1,721,041 research outputs found
Identifying Predictive Factors in Compliance with the COVID-19 Containment Measures: A Mediation Analysis
Full text linkGiusy Danila Valenti, Palmira Faraci Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, University of Enna “Kore”, Enna, ItalyCorrespondence: Giusy Danila ValentiCittadella Universitaria, 94100, ItalyEmail [email protected]: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led governments to implement some containment measures to flatten the curve of the diffusion of the virus. The current study aims to investigate individual differences in compliance with these restrictive behaviors. In a sample of Italian individuals (N = 300), we examined whether sociodemographic factors, personality traits, fatalism, and fear could be considered as possible predictors.Methods: We performed a series of standard multiple regression analyses and proposed a mediation analysis to test the associations among variables.Results: Overall, our results suggested that men are less likely to engage in preventive behaviors, younger individuals are more reluctant to adhere to social distancing mandates, and fear has a functional role in predicting positive outcomes.Conclusion: The results of our analyses are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.Keywords: pandemic, restrictions, protective variables, health behavior
L'effetto del sovraccarico di scelta: un'indagine su bambini, adolescenti, adulti e anziani
No full textL’effetto del sovraccarico di scelta è stato finora studiato prevalentemente su
adulti. L’unico studio condotto su fasce di età diverse dagli adulti ha fornito una
prima dimostrazione del fatto che le conseguenze negative dell’avere troppa scelta
non si estendono in egual misura a bambini, adolescenti, adulti e anziani.
Il presente lavoro si propone di indagare ulteriormente le conseguenze negative
dell’avere troppa scelta su bambini, adolescenti e anziani. I dati suggeriscono
che mentre gli adolescenti sono influenzati dal fenomeno in modo simile agli
adulti, i bambini e gli anziani sembrano invece esserne immuni.
Sono discusse le implicazioni teoriche e pratiche dei risultati e sono forniti
spunti per ulteriori ricerch
Misurare la soddisfazione lavorativa: costruzione di uno strumento di indagine multidimensionale
Full text linkBackground: Although numerous studies have been done on the topic of job satisfaction, as regards the Italian research, the construction of specific psychometric instruments is lacking. Objectives: The present paper is aimed to develop a scale to measure job satisfaction referring to our cultural context. Methods: Participants were 222 workers (36.5% males, 635% females) with an average age of 3839 years (SD = 10.91). The formulated items were selected from a large item pool on the basis of the evaluation by a group of expert judges, and the item analysis procedure. In order to establish test validity, the following instruments were also administered: Occupational Stress Indicator, Satisfaction With Life Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses highlighted a 6-factor structure. Those factors were responsible for 51.30% of the total variance. Reliability analyses indicated satisfying internal consistency (ranging from a =.73 to a =.86). Construct validity was supported by results obtained calculating correlations with the theoretically associated variables. Conclusions: Our findings suggest promising psychometric properties for the presented measure. The instrument could be used in specific programs developed to promote well-being conditions in work settings
Instruments Measuring Fatalism: A Systematic Review
No full textThis systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the existing scales for fatalism, along with information regarding their methodological robustness. A systematic search was conducted in PsycINFO (PsycARTICLES and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences), PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and Web of Science. Articles were selected if they described a Self-Report questionnaire properly designated for assessing fatalism (both original developments and further validations), if they included a measure in which fatalism is the core construct rather than a subscale of a multidimensional scale, and if they were published in peer-reviewed journals in the English language. The methodological quality of the retrieved instruments was appraised using Skinner’s (1981) validity evidence framework. From the starting number of 1,210 records, the screening process led to 16 studies examining the psychometric properties of eight instruments. Our findings offer a general overview of the available fatalism scales, providing evidence of the variety of ways in which fatalism has been conceptualized and assessed. The systematic analysis, the rigorous methodological appraisal, and the critical discussion about the reported scales’ features may represent a useful guide for scholars and practitioners in choosing measures with a high level of quality for their research aims. Limitations and directions for future research are also discusse
Evaluating acculturation among adolescents: Instruments and methodologies for measurement
No full textAlthough a wide literature has highlighted the importance of studying the acculturation processes and its implications as a risk factor for the psychosocial adaptation, currently, very few instruments developed on ad hoc basis for adolescents are available. The present paper offers a review of the instruments for evaluating acculturation among adolescents. Based on an international literature-based analysis, structural features, psychometric qualities, strengths and points of weakness are indicated for each presented measure. Psychometric features, which needs to be gathered in order to advance assessment methods and techniques in this area, are discussed to help both choosing among existing measures and promoting research aimed to the development of specifically designed measures
Instruments measuring omophobia: A systematic review
No full textThe aim of this systematic review is to provide a general overview of the available measures to assess homophobia and internalized homophobia, and to explain their structural features and their psychometric properties. Nearly all of the reviewed scales achieved satisfactory reliability and construct validity. This review represents a useful tool to support researchers in choosing the most appropriate scale for their research purposes. Furthermore, this work could inspire the creation of new instruments or the validation of existing measures in the Italian socio-cultural context
Predicting university adjustment from coping-styles, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and personality: Findings from a survey in a sample of Italian students
Full text linkStarting university life requires that students learn to cope with several personal, academic, and social challenges. A wide array of variables affects how students adjust to university life. This study was aimed to investigate which factors among coping styles, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and personality traits (i.e., diligence, relational availability, mental flexibility, activity, and emotional stability) best predicted the levels of university adjustment in a sample of university freshmen (N = 204, 63% women). Data were collected using self-report instruments. Multiple regressions analyses were conducted to identify the most significant predictors of adjustment to college. Our findings reported that self-efficacy, task-, and emotion-oriented coping were the most significant predictors, together with relational availability and mental flexibility. These findings might improve the growing knowledge concerning university adjustment, supporting main previous research. The observed relationships between university adjustment and the measured variables suggest intriguing considerations about the importance for schools and universities of providing interventions for students that aim to develop and strengthen the investigated personality facets, reducing withdrawal, behavioral and/or mental disengagement, and promoting academic achievement and success
Emotional intelligence and social support: Two key factors in preventing occupational stress during COVID-19
Full text linkEmotional intelligence (EI) and social support are among the most investigated hypothesized variables that affect stress at work. The current study aims to evaluate the direct association between EI and occupational stress and its indirect relationship mediated by three sources of social support during the spread of the COVID-19. The total sample was composed of 367 individuals (53.7% males), aged from 20 to 68 (M = 37.84, SD = 10.39), who filled out an online questionnaire. A mediation analysis was performed to test the hypothesized relationships. Our findings showed that EI has a direct effect on psychological effects and an indirect effect on almost all the facets of occupational stress. The significant mediators were social support from both family and friends. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and directions for future studies are suggested
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