302 research outputs found
A Monolithic Visible, Infrared and Terahertz 2D Detector
No full textA monolithic multispectral detector for imaging in the visible (VIS), infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) ranges has been designed for operation at room temperature. This sensor is composed of a CMOS readout integrated circuit (ROIC) housing visible photodiodes and of IR and THz microbolometer pixels processed above the CMOS wafer. Without package- and system-level issues, targeted individual pixel sensitivities are respectively an 80dB dynamic range for VIS photodiodes, a NETD=50mK @f/1 for IR and a THz NEP smaller than 10pW. Prototyping chips will be integrated in tri-spectral imaging and THz spectroscopy demonstration system
Can authorities appreciably enhance the prescribing of oral generic risperidone to conserve resources? : findings from across Europe and their implications
No full textGeneric atypical antipsychotic drugs offer health authorities opportunities for considerable savings. However, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are complex diseases that require tailored treatments. Consequently, generally there have been limited demand-side measures by health authorities to encourage the preferential prescribing of generics. This is unlike the situation with hypertension, hypercholaesterolaemia or acid-related stomach disorders.The objectives of this study were to compare the effect of the limited demand-side measures in Western European countries and regions on the subsequent prescribing of risperidone following generics; to utilise the findings to provide future guidance to health authorities; and where possible, to investigate the utilisation of generic versus originator risperidone and the prices for generic risperidone. Principally, this was a segmented regression analysis of retrospective time-series data of the effect of the various initiatives in Belgium, Ireland, Scotland and Sweden following the introduction of generic risperidone. The study included patients prescribed at least one atypical antipsychotic drug up to 20 months before and up to 20 months after generic risperidone. In addition, retrospective observational studies were carried out in Austria and Spain (Catalonia) from 2005 to 2011 as well as one English primary care organisation (Bury Primary Care Trust (PCT)). There was a consistent steady reduction in risperidone as a percentage of total selected atypical antipsychotic utilisation following generics. A similar pattern was seen in Austria and Spain, with stable utilisation in one English PCT. However, there was considerable variation in the utilisation of generic risperidone, ranging from 98% of total risperidone in Scotland to only 14% in Ireland. Similarly, the price of generic risperidone varied considerably. In Scotland, generic risperidone was only 16% of pre-patent loss prices versus 72% in Ireland. Consistent findings of no increased prescribing of risperidone post generics with limited specific demand-side measures suggests no 'spillover' effect from one class to another encouraging the preferential prescribing of generic atypical antipsychotic drugs. This is exacerbated by the complexity of the disease area and differences in the side-effects between treatments. There appeared to be no clinical issues with generic risperidone, and prices inversely reflected measures to enhance their utilisation
Internet of robotic things - Converging sensing/actuating, hypoconnectivity, artificial intelligence and IoT platforms
No full textStabiliser codes over fields of even order
No full text© 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.We prove that the natural isomorphism F2h ~= F h 2 induces a bijection between stabilizer codes on n quqits with local dimension q = 2h and binary stabilizer codes on hn qubits. This allows us to describe these codes geometrically: a stabilizer code over a field of even order corresponds to a so-called quantum set of symplectic polar spaces. Moreover, equivalent stabilizer codes have a similar geometry, which can be used to prove the uniqueness of a [[4, 0, 3]]4 stabilizer code and the nonexistence of both a [[7, 1, 4]]4 and an [[8, 0, 5]]4 stabilizer code.The work of Simeon Ball was supported in part by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under Grant PID2020-113082GB-I00 and in part by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. The work of Edgar Moreno was supported in part by the Higher Interdisciplinary Training Center (CFIS)-Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and in part by SANTANDER-UPC INITIAL RESEARCH GRANTS (INIREC). The work of Robin Simoens was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders under Grant 11PG724N.Postprint (author's final draft
Compress-And-Forward Cooperative Relaying In Mimo-Ofdm Systems
No full textIn this paper, we investigate the capacity of Compressand -Forward (C&F) cooperative relaying scheme when the C&F relay operates in Time Division Duplex (TDD). In our evaluation we consider MIMO-OFDM transmission. An achievable rate was previously derived in [6] assuming scalar channel. We extend this Wyner-Ziv bound to MIMO-OFDM, by applying results from Bayesian vector estimation and rate-distortion coding theory. Then we derive the mutual information of a sub-optimum relaying scheme in which the relay applies Karhunen-Loeve transform to the signal received from the source before quantizing it and forwarding it to the destination as a new codeword. Finally, we illustrate by simulations (in an environment similar to IEEE802.16) the fact that for some scenarios, the C&F approach outperforms other known relaying techniques. This remains true even if the C&F sub-optimum scheme is considered
Use of economic evaluation in decision making: evidence and recommendations for improvement
No full textInformation about the value for money of a medicine as derived from an economic evaluation can be used for decision-making purposes by policy makers, healthcare payers, healthcare professionals and pharmaceutical companies. This article illustrates the use of economic evaluation by decision makers and formulates a number of recommendations to enhance the use of such evaluations for decision-making purposes. Over the last decades, there has been a substantial increase in the number of economic evaluations assessing the value for money of medicines. Economic evaluation is used by policy makers and healthcare payers to inform medicine pricing/reimbursement decisions in more and more countries. It is a suitable tool to evaluate medicines and to present information about their value for money to decision makers in a familiar format. In order to fully exploit the use of economic evaluation for decision-making purposes, researchers need to take care to conduct such economic evaluations according to methodologically sound principles. Additionally, researchers need to take into account the decision-making context. They need to identify the various objectives that decision makers pursue and discuss how decision makers can use study findings to attain these objectives. These issues require further attention from researchers, policy makers, healthcare payers, healthcare professionals and pharmaceutical companies with a view to optimizing the use of economic evaluation in decision making.sponsorship: Financial support for this research project was received from Pharma.be, the Belgian association of the innovative pharmaceutical industry. The sponsor was not involved in the study design; the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; the writing of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the paper for publication. The author has no conflicts of interest that are relevant to the content of this manuscript. (Pharma.be, the Belgian association of the innovative pharmaceutical industry)status: Publishe
Utilisation des réseaux sociaux pour la conception urbaine et architecturale
No full textpeer reviewedthe article focuses on the analysis of new digital media, in particular the socionumeric platforms such as Facebook, Twitter..., writing on these platforms and their impact on architectural or urban projects. In order to deconstruct these new processes of information and data made easily available to the authors of projects, we work from theories allowing to give value (meaning) to writing according to the context in which it is written and materializing in the form of powerful citizen or individual commitments. We are looking for the keys of analysis allowing to pass from an opinion of influence to an analysis of recurrent commitments to be the object of collective stakes. These different approaches of reading the media/medias crossed with the territory and its collective commitments allow us to develop a method of analysis of the stakes involved in the advent of a new project on the scale of a district or a piece of city. Its ambition is to offer any project author (rarely a data scientist) to offer any project author an appropriate approach that is more within his or her reach while being in phase with the digital reality that transcends the traditional approach to project design.11. Sustainable cities and communities17. Partnerships for the goal
Health Technology Assessment in Health Economics
No full textThis chapter introduces health technology assessment and health economics as tools for decision makers to allocate scarce resources in the healthcare sector. It argues that information about the safety, efficacy and effectiveness, organizational implications, social and ethical consequences, legal considerations, and health economic aspects of the application of a health technology needs to be taken into account with a view to informing decisions about the registration and reimbursement of a health technology. Also, the author hopes that understanding the methodology and use of health technology assessment and health economics will persuade the reader of the added value of such studies and promote the application of health technologies that support further health improvements, whilst containing health expenditure.</jats:p
Health Technology Assessment in Health Economics
No full textThis chapter introduces health technology assessment and health economics as tools for decision makers to allocate scarce resources in the healthcare sector. It argues that information about the safety, efficacy and effectiveness, organizational implications, social and ethical consequences, legal considerations, and health economic aspects of the application of a health technology needs to be taken into account with a view to informing decisions about the registration and reimbursement of a health technology. Also, the author hopes that understanding the methodology and use of health technology assessment and health economics will persuade the reader of the added value of such studies and promote the application of health technologies that support further health improvements, whilst containing health expenditure.</jats:p
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