4,570 research outputs found
Strategie di Modellazione e Tecniche di Rilevamento dei Pasti in supporto ad un Pancreas Artificiale Individualizzato e Completamente Automatizzato
No full textLa malattia autoimmune conosciuta come diabete di tipo 1 (T1D) è caratterizzata dalla distruzione delle cellule beta pancreatiche, le quali sono responsabili della produzione di insulina. La conseguente incapacità di produrre insulina è associata a livelli anomali di glucosio. Oltre all'infusione di insulina, la terapia del diabete convenzionale mira a mantenere la glicemia nel range di normalità regolando la dieta e l'attività fisica sulla base di 4-5 misurazioni giornaliere della glicemia (SMBG), ottenute mediante sensori pungidito. Fortunatamente, negli ultimi anni sono stati aperti nuovi scenari nel trattamento del diabete. I sensori di monitoraggio continuo del glucosio (CGM) sono in grado di monitorare la concentrazione di glicemia in modo continuo (cioè con una lettura ogni 1-5 min) per diversi giorni (7-10 giorni consecutivi), consentendo di monitorare la dinamica del glucosio in modo più efficace rispetto ai sensori SMBG. Le pompe portatili per l'infusione sottocutanea continua erogano insulina attraverso un catetere e consentono al paziente di modificare il dosaggio durante il giorno. Un altro promettente progresso è il cosiddetto pancreas artificiale (AP), un sistema che utilizza algoritmi di controllo per modulare automaticamente l'infusione di insulina. Si noti che l'uso combinato di dispositivi CGM, pompe per insulina, AP e applicazioni dedicate ha offerto la possibilità di registrare diversi tipi di informazioni, ad esempio dati di glicemia, insulina, pasti, attività fisica ed eventi quotidiani. Tutte queste serie temporali possono essere utilizzate sia in modo retrospettivo, ad esempio per ottimizzare la terapia di controllo, sia attraverso applicazioni in tempo reale: infatti, la gestione del T1D può essere migliorata da predizioni dei livelli futuri di glucosio e dalla progettazione di specifici sistemi di allarme, attraverso i quali è possibile rilevare e prevenire situazioni critiche. Inoltre, diversi algoritmi di controllo per AP sfruttano i modelli predittivi, incluso l'approccio "model predictive control" (MPC). La componente chiave sia dei sistemi di allarme che dell'AP è il modello utilizzato per descrivere la dinamica del glucosio, che deve essere in grado di affrontare la variabilità inter- e intra-soggetto: la risposta del glucosio all'insulina e al pasto è diversa in ogni persona, e nello stesso paziente cambia nel tempo. Questo problema può essere affrontato imparando e aggiornando i modelli della dinamica glucosio-insulina specifici di ogni paziente. Inoltre, questi ultimi possono essere utilizzati per progettare algoritmi di allerta individualizzati o per personalizzare l'algoritmo di controllo di un AP. Nonostante i vantaggi, gli attuali sistemi AP sono lontani dal soddisfare tutte le aspettative. Una delle richieste degli utenti è di eliminare il conteggio dei carboidrati. In effetti, i sistemi AP commerciali hanno adottato questo conteggio per superare le sfide del controllo postprandiale. Tuttavia, i ritardi tra la traccia CGM e la glicemia reale, oltre alle dinamiche di assorbimento dell'insulina sottocutanea, limitano l'efficacia dell'AP nella compensazione dell'assorbimento del glucosio postprandiale. Nei sistemi AP che richiedono il questo conteggio, ovvero "AP ibridi", gli utenti devono fornire una stima del contenuto del pasto affinché l'AP possa erogare un bolo di insulina pre-pasto. Questo bolo pre-pasto anticipa la necessità di insulina, migliorando così il controllo postprandiale. Tuttavia, il conteggio potrebbe ridurre le prestazioni dell'AP a causa di annunci mancati o ritardati e stime di carboidrati imprecise. Una possibile soluzione è l'uso di algoritmi di rilevamento dei pasti, un passo cruciale verso un “AP completamente automatizzato”. Lo scopo di questa tesi è esplorare e valutare nuove strategie e metodi di predizione per individualizzare e migliorare la gestione del T1D, verso un AP più efficace, personalizzato e completamente automatizzato.The autoimmune metabolic disease called type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells, responsible for insulin production. The consequent inability to produce insulin, a crucial hormone in glucose homeostasis, is associated with anomalous blood glucose (BG) levels in the body. Besides insulin infusion, conventional diabetes therapy aims at maintaining glycemia in the normal range by tuning diet and physical activity on the basis of 4-5 daily self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) measurements, obtained by the patient using portable minimally-invasive lancing sensor devices.
Fortunately, new scenarios in diabetes treatment have been opened in the last 20 years. Minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensors are able to monitor glucose concentration in the subcutis continuously (i.e., with a reading every 1 to 5 min) over several days (7-10 consecutive days), allowing tracking glucose dynamics much more effectively than SMBG. Portable pumps for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) deliver insulin through an intradermal catheter and allow the user to change the dosage during the day. Another promising advancement in T1D management is the so-called artificial pancreas (AP), a system that uses closed-loop control (CLC) algorithms to automatically modulate insulin infusion.
Note that the combined use of CGM devices, insulin pumps, AP systems, and dedicated mobile applications brought the possibility of recording different types of information, for instance, CGM data, insulin, meal, physical activity, and self-reported life events.
All these glycemia-related time series can be used both retrospectively, e.g., to optimize metabolic control therapy, and in real-time applications: in fact, T1D management can be considerably improved by accurate predictions of future glucose levels and by the design of specific alarm systems through which upcoming critical situations can be detected and prevented. Moreover, several control algorithms for AP leverage predictive models, including the model predictive control (MPC).
The key component of both predictive alert systems and AP is the mathematical model used to describe glucose dynamics, which must be able to deal with inter- and intra-subject variability: the glucose response to insulin and meal is different in every person, and even in the same patient changes over time. This issue can be addressed by learning and updating patient-specific models of the glucose-insulin dynamics and using them to design individualized predictive alert algorithms or to personalize the model-based CLC algorithm of an AP system.
Despite the many advantages, current AP systems are far from fulfilling all users' expectations. One of AP users' demands is to remove carbohydrate counting. In fact, commercial AP systems have adopted carbohydrate (CHO) counting to overcome the challenges of postprandial control. CGM lags and subcutaneous insulin absorption dynamics limit the AP effectiveness in post-meal glucose absorption compensation. In AP systems requiring CHO counting, i.e., "hybrid AP", users must provide an estimation of the meal CHO content for the AP to deliver a pre-meal insulin bolus. This pre-meal bolus advances the insulin needs to compensate for the glucose rise despite absorption delays, improving postprandial control. However, CHO counting might degrade AP performance due to timing delays, announcement omissions, and inaccurate CHO estimations. In addition, the extra burden on the users constitutes a reason for disconformity with the technology. A possible solution is the use of automated meal detection algorithms, a crucial step towards a "fully-automated AP".
The aim of this thesis is to explore and assess new prediction strategies and methods to individualize and to improve the management of T1D, towards a more effective, personalized, and fully-automated AP
sj-docx-1-dst-10.1177_19322968221093665 – Supplemental material for Combined Use of Glucose-Specific Model Identification and Alarm Strategy Based on Prediction-Funnel to Improve Online Forecasting of Hypoglycemic Events
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-dst-10.1177_19322968221093665 for Combined Use of Glucose-Specific Model Identification and Alarm Strategy Based on Prediction-Funnel to Improve Online Forecasting of Hypoglycemic Events by Simone Faccioli, Francesco Prendin, Andrea Facchinetti, Giovanni Sparacino and Simone Del Favero in Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology</p
Rozpor ako východisko, láska ako smer u Simone Weilovej (Contradiction as base, Love as direction in writings of Simone Weil)
No full textArticle is explaining contradiction and love, Simone Weil‘s essential terms of hermeneutics of human Being. It introduces close relation of these terms with her understanding of God as well as with her overall concept of religion. Author also mentions Simone Weil‘s inspirations with philosophical and spiritual concepts of the East
“I beg you to tell me what has become of Djamila”: The Political Mobilization of Simone de Beauvoir’s Readers During the Boupacha Affair
No full textBy Sophia Millman This is a condensed version of a Masters thesis dedicated to the political mobilization of Simone de Beauvoir’s readers. The citations from the letters were translated from French by the author. *** On June 2, 1960, the French government ordered all copies of the daily Algiers edition of Le Monde seized and destroyed to suppress the publication of Simone de Beauvoir’s article “Pour Djamila Boupacha.” Beauvoir, a self-professed “woman of letters”, not “of action[1]”, and one ..
A comparative study of form and theology in the works of Flannery O'Connor and Simone Weil
No full textIn this comparative study of the form and theology of Flannery O'Connor and Simone Weil I interrogate how Weil's philosophical writings and her theology illuminate O'Connor's use of both narrative and non-fictional forms, and her Catholicism. The Introduction analyses how Weil's concept of superposed reading provides a new method of approaching both O'Connor, her writings, and O'Connor
studies, and focuses on how such apparently different women interconnect. Chapter One explores how both Weil and O'Connor attempt to write their theologies on the
souls of their readers yet are each subject to constraints imposed by form. Weil's concept of locating equilibrium between incommensurates is discussed, and her
distinctively philosophical approach to fictions and fictionality is used to investigate O'Connor's notion of prophetic fictions and the writer's role. Chapter Two assesses how both writers revivify Christian paradoxes. Weil's monstrous concept of affiiction, and O'Connor's use of the grotesque genre to jolt secular man into an
awareness of the sacred are scrutinised. Chapter Three studies how both writers consider an encounter between God and man is possible through the action of grace. My Conclusion interrogates how Weil's work can deepen our understanding of O'Connor's writings, and examines how successful O'Connor is at realising a truly
Christian literature. I conclude that despite being a writer of powerful fictions, O'Connor can not be totally successful in her mission as writer-prophet because
ultimately fiction escapes orthodoxy
Microlinices benthovus Simone 2014
No full textbenthovus, Microlinices Simone, 2014 Microlinices benthovus Simone, 2014: 575–578 (figs 6A–J, 7A–H, 11A–C). Gastropoda, Naticidae Paratypes (22 spc): MZSP 105269. Paratypes 1 (15 spc): MZSP 105270. Paratypes 2 (16 spc): MZSP 105271. Paratypes 3 (7 spc): MZSP 105272. Localities: Brazil, Espírito Santo, off Itaúnas, Abrolhos Slope, 18°59' S, 37°50' W, MD55 sta. DC 73, 637 m depth, 27 May 1987; 1) 19°00' S, 37°48' W, MD55 sta. DC72, 950– 1050 m, 27 May 1987; 2) off Regência, 19°40' S, 37°48' W, MD55 sta. CB77, 790– 940 m depth, 27 May 1987; 3) off Itaúnas, Abrolhos Slope, 19°01' S, 37°47' W, MD55 sta. CB79, 1500–1575 m depth, 28 May 1987. Collectors: P. Bouchet, J.H. Leal and B. Métivier. Preservation: Dry. Remarks: Former MNHN, Paris. The catalogue number MZSP 105250 is mentioned twice in Simone’s (2014) paper, among the paratypes of M. ibitingus Simone, 2014 and M. benthovus. This duplicity was a mistake by the author: the latter is an erroneous designation and should be disregarded. The only valid paratype lots for M. benthovus are the ones shown above.Published as part of Cavallari, Daniel C., Dornellas, Ana Paula S. & Simone, Luiz Ricardo L., 2016, Second annotated list of type specimens of molluscs deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 1-59 in European Journal of Taxonomy 213 on page 10, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.213, http://zenodo.org/record/384012
Was bringt die Föderalismusreform? Wahrscheinliche Effekte der geänderten Zustimmungspflicht
No full textThe recently enacted reform of German federalism is supposed to make legislation faster, more efficient and better. To what extent are these expectations justified? In order to assess the likely effects of the reform, this study uses a research design that was recently applied by the Research and Reference Services of the German Bundestag (parliament): we estimate the future effects of the reform by analyzing the impact it would have had on the legislation in the 14th and 15th term of the Bundestag if it had already been been in force at that time. In particular we ask: To what extent would the number of laws requiring the consent of the states' chamber, the Bundesrat, have been reduced? Which type of laws would have been affected by this reduction - the more controversial ones, or the less controversial ones? Which policy sectors would have seen the greatest reduction? How much would the reduction have increased the government's capacity to act effectively? Would the legislative process have been accelerated? -- Die verabschiedete Föderalismusreform soll die Gesetzgebung in Deutschland schneller, effizienter und besser machen. Inwiefern sind diese Erwartungen berechtigt? Zur Abschätzung der Reformfolgen auf die Bundesgesetzgebung folgen wir in dem vorliegenden Working Paper einer Vorgehensweise, die der Wissenschaftliche Dienst des Bundestages kürzlich in einer Studie angewandt hat: Die Auswirkungen der Föderalismusreform insbesondere auf die Zustimmungspflicht werden anhand der Gesetzgebung der 14. und 15. Legislaturperiode untersucht. Wir fragen insbesondere: Wie stark hätte sich der Anteil der Zustimmungsgesetze verringert, wenn die neuen Zustimmungsregeln schon in diesen beiden Legislaturperioden gegolten hätten? Wären eher zwischen Regierung strittige oder unstrittige Gesetze von der Zustimmungspflicht befreit worden? Welche Politikbereiche wären betroffen? Wie sehr hätte sich die politische Handlungsfreiheit der Bundesregierung erhöht? Wäre die Gesetzgebung durch die veränderten Zustimmungsregeln beschleunigt worden?
Idea ofiary u Simone Weil
No full textAutorka omawia ofiarę, jaką z samej siebie złożyła Simone Weil. Głównym celem autorki artykułu jest wykazanie, iż idea ofiary była najważniejszą myślą w życiu francuskiej filozof. W artykule ukazano myśl o ofierze w życiu i pismach intelektualistki, jak również analogie, które rzucają nowe światło na ofiarę Weil. Jako klucz do interpretacji i zrozumienia ofiary Weil, autorka analizuje myśl Emmanuela Levinasa oraz Józefa Tischnera.The author interprets the sacrifice that Simone Weil filed with itself. The main point of the present article is the assumption that the sacrifice Simone Weil was the most important idea of her life. A thought about the victim is portraying the article in the life and letters of the intellectual, as well as is portraying analogies which are shedding new light on the Weil victim. As the key to interpretation and understanding the her victim, the author is analysing the thought of Emmanuel Levinas and Jozef Tischner.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00
My life on the road: the exhilarating experience of travel
No full textVERSION FRANÇAISE ICI By Tiphaine Martin Researcher at Babel, University of Toulon, Member of the editorial board of Simone de Beauvoir Studies and author of a doctoral dissertation about Simone de Beauvoir's travels Translated from French by Marine Rouch (under the kind supervision of her dear friend Daniel Sawyer) I will begin with a brief criticism of the French edition. While the translation is very pleasant and captures Gloria Steinem's fluidity, humor and appetite for life, there is no..
L’area sudorientale di Roma tra progetto e grandi eventi: un processo territoriale incompiuto
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