1,721,121 research outputs found
Adrenergic receptors in physiopathology and clinical medicine: current role and research prospectives
No full textCross-sex hormone therapy for gender dysphoria
No full textGender identity is the sense one has of being male or female. Gender dysphoria (GD) refers to the distress caused by the incongruence between gender identity and biological sex in gender-nonconforming individuals. Cross-sex hormone therapy (CHT) aims at easing GD, improving well-being, and quality of life of gender-nonconforming individuals. This can be achieved by inducing and maintaining the desired-sex characteristics in accordance with the specific aspirations and expectations of each individual. Nevertheless, CHT can be associated with potentially serious long-term complications
Treatment for diabetic nephropathy - a review of the recent patent literature
No full textDiabetic nephropathy is now the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the Western world. Renal disease develops secondary to long-standing hyperglycemia and hemodynamic alterations, which activate a common pathway that ultimately leads to the renal damage. Current strategies to treat diabetic nephropathy include optimization of glycemic control and treatment of glomerular and systemic hypertension. Although these strategies can slow the progression of proteinuria and decline in renal function, diabetic nephropathy remains a huge clinical problem. It is anticipated that future treatment modalities for preventing and treating diabetic nephropathy will involve drugs that modulate common pathogenetic pathways, possibly acting to inhibit both metabolic and hemodynamically induced forms of renal injury. These include inhibitors of growth factor and cytokine release or action, and inhibitors of intracellular second messengers. Although most of these agents have only been investigated in vitro, in animal experiments, or in relatively short-term human studies, these studies suggest that therapeutic strategies which involve a multifactorial approach may be more successful in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease than drugs which influence only one pathway
The cardiac renin-angiotensin system in heart failure
No full textThe success of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates has led to a reexamination of the role of the renin-angiotensin system in pathophysiology. Ventricular dysfunction leading to congestive cardiac failure is associated with sequential activation of the sympathetic system and increases in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide; however, increases in plasma renin and aldosterone do not occur until very late. The renin-angiotensin system is now regarded as both a circulating and tissue hormonal system. All components of the renin-angiotensin system have been detected in the heart. ACE is localized in discrete areas of the heart, including the cardiac valves, coronary vessels, atria, and myocardium. After experimental myocardial infarction in the rat, although plasma renin and aldosterone levels are not increased, ACE in the myocardium is markedly increased. Treatment with ACE inhibitors suppresses cardiac ACE and is associated with hemodynamic improvement, reversal of the neurohumoral activation, prevention of ventricular dilatation, and remodeling and reduction in mortality rates. These results suggest that the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors in treating congestive cardiac failure, preventing ventricular remodeling, and regressing left ventricular hypertrophy may involve not only reducing preload and afterload but also suppressing the local cardiac renin-angiotensin system
Il Transessualismo: identificazione di un percorso diagnostico e terapeutico. Kurtis Editrice, Milano 1999.
No full textHypertension and diabetes: emphasis on the renin-angiotensin system in atherosclerosis
No full textCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in persons wit diabetes, and many factors, including hypertension, contribute to this high prevalence of macrovascular complications. (...) Finally, the recent identification of new components of the RAS should provide fertile territory to not only examine new targets linked to the RAS but potentially to design more rational treatments for the prevention of CVD in patients with diabetes and hypertension
Conflicting results on peripheral adrenoceptor function in hypotension of hemodialyzed patients.
No full textComment on Thrombocyte alpha-2-adrenoceptors and hypotension in hemodialyzed patients
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