1,721,049 research outputs found
Generative Models for Relief Perspective Architectures
Full text linkThe present essay investigates the potential of generative representation applied to the study of relief perspective architectures realized in Italy between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In arts, and architecture in particular, relief perspective is a three-dimensional structure able to create the illusion of great depths in small spaces. A method of investigation applied to the case study of the Avila Chapel in Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome (Antonio Gherardi 1678) is proposed. The research methodology can be extended to other cases and is based on the use of a Relief Perspective Camera, which can create both a linear perspective and a relief perspective. Experimenting mechanically and automatically the perspective transformations from the affine space to the illusory space and vice versa has allowed us to see the case study in a different light
Le superfici rigate e le superfici sviluppabili: una rilettura attraverso il laboratorio virtuale
Full text linkThe objective of this study is to reveal the properties of ruled surfaces and developable surfaces through Virtual laboratory and, overall, to be a contribution to the renewal of descriptive geometry. The basis of the research lies within the scientic foundations of drawing and of mathematical representation method. The study’s structure can be divided into two essential moments: - the historical recognition on ruled surfaces from the point of view of solid geometry and descriptive and projective geometry, going from the treaty of J.N. P. Hachette (1828) to the texts of G. Fiedler (1878), F. Aschieri (1888) and G. Fano (1925); - the rereading of theoretical propositions concerning this two type of surfaces, through a series of experiments carried out within the virtual laboratory of new descriptive geometry. A virtual laboratory can be de_ ned as a digital workshop, where it is possible to control directly in a three-dimensional space the problems of shapes’ generation that may be found in geometry and architecture. As a matter of fact, computer, besides its limits in modeling, has proved to be an essential tool for the display of some properties of ruled surfaces. Several theoretical concepts I have analyzed are only enunciated in literature, but were never represented. The reason is the complexity of these drawings that could only be realized with the rule and compasses at that time. I am referring to some properties explained by J. N. P. Hachette and G. Fano, but not only these. Hachette was a mathematician, as was Monge before him. Most of his thoughts on ruled surfaces are the result of analytical studies or geometrical intuitions; as a consequence, when the representation becomes too complex it is left to the readers’ imagination. In conclusion, the objective of this research is also to reveal through representation what was only enunciated with words on theoretical basis. In this respect, I believe that the greatest contribution of informatics revolution to the study of descriptive geometry is the consolidation of drawing as an instrument of the logic, in other words as a tool for discovery and verication of geometrical thoughts
Representation and Experimentation: A Digital Synthetic Approach
No full textThis paper describes the use of the synthetic method through digital generative algorithms in the study of
geometry. In particular, this paper describes the construction of a ruled surface that rests on three skew
lines in the method of mathematical representation. This study is part of a bigger picture that has as its
goal the renewal of the study of geometry according to the synthetic method, in other words through the
use of drawing in the virtual laboratory. The drawing in this sense is a logical tool to understand the
geometry in space. The possibility of constructing algorithms to generate and control geometric shape
allows having a greater control on both the final form and, above all, on the generative process of form
itself. This is particularly important for those who have a synthetic approach in the study of geometry. It
refers to the ability to view the entire creative process of the shape and the ability to alter some parameters
to improve the result. The representation of the algorithms allows having both an overview and a
detailed view of the entire creative process
Elementi per una morfologia dei portici bolognesi
No full textLa rappresentazione dei Portici di Bologna offre diversi spunti di ricerca riguardo ai metodi di rilievo e alla costruzione dei modelli di architettura. Lo studio definisce quelle metodologie e quelle tecnologie digitali che permettono di fruire i modelli stessi e i contenuti ad esso collegati a fini divulgativi e documentativi. Il capitolo affronta, in primo luogo, il tema della struttura semantica di un modello digitale, dei vantaggi che da tale tipo di struttura discendono e le basi teoriche a partire dalle quali tali strutture sono definite nel caso specifico degli edifici architettonici con portico; affronta, successivamente, il tema della segmentazione ed etichettatura dei modelli, comprese anche le procedure automatizzate, utilizzabili una volta che sia stata definita una determinata struttura semantica. Il testo espone i criteri che sono stati adoperati nella applicazione di tali metodi al caso particolare degli edifici con portico a Bologna; tratta il tema della definizione di modelli a differente livelli di dettaglio servendosi della struttura semantica e, infine, espone le tecniche per ottenere un modello ideale/normalizzato utile alla costituzione di database di oggetti segmentati adoperati come ground-truth nelle tecniche di apprendimento, a partire da un modello poligonalizzato che riproduce un oggetto reale, con tutte le sue singolarità, eccezioni, ‘difetti'
Sperimentazione sulla Cupola della Cappella Pazzi. Dal rilievo al modello interpretativo.
No full textTriassialità
No full textDeriva da assiale, a sua volta da asse, dal lat. ăxe(m); con il prefisso tri-, col valore di tre. Generalmente la T. indica uno stato spaziale definito su tre assi, in contrasto con uno stato piano o monoassiale. La T. si ritrova in matematica nelle coordinate cartesiane estese allo spazio (x, y, z), negli assi principali delle quadriche o ancora come sistema di riferimento nei metodi della rappresentazione grafica. Allo stesso modo nello stato tensionale la T. indica uno stato che necessita di una descrizione tridimensionale, e viene descritto da un tensore caratterizzato da nove componenti. Queste possono ridursi a tre (tensioni principali) se lo stato viene riferito a direzioni privilegiate chiamate direzioni principali. Un particolare stato tensionale é lo stato idrostatico caratterizzato dalla uguaglianza delle tre tensioni principali. La T. degli stati tensionali oltre che per via matriciale può essere descritta per via grafica. Una nota costruzione grafica é la costruzione dei cosiddetti circoli di Mohr
Monge e il problema del vertice di piramide: una applicazione alla restituzione di quote e volumi da una fotografia del 1892 Monge and the three point space resection problem: an application to the reconstruction of heights and volumes from a photograph of 1892
No full textThe purpose of photogrammetric restitution is the reconstruction
of the volumes, now lost, located along the road that crosses the village, on the left side of the photo. The reconstruction of points in space from twodimensional images is possible if these photos are projective figure and we have at least two projective oriented stars. The first image is a vintage photograph, the second is a figure reconstructed from an aerial photo of AM in 1938 and from the survey of the masonry still present at the site. For the survey, one of the two projective stars is assimilated to a class of vertical
straight lines. With regard to photography, the problem is decomposed into two typical phases of photogrammetric processes: the internal orientation and the absolute orientation. For the absolute orientation we used the method of the pyramid vertex which, in use since the Eighteenth Century, consists in determining the projection center from three given points of
which are known the positions in space
Reconstrucción del proyecto de S. Margherita de 1685 tal y como fue diseñado por Agostino Barelli
Full text linkHighlights:
This study presents a structured methodology for the hypothetical digital 3D reconstruction of unbuilt or demolishedbuildings.
The critical digital model (CDM) of the lost church of S. Margherita in Bologna designed by Agostino Barelli in 1685 was built.
The reconstructive methodology is exhaustive, easily reproducible and transparent, and the 3D model is built and published in a way that is interoperableand accessible.
Abstract:
This paper presents a structured three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction methodology of architectural heritage adopted and implemented in the context of the CoVHer (Computer-based Visualisation of architectural Heritage) Erasmus+ project. The methodology consists of a multi-step process for hypothetically reconstructing never-built or demolished architectural heritage from the past in the form of 3D digital models. This reconstruction methodology was tested over the years with professionals, scholars and laypersons, on several case studies in the context of international workshops, museum exhibitions, VR dissemination, and it was also tested with students at the architectural drawing course at the University of Bologna. This last experimentation was particularly important because fostered us to systematise its steps and make it more easily sharable and applicable while not compromising quality and robustness. The methodological steps that we are going to address and discuss in this paper are: a) data acquisition, b) critical evaluation of historical and architectural sources, c) 2D digital redrawing of graphic material, d) construction of the 3D model, e) visualisation, f) uncertainty assessment and communication, g) documentation, and h) publication with a particular focus on interoperability and accessibility. These steps are explained in detail in order to be applicable to similar case studies and foster reproducibility, comparability, accessibility, transparency, and interoperability of the digital reconstruction. These are the key principles already recommended by the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable), the Seville Principles, and the London Charter, among others. The methodology, despite being tested on various case studies and fields, has been proven to be particularly effective for never-built or demolished architectural heritage with known authors. This paper presents the case study of the reconstruction of the unbuilt Church of S. Margherita in Bologna, designed by Agostino Barelli in 1685. This exemplary case study covers all aspects of our reconstruction methodology.Este artículo presenta una metodología de reconstrucción tridimensional (3D) estructurada del patrimonio arquitectónico, adoptada e implementada en el marco del proyecto Erasmus+ CoVHer (‘Computer-based Visualisation of architectural Heritage’). La metodología consiste en un proceso en múltiples etapas que permite reconstruir hipotéticamente, en forma de modelos digitales 3D, el patrimonio arquitectónico nunca construido o demolido del pasado. Esta metodología de reconstrucción se ha probado a lo largo de los años con profesionales, académicos y el público general en varios estudios de caso en el contexto de talleres internacionales, exposiciones en museos, difusión en realidad virtual (VR), y también con estudiantes del curso de dibujo arquitectónico de la Universidad de Bolonia. Esta última experimentación fue particularmente importante porque nos permitió sistematizar los pasos y hacerlos más fácilmente compartibles y aplicables, sin comprometer la calidad ni la robustez. Los pasos metodológicos que abordaremos y discutiremos en este artículo son: a) adquisición de datos, b) evaluación crítica de fuentes históricas y arquitectónicas, c) redibujado digital 2D del material gráfico, d) construcción del modelo 3D, e) visualización, f) evaluación y comunicación de la incertidumbre, g) documentación, y h) publicación con un enfoque particular en la interoperabilidad y accesibilidad. Estos pasos se explican detalladamente para que sean aplicables a casos de estudio similares y fomenten la reproducibilidad, comparabilidad, accesibilidad, transparencia e interoperabilidad de la reconstrucción digital. Estos son los principios clave recomendados bajo los principios FAIR (encontrables, accesibles, interoperables y reutilizables), los Principios de Sevilla y la Carta de Londres, entre otros. La metodología, aunque ha sido probada en varios estudios de caso y campos, ha demostrado ser particularmente efectiva en patrimonio arquitectónico nunca construido o demolido cuyos autores son conocidos. Este artículo presenta el estudio de caso de la reconstrucción de la Iglesia no construida de Santa Margherita en Bolonia, diseñada por Agostino Barelli en 1685. Este caso de estudio ejemplar abarca todos los aspectos de nuestra metodología de reconstrucción
Porta Aurea in Ravenna: a digital hypothetical reconstruction
No full textWithin the theoretical and methodological framework of the challenges and opportunities offered by 3D models digital archives, one of most critical topic is related to define new protocols for processing spatial data, in supporting a project of virtual reconstruction, able to validate the results and guarantee full transparency of any reconstructive study. The study of Porta Aurea, a roman gate in Ravenna, has been interesting some of the most famous architects over the centuries. The proposed virtual reconstruction is based on joining reality-based survey of some archaeological findings with a wide kind of historical sources (drawings, images, contributions and analysis of the in-situ structures). This case-study involves some fundamental problems related to the definition of reconstructive hypotheses. In this paper we will describe a methodological workflow - from data acquisition to the formulation of reliable hypotheses related to the representation and visualization of different architectural elements (characterized by a defined level of uncertainty) - able to allow the verification of the assumptions used during the reconstruction pipeline
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