1,721,033 research outputs found
Analisi dei dati RICA finalizzati all'approfondimento del tema della gestione del rischio in agricoltura. Misurazione delle performance finanziarie e patrimoniali delle aziende agrarie e relativa definizione di un modello di rating
No full textIl presente elaborato ha condotto alla determinazione di un algoritmo (quoziente
ponderato) di rating per valutare il merito creditizio delle aziende agrarie basato su
un’unica fonte informativa: l’archivio RICA. Tale fonte è stata scelta per i seguenti
motivi:
semplicità di utilizzo;
attendibilità dei dati ivi contenuti;
significativa profondità di data set disponibile (6 anni di dati).
Le variabili impiegate nei calcoli dell’algoritmo di rating proposto presentano alcune
sostanziali differenze rispetto alle due metodologie utilizzate nei precedenti analoghi
studi in ambito agricolo (Moody’s per ISMEA e EM Score di Altman).
Il quoziente ponderato determinato risulta così composto:
Q = (15% * A) + (30% * B) + (25% * C) + (30% * D)
dove:
A: Sup_TOT.
B: Cap_FOND_TOT / Sup_TOT.
C: Inv_FOND_NEW / Cap_FOND_TOT.
D: Cap_ESE_PROP / Sup_TOT.
Il quoziente può variare tra un minimo di 0,75 e un massimo di 3.
Le Probabilità di Default associate alle diverse classi di rating, sono riportate nella
tabella che segue. Le evidenze empiriche di carattere discreto hanno rilevato uno andamento “a
campana”, ove la curva gaussiana è raffigurabile nelle frequenze di aziende
concentrate principalmente nei valori centrali.
Il modello di rating evidenziato è contraddistinto dall’utilizzo esclusivo di variabili
quantitative in quanto sono le uniche che incorporano le seguenti caratteristiche:
oggettività di misurazione,
presenza nell’archivio RICA,
espressive di solidità, opportunità di sviluppo e potenzialità intrinseche del
sistema aziendale.
Piuttosto che focalizzare l’attenzione principalmente sui potenziali rischi che
potrebbero determinare un’insolvenza, pur senza prescindere dall’associazione di una
Probabilità di Default, ci si è proposto l’obiettivo di creare un sistema di calcolo
guidato da termini positivi, ossia di opportunità di sviluppo, potenzialità intrinseche
nel sistema aziendale, basate sulle risorse effettivamente disponibili. La valutazione
della creazione di opportunità di sviluppo e delle potenzialità intrinseche del sistema
aziendale, costituendo una evidente riduzione dei rischi di insolvenza, ha consentito
un’associazione prevalentemente indiretta dei range di Probabilità di Default a
ciascuna classe di rating
Mandatory ESG Reporting and XBRL Taxonomies Combination: ESG Ratings and Income Statement, a Sustainable Value-Added Disclosure
Full text linkCorporate financial statements address multiple stakeholders’ needs. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), among others, allow two different classifications, “by function of expense” and “by nature of expense”, for the statement of profit and loss and other comprehensive income for the period (from now on, also identified in short as “Income Statement”, or “IS”). XBRL standards ensure compliance and consistency in financial statements’ drafting and filing. XBRL taxonomies reflect the Income Statement IFRS disclosure requirement in the {310000} and {320000} codifications, respectively. Given the recent EU enhanced regulations that proposed extend mandatory ESG reporting to SMEs, this study aims to design and recommend an additional Income Statement to embed structured Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure. A restatement of the IS is organised following an adjusted Value-Added perspective to fit the purpose of sustainability disclosure. The above-mentioned Income Statement should be suitable and adaptable for entities of any size and operating in any industry. This goal can be achieved through customised input weighting. Therefore, this applied research can fill a current financial ESG disclosure gap, ensuring financial statements’ comparability and encouraging additional mandatory disclosures through standardisation. Two more items in the XBRL (IFRS-based) structure are suggested, leading to the introduction of one fully structured statement “{330000}—Statement of comprehensive income, profit or loss, by Added Value, ESG based” and a semi-structured “{814000}—Notes—ESG Ratings and Reporting” to better discuss and disclose the assumptions and results of the ESG Statement
Big Data-driven Budgeting and Business Planning
No full textThe business planning process can be considered as a strategic phase of any business. Given that the business plan is a management accounting tool, there are countless approaches that can be adopted to prepare it since there is no legal requirement, as opposed to obligations relating to financial accounting. However, in general, every business plan consists of a numerical part (budget) and a narrative part. In this research, the author highlights, on the basis of experiences and commonly used theories, a standard process that can be adaptable to the business plan of any type of activity. The use of big data is highlighted as an essential part of feeding the data of almost all the steps of the budget. The author then manages to determine a generally applicable standard process, indicating all the data necessary to prepare an accurate and reliable business plan. A case study will provide adequate support to the demonstration of the immediate applicability of the proposed model
Extended Audit Report: Enhancing Trust and Reputation in IT Processes and across E-business Industries
No full textA growing number of tech-oriented companies, carrying E-business activities, especially in the financial services sector, have been recently affected by accounting and corporate governance scandals. The introduction of the so-called Extended Audit Report (EAR), which, starting from 2013 has been gradually considered mandatory in developed countries, should provide a valid disclosure tool aimed at highlighting the risks associated with company processes. In this research, after carrying out a brief but systematic literature review, the emphasis is placed on the need to prepare a specific section of the audit report relating to the risks deriving from the use of new technologies, their impact on business activities, in particular for those companies whose core business consists of electronic activities (e-business). The role of auditing activities, in particular those relating to Information Technology, however, requires special skills that individual auditors are unfamiliar with. Not even the large auditing firms, the so-called Big Four, are often able to carry out an extensive and conscious analysis of IT processes. Professional figures such as those of IT Auditors are therefore particularly suitable to guarantee the compliance to the law, and the safety of the operations carried out by companies that make use of IT services. , We argue that companies operating in the E-business sector, should report (within the EAR) a separate section prepared by an expert, possibly holder of a CISA (Certified Information System Auditor) certification, issued by the most accredited international body: ISACA (Information Systems Audit and Control Association)
Growth Effects of Remittance: A Case of Turkey Diaspora
Full text linkIn the age of globalization, remittances are an essential part of human life. This analysis's key objective is to examine the effect of remittances in developing economies like Turkey on economic development. The 1980 to 2020 time-series data used in this analysis which use numerous time series estimating techniques. Sending data is given by the Banks of Turkey and in a million dollars. Simultaneously, economic development or GDP data are provided by world economic indicator, the World Bank, and the new US dollar. The findings indicated that there are both short-term and long-term ties between transactions and economic development in Turkey. Therefore, results indicate that Turkey's transition flows positively affect Turkey's person and Turkey's macroeconomic scenario. The government should implement policies that allow Turkey in overseas countries to submit transmissions through official channels
Data and Information Flows:Assessing Threads and Opportunities to Ensure Privacy and Investment Returns
Full text linkTimely access to data and information has always been the key to the success of every business. A merchant who can find goods, before anyone else, at a lower price, may succeed in obtaining a higher profit margin for the resale, the researcher who first manages to discover a chemical formula or to invent a new design, can sale a new product. Therefore, science must always face a terrible trade-off between the private need to make profits and the social opportunity of scientific development. Information and knowledge undoubtedly represent a valuable competitive advantage for those who hold them [1-2]. The data holders, in order to continue to benefit from this advantage, try in every way to protect their secrecy. Innovation is a creative process, generated by the human mind, driven by completely different potential factors. Some economic theories claim that innovation is driven by competition. Conversely, other more recent theories highlight the advantages produced by information sharing [3-6]. In this research paper, the author provides a systematic overview of the main factors that (a) influence decisions, (b) limit the development and dissemination of ideas [7], (c) guarantee economic growth. The analysis provided represents an effective tool for companies and policy makers to understand the standard patterns of the data and information flows and the key factors that drive the innovation, the development, and the growth of the world economy.</p
Accounting and blockchain technology: from double-entry to triple-entry
No full textAny private and public institution is required to have a bookkeeping for their activity. Among many other duties, transparency in procurement and selling of goods and services, budgeting and presentation of their accounts are mandatory for any business. Actual legislation requires recordings according to the double-entry bookkeeping system. Current practice shows that the actual accounting system despite all legislative rigors, still leaves room for errors, voiced or forced, which in time leads to the development of the phenomenon of financial fraud. From this perspective, the present paper comes to how, moving to the next level of technology, blockchain, and from double-entry to
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