37 research outputs found
La coesione sociale in Europa. Un'analisi ecologica e diacronica
No full textDalla fine del secolo scorso, l’epoca del capitalismo del benessere come lo conosciamo è in declino. Molte tendenze contemporanee sembrano avere messo in difficoltà il modello sociale di sviluppo caratteristico dei Paesi europei. Ovviamente, i cambiamenti cui ci riferiamo non hanno riguardato solo l’economia, ma hanno avuto importanti conseguenze sociali. Così come sono state importanti le politiche perseguite dai governi nazionali e dalle istituzioni internazionali nel concorrere a ridisegnare la mappa del mondo contemporaneo. Il presente lavoro, lungi dal voler esaurire in modo definitivo il dibattito al riguardo, intende fornire un contributo sullo stato dell’arte di un concetto quale quello di coesione sociale, tema da sempre frequentato nella letteratura sociologica. In generale, gli interrogativi della nostra ricerca possono essere sintetizzati nella maniera che segue. Ci chiediamo: in quali Paesi i modelli normativi e culturali che regolano il vivere sociale sono entrati più in crisi? Nel gioco di cause endogene ed esogene di mutamento permane una differenziazione fra nazioni oppure vi sono spie di convergenza? Va l’Europa verso un unico modello o i modelli nazionali continuano a riflettere le specifiche condizioni locali del mercato, degli assetti del welfare e degli orientamenti normativi e culturali condivisi? Ci sono indizi che fanno pensare che, sulla scia dei processi di trasformazione che hanno cominciato a prendere piede in Europa negli anni ottanta del secolo scorso, il concetto di coesione sociale e le strutture sociali abbiano cambiato di segno? E, più in particolare, dove si posiziona l’Italia rispetto a questo complesso di alternative? Possono sembrare delle domande oziose, e forse lo sono, ma certamente sono delle domande necessarie per individuare i principali cambiamenti sociali, economici e politici verificatisi nell’ultimo ventennio e per dare concretezza storica ai processi, agli andamenti e risultati che hanno messo in moto e caratterizzato il processo di crisi e trasformazione che cercheremo di analizzare
LA VARIABILE RETRIBUZIONE MENSILE NELLA RILEVAZIONE SULLE FORZE DI LAVORO
No full textLa rilevazione sulle forze di lavoro, per la vastità delle informazioni raccolte, rappresenta una delle maggiori fonti informative per lo studio del mercato del lavoro. Essa trimestralmente fornisce non solo le stime ufficiali dei principali indicatori (occupati, disoccupati, tasso di attività 15-64 anni, ecc.) ma anche molte informazioni che permettono di approfondire le caratteristiche dell’occupazione (posizione nella professione, tipologia di orario di lavoro, durata del lavoro, professione svolta, ecc.). In questo lavoro si approfondiscono le differenze di genere relativamete al reddito rilevat
Stocks, origin, and future trajectories of hidden soil organic carbon in paleosols of blockfields in the high alpine permafrost region
No full textPermafrost is warming because of global temperature increase, which alters the carbon cycle in these environments. While research has primarily focused on arctic permafrost, we are lacking data on the timing and magnitude of potential C accumulation and release in the alpine permafrost zone. These environments contain blockfields on mountain tops (>2900 m) with and without patterned ground, which are mainly vegetation free and therefore thought to be free of soil organic carbon (SOC). Motivated by the fact that coarse and fine material separates with freezing and thawing, we aimed to test whether alpine blockfields without vegetation are indeed SOC-free or whether they contain hidden carbon which might represent a CO2 source upon climatic warming. By sampling vegetated soils at the same or slightly lower elevation, we wanted to test how SOC stocks in blockfields will develop under climate warming in the near future.
On four mountain tops (2900 to 3200 m a.s.l.) in the periglacial zone of the Eastern Swiss and NorthWestern Italian Alps, we removed up to onemeter-deep thick stone layer and excavated eleven soil profiles. While one location was completely vegetation free, the three other locations were influenced by active patterned ground with non-vegetated and sparsely vegetated patches within the same blockfield.
At each site, we found dark and fine material beneath a stone cover of a few decimetres up to a meter. Preliminary results of the vegetation free location show a hidden SOC stock of 0.8 to 1.1 kgC·m-2 and narrow CN ratios of 9.0 to 10.1. Bulk soil 14C dating revealed an age of 4,000 to 12,900 years right beneath the stone cover (0-20 cm) and at greater depth (>80 cm) respectively. In agreement with our finding, Pintaldi et al. (2021)
observed “hidden” SOC stock beneath active patterned ground on a mountain top plateau in North-West Italy.
There are two possible origins of the hidden carbon: 1) soot deposition by natural and anthropogenic processes throughout the Holocene and 2) carbon accumulation during warmer climatic conditions during the early to middle Holocene
The electronic questionnaire in ISTAT’s new CAPI/CATI Labour Force Survey
No full textWith the aim of complying to EUROSTAT standards, two years ago ISTAT began to design a new labour force survey. After an experimental phase, the survey is now being run in
parallel with the current one and will substitute it completely during 2004. Innovations in the new survey concerned both contents and technical aspects. In particular, concerning the survey technique, we passed from a PAPI technique handled by interviewers of the municipalities which entered the sample, to a mixed technique: CAPI for the first family interviews and CATI for the confirmation interviews following the first.
The questionnaire for the new survey is particularly complex and consists in a general opening part which collects information on the family’s demographic characteristics
and 12 sections of which 10 are repeated for each family member. The use of an electronic questionnaire has allowed for automatic branching, the activation of online help upon request of the interviewer, the interactive coding of open items using a search engine for certain key variables (such as economic activity and profession), the introduction of soft and hard control mechanisms of range and coherence (with the
possibility of conciliating on the spot), managing confirmation items for waves following the first. All of this has helped simplify the interview and therefore significantly improve data quality. To evaluate such improvement, we have compared
the off-line check programme of the old survey with the on-line check programme of the new survey, analysing the number of partial non-responses, the number of edit
activations, the number of conciliations in the new survey and the number of soft controls purposefully not corrected (which shouldn’t therefore be imputed automatically). The significantly better results for the new survey have confirmed the correctness of the choice of an electronic questionnaire as data collection instrument.
Comparisons between the qualitative standards of the two surveys will be developed in order to analyse longitudinal aspects of the sample, examining in detail the effects of a
confirmation questionnaire in the waves following the first and the use of a CATI technique
Capitolo 6 - Il questionario elettronico
No full textObiettivo è descrivere come migliorare la qualità raccolti in un'indagine tatistica attraverso una corretta progettazione del questionario elettronico
Il conseguimento della qualità grazie alla progettazione ed al controllo del questionario elettronico
No full textL’impiego di un questionario elettronico e, soprattutto, di una rete di rilevatori professionali
dell’Istat permette un maggior controllo sul processo di produzione del dato migliorando
decisamente la qualità dell’informazione raccolta.
Considerato che una parte rilevante dell’errore non campionario si verifica durante la
rilevazione e la registrazione delle informazioni, il questionario elettronico gioca un ruolo di
primo piano nel prevenirlo e ridurlo. In questa ottica, l’indagine definitiva è stata preceduta da
indagini pilota che hanno permesso di testare diverse
versioni del questionario. La versione definitiva è nata dopo un attento studio della letteratura
dedicata all’argomento, dei regolamenti Eurostat e delle indagini svolte in altri paesi, nonché da
un intenso monitoraggio sul campo
Wage and Salary in the Labour Force Survey
No full textAccording to Eurostat regulations, collection of data monthly wage of employee is included
in Labour Force Survey like optional variable. Eurostat is proposing that collection of data
on monthly wages and salaries become obligatory because it’s an important variable for
deepening the study of labour market by e.g. comparing pay by different occupational
groups or by gender, age, education.
With the aim of complying with Eurostat recommendations, in the third and fourth quarters
2004 was conducted the test of variable on monthly wages and salaries in the Labour
Force Survey in Italy. We tested different ways to collect this information in order to find
the best one. In particular, according to Eurostat guidelines, we tested the impact of asking
gross or net salary and the impact of asking exact salary, salary in bands or a double
approach (start by asking exact salary and if no answer in bands). So we tested four
different formulations: 1) net exact; 2) net in bands; 3) gross exact; 4) gross in bands.
With reference to the problem of partial non-response and interview break-offs, the
analysis concerns the following issues: the degree of the problem in different waves; the
effect of telephone or face to face interviews in CAPI-CATI systems; the impact of proxy
interviews and comparisons among waves between a direct and a proxy interview. We are
also able to analyse wages for which there is a higher frequency of non-response to this
item depending on profession characteristics.
Moreover, considering the longitudinal section of the sample, we use the second interview
to the same group in the next quarter (the following wave) as a control interview. In this
case it is possible to study the characteristics of fours respondent’s profiles: a) response in
first and second wave; b) response only in the first wave; c) response only in the second
wave; d) non-response in both waves. We describe groups focusing on the
similarity/dissimilarity between the groups and on the degree of homogeneity within each
group both on the basis of work variables and on the basis of demographic variables.
Finally, for studying non-response rate we apply a multivariate analysis technique using
other data which is correlated with wages, such as age, educational attainment,
profession, economic activit
