazione che hanno per oggetto la categorizzazione dei fenomeni meteorologici che devono essere menzionati nell’allerta e sul ruolo che, in tali processi, è giocato dalla consultazione dei documenti scritti.
L’analisi è condotta su dati video registrati che documentano l’attività di redazione della bozza di “Allerta di protezione civile”. La metodologia utilizzata è di tipo qualitativo e si ispira all’etnografia e all’analisi della conversazione. I dati sono stati trascritti sia nei loro aspetti verbali che gestuali.
L’analisi ha mostrato il ruolo centrale dei processi di categorizzazione nella determinazione della presa di decisione (definizione del testo redatto collettivamente). L’analisi delle fasi della negoziazione collettiva ha altresì mostrato come l’utilizzo degli artefatti, testi di allerte precedenti, bollettini meteo, scale di misurazione degli eventi e carte tematiche, costituisca una risorsa centrale per la presa di decisione finale, ma anche per la scansione in fasi e la transizione da una fase all’altra del processo stesso di presa di decisione collettiva
Interculturality in Institutions. Symbols, Practices and Identities
No full textThis book provides qualitative analyses of intercultural sensemaking in a variety
of institutional contexts. It derives from the assumption that in an increasingly culturally
diverse world, individuals often enter contexts that have communal, historically
determined and stable sets of values, norms and expected identities, with little cultural
compass to find their bearings in them. The book goes beyond interpreting differences
in people’s ethnic or linguistic roots and discusses instead people’s interpretive efforts
to navigate different sociocultural situations. The contributors examine such situations
in educational, organizational, medical and community settings and look at how
participants with different levels of sociocultural competences try to cope with and
understand symbols, practices and identities in institutional contexts. In particular, they
analyse how migrants and children cope with institutional constraints and expectations,
and how their creative adjustments come to light.
This book provides insights from the fields of psychology, education, anthropology and
linguistics, and is of interest to a wide readership interested in cultural meaning-making
Information Giving and Enactment of Consent in Written Consent Forms and in Participants' Talk Recorded in a Hospital Setting
No full textThe paper examines the attainment and adequacy of informed consent in an ethnographic-discursive study on gynecological visits involving doctors, patients, and nurses. Starting from a theoretical discussion on informed consent and the principles upon which it relies, the paper highlights the changes and the adjustments that these principle undergo in practice, from the planning of the research till later stages of the researcher's fieldwork and data recording. Analyses first focus on the informed consent as a written artifact and show how the description of the study indexes the prospective participants' identity, as well as, it works in favor of the researcher's (or, other institutional representatives such as the managers of the Hospital) accountability. Then, the authors focus on instances of audio and video recorded doctor-patient-nurse interactions in which information is reformulated by the doctors, in such a way as to anticipate and/or respond to the nurses' and patients' concerns with regards the project (such as, the risk of exposure to the public). The analysis of these episodes carry ethical implications, in that they alert that patients, nurses, and doctors may be not equally knowledgeable about the project and that they can be conceded unequal opportunities to have their interpretations and identity performances acknowledged and inscribed on the tape. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
The structure of the first oncological visit: A conversation analytic study
No full textLa prima visita in oncologia è un evento istituzionale (Drew e Heritage, 1992) altamente complesso sia per medico che per paziente e accompagnatori coinvolti. Il lavoro presenta uno studio conversazionale su un corpus di prime visite oncologiche volto all'esame delle distinte fasi che compongono questo evento. Il corpus di dati è costituito da 36 video registrazioni di visite oncologiche, condotte da due oncologi senior in due differenti ospedali romani. Lo stu-dio aderisce alla prospettiva teorico-metodologica dell'Analisi Conversazionale (Schegloff, 2007), in particolare applicata al contesto medico (Heritage e Maynard, 2006). A partire da indicatori empirici discorsivi e multimodali, sono state identificate 8 fasi attraverso le quali, con diverse durate e complessità, si realizza la visita oncologica: Apertura, Anamnesi, Presentazio-ne della malattia, Stadiazione, Indicazione di trattamento, Prescrizioni e Chiusura. L'analisi qualitativa mostra come paziente e accompagnatore si orientino ai passaggi tra fasi distinte, cooperando con il medico ad assolvere la specifica agenda di attività della visita. Sono discusse le implicazioni dello studio per la ricerca e la comprensione delle forme di partecipazione e strategie di empowerment disponibili ai pazienti per fronteggiare la complessità comunicativa dell'incontro con l'oncologo e ridurre possibili stati d'ansia che si associano a questo evento.The first visit in oncology is an institutional event (Drew and Heritage, 1992), highly complex both for the doctor and the patient. The paper presents a study on a corpus of first oncological visits and it examines the distinctive stages of this event. The data corpus is constituted by 36 videorecordings of oncological visits, conducted by two senior oncologists in two different hospitals in Rome. The study is conducted within the Conversation Analytic perspective (Schegloff, 2007), particularly applied to the medical context (Heritage and Maynard, 2006). Relying on discursive and multimodal markers, 8 stages have been identified, of different lenght and degree of complexity, along which the visit unfolds: Opening, History taking, Cancer problem presentation, Stadiation, Treatment recommendation, Prescriptions and Closing. The qualitative analyses show how patients and companions (when present) orient to these boundaries and to relevant transitions between stages, thus cooperating with the doctor in the accomplishment of the specific agenda of the visit. Implications of the study are discussed for the study and understanding of the forms of participation and empowerment strategies available to patients to cope with the communicative complexity of the encounter with the oncologist and with the potential anxiety accompanying this event
Presenting treatment options in breast cancer consultations: Advice and consent in Italian medical care
No full textVariety, complexity and uncertainty in the therapy outcomes of cancer illness make the treatment recommendation (TR) in oncology a “monumentally difficult task”. Previous studies have distinguished unilateral and bilateral formats of treatment recommendations, accordingly to whether, or to what extent, the patient's perspective is included in the consideration of therapeutic options. Others have also shown how the oncologists' presentation of therapeutic options varied accordingly to the severity of the diagnosis and the availability of alternatives. Yet, no study has systemically dentified and compared components of treatment recommendation in oncology on a common set of patients and clinicians. This paper analyzes how different options in breast cancer treatments - radiotherapy, hormone therapy and chemotherapy - are presented and discussed in a set of 12 first post-surgical breast cancer visits carried out by two oncologists of high experience and seniority in two Italian hospitals. Treatment recommendation sequences involving these three option types were analyzed using the methods of conversation analysis. They were also coded for the mention of side effects and treatment burden, and for whether consent to the recommendation was invited, or expressed by the patient. Results show that radiotherapy is presented as presupposed as an extension of surgery and is not further discussed, and hormone therapy is delivered as good news and as not implying any health or lifestyle burdens. Treatment burdens were raised in the much more extensive discussions of chemotherapy, which were also accompanied by a higher chance that the patient was asked for consent to therapy. Implications are drawn as regards the extent to which clinical practice meets theory in communication protocols available in oncology, and how to consider the doctor-patient partnership and the concept of shared decision-making in such an encounter
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