1,721,170 research outputs found
Tumours
No full textDetection of a brain lesion is the first diagnostic step in patients with symptoms and signs suggesting the presence of a brain tumour. Imaging is primarily done to prove or rule out the presence of such a lesion. The first diagnostic evaluation is based on neuroradiological imaging, and when the diagnosis of brain tumour is highly suspicious, the type of tumour should be characterized along with its grade of malignancy, as morphological imaging alone in not specific enough to give full comprehension of brain lesions. In recent years, after continuous developments in MRI, neuroimaging has evolved into a comprehensive diagnostic tool that allows the characterization of morphological and biological alterations to diagnose and grade brain tumours and to monitor and assess treatment response and patient prognosis
The use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the evaluation of the natural history of multiple sclerosis
No full textMarchiafava-Bignami disease: Longitudinal MR imaging and MR spectroscopy study
No full textA case of Marchiafava-Bignami disease was serially evaluated with MR imaging and MR spectroscopy at 1, 2,4, and 11 months after the onset of symptoms. The first MR imaging study showed extensive abnormal signal intensity of the corpus callosum without macroscopic changes; a diagnosis of Marchiafava-Bignami disease was made, and vitamin therapy was initiated. Follow-up studies showed progressive reduction of signal intensity abnormalities and residual callosal atrophy. MR spectroscopy revealed progressive reduction of the N-acetylaspartate:creatine ratio, with partial recovery in the last study, and a normalization of the choline:creatine ratio, which was initially slightly increased. Lactate was detectable during the subacute phase and was replaced by lipids after 4 months. This study confirmed the role of MR imaging in diagnosing Marchiafava-Bignami disease and particularly the value of MR spectroscopy in focusing the pathogenesis of the disease, monitoring its evolution and changes related to therapy
Advancements in Neuroimaging to Unravel Biological and Molecular Features of Brain Tumors
No full textIn recent years, the clinical assessment of primary brain tumors has been increasingly dependent on advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in order to infer tumor pathophysiological characteristics, such as hemodynamics, metabolism, and microstructure. Quantitative radiomic data extracted from advanced MRI have risen as potential in vivo noninvasive biomarkers for predicting tumor grades and molecular subtypes, opening the era of “molecular imaging” and radiogenomics. This review presents the most relevant advancements in quantitative neuroimaging of advanced MRI techniques, by means of radiomics analysis, applied to primary brain tumors, including lower-grade glioma and glioblastoma, with a special focus on peculiar oncologic entities of current interest. Novel findings from diffusion MRI (dMRI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and MR spectroscopy (MRS) are hereby sifted in order to evaluate the role of quantitative imaging in neuro-oncology as a tool for predicting molecular profiles, stratifying prognosis, and characterizing tumor tissue microenvironments. Furthermore, innovative technological approaches are briefly addressed, including artificial intelligence contributions and ultra-high-field imaging new techniques. Lastly, after providing an overview of the advancements, we illustrate current clinical applications and future perspectives
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