1,944 research outputs found
L'Italie, de la surnatalité aux "berceaux vides" : réalité, représentatios et politiques démographiques (1945-2005)
No full text"Italians, produce more children" was one of the slogans of fascist system. If it disappeared with the latter and for decades, it is for a while now back in fashion. Anna Treves studies population dynamics, interpretations and images not only of demographic facts but also of political choices and works by demographers. Covering sixty years of Republican Italy history, the author analyzes effacing and subsequent re-emergence of the idea that the state should overcome the birth rate. Anna Treves underline particularly the gaps between discourses and demographic facts, and the weight of the memory of fascism. Without an overview of the long history, the today renewed interest on birth politics on both political left and right cannot be grasp. A demographic policy based on long-standing fears of decreasing birth rate must in addition be considered alongside the question of immigration
Spatial cognition, memory capacity and the evolution of mammalian hippocampal networks
No full textCognitive biology : the new cognitive sciences / Luca Tommasi, Lynn Nadel, and Mary A. Peterson -- The role of social selection in the evolution of hippocampal specialization / Lucia F. Jacobs -- Spatial cognition, memory capacity, and the evolution of mammalian hippocampal networks / Alessandro Treves -- Space for the brain in cognitive science / Neil Burgess, Christian F. Doeller, and Chris M. Bird -- Animals as natural geometers / Giorgio Vallortigara -- Is cognitive modularity necessary in an evolutionary account of development? / Nora S. Newcombe ... [et al.] -- Color generalization by birds / Daniel Osorio -- Evolutionary biology of limited attention / Reuven Dukas -- Learning to see and conceive / Robert L. Goldstone ... [et al.] -- A comparative perspective on the origin of numerical thinking / Elizabeth M. Brannon and Jessica F. Cantlon -- Numerical and spatial intuitions : a role for posterior parietal cortex? / Edward M. Hubbard ... [et al.] -- Learning in core and noncore domains / Rochel Gelman -- Neuroscience, psychology, and economic behavior : the emerging field of neuroeconomics / Paul W. Glimcher -- Neuroethology of attention in primates / Stephen V. Shepherd and Michael L. Platt -- The human social brain : an "evo-devo" perspective / Mark H. Johnson -- Ontogenetic development matters / Sylvain Sirois and Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Functional characterization of orbicularis oculi and extraocular muscles
No full textThe orbicularis oculi are the sphincter muscles of the eyelids and are involved in modulating facial expression. They differ from both limb and extraocular muscles (EOMs) in their histology and biochemistry. Weakness of the orbicularis oculi muscles is a feature of neuromuscular disorders affecting the neuromuscular junction, and weakness of facial muscles and ptosis have also been described in patients with mutations in the ryanodine receptor gene. Here, we investigate human orbicularis oculi muscles and find that they are functionally more similar to quadriceps than to EOMs in terms of excitation-contraction coupling components. In particular, they do not express the cardiac isoform of the dihydropyridine receptor, which we find to be highly expressed in EOMs where it is likely responsible for the large depolarization-induced calcium influx. We further show that human orbicularis oculi and EOMs express high levels of utrophin and low levels of dystrophin, whereas quadriceps express dystrophin and low levels of utrophin. The results of this study highlight the notion that myotubes obtained by explanting satellite cells from different muscles are not functionally identical and retain the physiological characteristics of their muscle of origin. Furthermore, our results indicate that sparing of facial and EOMs in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the result of the higher levels of utrophin expression
Hyper-alignment: Great mice think alike
No full textCan the neural activity expressing the same mental processes in two different individuals be somehow aligned? Recent evidence suggests that in some cases it can, in mice, at least when they think about space, but possibly even when conjuring up something more abstract
Attractor neural networks storing multiple space representations: A model for hippocampal place fields
No full textA recurrent neural network model storing multiple spatial maps, or “charts,” is analyzed. A network of this type has been suggested as a model for the origin of place cells in the hippocampus of rodents. The extremely diluted and fully connected limits are studied, and the storage capacity and the information capacity are found. The important parameters determining the performance of the network are the sparsity of the spatial representations and the degree of connectivity, as found already for the storage of individual memory patterns in the general theory of autoassociative networks. Such results suggest a quantitative parallel between theories of hippocampal function in different animal species, such as primates (episodic memory) and rodents (memory for space). © 1998 The American Physical Society
Percorsi di studio e percorsi migratori : le migrazioni interne italiane come un continuum tra anni venti e anni sessanta
No full textReview of "Murillo: The Self-Portraits" by Xavier F. Salomon and Letizia Treves
No full textXavier F. Salomon and Letizia Treves, Murillo: The Self-Portraits. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2017. 144 pp. + 65 color illus. $40.00. Review by Livia Stoenescu, Texas A&M University
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