337 research outputs found
Differential wing strength in Pierella butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) supports the deflection hypothesis
No full textThe “deflection hypothesis” asserts that conspicuous marginal patches on insect wings function to deflect predator attacks to these patches and away from more vital body parts. As a result of selection from such predator attacks these marks are predicted to be relatively weak and thereby increase probability of escape. To test this prediction, hindwing-tear weight (an estimate of wing strength) was measured for three species of Pierella butterfly (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) differing in the presence of a conspicuous hindwing tornus patch. Pierella astyoche, the species with a conspicuous white hindwing patch was found to have significantly lower tear weight than P. lamia and P. lena, two species lacking such a patch. Body size was not found to be an important factor explaining variation in wing-tear weight. However, a positive relationship between insect age and tear weight was found. For P. lamia and P. lena the data suggest older individuals have higher tear weight whereas this relationship is absent in P. astyoche. These results represent the first direct support for the prediction that deflection marks are especially designed to break away easily, and support the hypothesis that the white patch in Pierella astyoche functions as a deflection mark
Pierella chalybaea Godman 1905
No full textPierella chalybaea Godman, 1905 stat. rest. (Figures 5 –8, 30, 50–51) Pierella chalybaea Godman, 1905, p. 185 [lectotype and paralectotypes designated herein].— Weymer, 1911, p. 178. Haetera lamia f. columbina Krüger, 1925. Pierella lamia lamia (Sulzer, 1776); Casagrande, Mielke, Carneiro, Rafael & Hutchings, 2012, p. 25. [misidentification] Pierella lamia chalybaea D’Abrera, 1988, p. 730. Lamas, 2004, p. 206;— Mielke, Carneiro & Casagrande, 2010, p. 289. Pierella lamia colombiana Constantino & Salazar, 2007 [syn. nov.], p. 173–174, figs 5–7. Diagnosis. Pierella chalybaea can be distinguished from P. l a m i a by the less prominent ocelli on DHW that is obscured by the dark background, and in many cases the white pupil in CuA 1 -CuA 2 is not evident. This pupil is always strongly marked in P. l am i a. Androconial patch is characterized by the weak rounded dark central area (Fig. 30). Female genitalia presents a well-developed, straight posterior aphophysis similar to P. keithbrowni sp. nov., but the ductus bursae is sclerotized and approximately 1.6 times the length of corpus bursae, and the paired signa are located on the ventral side. Ostium bursae with a sclerotized projection out from the ductus bursae (Figs 50–51). Distribution (Fig. 62). Pierella chalybaea is distributed in Brazilian and Chacoan sub-regions, from Colombia to Bolivia (Constantino 1995; Willmott et al 2011; Willmott & Hall 2014; Petit 2014) and North and Midwest Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Pará, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso and Goiás), apparently associated with both low altitudinal regions (100–900 m) (Brown 1948) and high rainfall levels between 2000–5000 mm /year (Brown & Ab’Saber 1979). Host plant. Unknown. Remarks. Godman (1905) described Pierella chalybaea based on two males and one female collected by the American naturalist Herbert H. Smith on his expeditions to Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso, Brazil. This material is deposited at the NHM collection with lectotype and paralectotypes’ labels determined by M. Clifton in 1968, but these designations were never published. Here, they are designated: Lectotype male hereby designated with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): Jan/ Chapada, Matto Grosso, H. H. Smith/♀/ B.M. TYPE No Rh. 2512, Pirella chalybaea / Godman & Salvin Coll. 1904 – 1./ BMNH (E)# 781092. Paralectotype male with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): July/ Chapada, Matto Grosso, H. H. Smith/ Pirella rhea chalybaea Godman, det. M. Clifton 1968 / BMNH (E)# 781082. Paralectotype female with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): Jan/ Chapada, Matto Grosso, H. H. Smith/♀/ B.M. TYPE No Rh. 2513, Pirella chalybaea / Godman & Salvin Coll. 1904 – 1./ BMNH (E)# 781099. Brown (1948) considered P. chalybaea as a subspecies of Pierella rhea (currently P. lamia chalybaea), but the marked differences in the female genitalia and the males androconial patch supports the decision in reinstate this taxa. Haetera lamia f. columbina Krüger, 1925 was described from Colombia, [Meta, Upín], 1000 m and synonymized with Pierella lamia chalybaea by Lamas (2004). In fact, the illustration of the type specimen (Warren et al. 2014) confirms its identity as a synonym of P. chalybaea stat. rest. Salazar & Constatino (2007) described P. lamia colombiana from Colombia, Peru, Ecuador and Brazil, based on the absence of the steely blue reflections on the dorsal hind wing. In addition, the authors discussed about the allopatric distribution of P. lamia colombiana and P. lamia chalybaea, the latter occurring in the savannahs and lowlands of the Orinoco river in Colombia and Venezuela, and in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The study of 132 specimens revealed that the steely blue reflections are variable among the specimens of P. chalybaea stat. rest. An examined female from Benjamin Constant (Amazonas, Brazil) that is almost 20 km distant from the type locality of P. lamia colombiana (Letícia, Amazonas, Colombia), shows the same genitalia morphological pattern of specimens from Mato Grosso (considered as P. lamia chalybaea by Salazar & Constantino 2007). Material examined. BRAZIL— Roraima: Alto Alegre, Ilha do Maracá, 24–31. VIII.1987, 2 males and 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.724, DZ 30.725, DZ 30.804 (DZUP); Amajari, Tepequén, 620 m, 14–16. VII.2006, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.723 (DZUP); Pacaraima, 800 m, 1–2. III.1988, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.783 (DZUP); Surucucu, 14. XI.1979, 1 male, Gifford leg., DZ 30.722 (DZUP); Amazonas: Benjamin Constant, Rio Javari, VI.1942, 1 female, B. Pohl leg., DZ 30.739 * (DZUP); Borba, Rio Abacaxis, Comunidade Paxiúba, 2–4. VI.2008, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.705 (DZUP); Fonte Boa, 1 male and 1 female, VI. 1906, S. M. Klages leg., BMNH (E)# 781079, BMNH (E)# 781088 (NHM); Itacoatiara, VIII.1968, 1 male, ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 30.782 (DZUP), 3. VII.1927, 1 male, no collector, IOC 28.136 (IOC); Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, VIII.1960, 1 male, ex-coll. H. Ebert, DZ 30.767 (DZUP); Ipixuna, Comunidade São Vicente, Rio Liberdade, 12–15. V.2011, 2 males and 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.815, DZ 30.816, DZ 30.817 (DZUP); Reserva Rio Gregório, 18–23. V.2011, 2 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.653, DZ 30.814 (DZUP); Lábrea, Rio Purus, 1 male, XI. 1913, E. H. W. Wickham leg., BMNH (E)# 781075 (NHM); Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 3. IX.1987, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.736 (DZUP), 10–13. VIII.2010, 4 males and 2 females, Dias & Bonfantti leg., DZ 30.730, DZ 30.731, DZ 30.732, DZ 30.733, DZ 30.734, DZ 30.735 (DZUP); 47 km NW, Reserva ZF2, 17– 20. VIII.2010, 1 male, Dias & Bonfantti leg., DZ 30.738 (DZUP); Maués, no date, 1 male, Fassl leg. (IOC); no specific locality, 25. VIII.1927, 1 female, Zikán leg., IOC 28.146 (IOC); 12. IX.1927, 1 female, Zikán leg., IOC 28.148 (IOC); 19. IX.1927, 1 female, Zikán leg., IOC 28.137 (IOC); 11. VII.1927, 1 male, Zikán leg., IOC 28.145 (IOC); 12.VIII. 1927, Zikán leg., IOC 28.147 (IOC); Maués, 1 female, M. Furukawa leg., BMNH (E)# 781083 (NHM); Tabatinga, 1 female, no date, Degand leg., BMNH (E)# 781073 (NHM); Tefé, 1 female, XI.07, M. de Mathan leg., BMNH (E)# 781084 (NHM), 4–6. XII.1987, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.703, DZ 30.784 (DZUP); São José, Rio Solimões, 1 male, no date, no collector, BMNH (E)# 781078 (NHM); São Paulo de Olivença, 1 male, VI–VII. 1883, M. de Mathan leg., BMNH (E)# 781077 (NHM), 1 female, III. 1883, M. de Mathan leg., BMNH (E)# 781086 (NHM); Pará: Itaituba, Rio Tapajós, no date, 1 female, Fassl leg., IOC 28.142 (IOC); Acre: Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Juruá, 200 m, 15–25. VII.1971, 1 female, Ebert leg., DZ 30.721 (DZUP); 9–11. IX.1973, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., DZ 30.719, DZ 30.720 (DZUP); 23. X.1981, 1 male and 1 female, Fátima Bucher leg., DZ 30.713, DZ 30.714 * (DZUP); no date, 1 male, D’Almeida leg., DZ 30.740 (DZUP); Mâncio Lima, Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor, 200–400 m, 10–21.IX. 2011, Dolibaina & Moura leg., DZ 29.772 (DZUP); 20–27. VI.2013, 9 males and 1 female, Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias & Dolibaina leg., DZ 30.820, DZ 30.821, DZ 30.822, DZ 30.823, DZ 30.824, DZ 30.825, DZ 30.826, DZ 30.827, DZ 30.828, DZ 30.829 (DZUP); Porto Acre, Reserva Humaitá, 20–30. I.2009, 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.652 (DZUP); 28–30. I.2009, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.812 (DZUP); Santa Rosa dos Purus, 6,4 km E, 3–4. VIII.2008, 1 male, Mielke & Carneiro leg., DZ 30.715 (DZUP); 14,2 km SE, 12. VIII.2008, 1 male, Carneiro leg., DZ 30.718 (DZUP); Senador Guiomard, Reserva Catuaba, 200 m, 22. IX.2003, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.717 (DZUP); 2–5. IX.2004, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.716 (DZUP); 31.I– 5. II.2009, 3 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.771, DZ 30.818, DZ 30.819 (DZUP); Vila Taumaturgo, Seringal Oriente, 29. VII.1956, 1 male, F. C. Novaes leg., DZ 30.712 (DZUP); Rondônia: Jarú, 250 m, V.1977, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert leg., DZ 30.726, DZ 30.777 (DZUP); X.1977, 1 male, Ebert leg., DZ 30.741 (DZUP); Ouro Preto d’Oeste, 9–13. IX.1987, 1 male and 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 30.729, DZ 30.737 (DZUP); 24–31. X.1987, 1 female, C. Elias leg., DZ 30.728 * (DZUP); Porto Velho, 1 male and 1 female, II–III. 26, A. M. Moss leg., BMNH (E)# 781081, BMNH (E)# 781090 (NHM); Vila Rondônia [= Ji-Paraná], 26. I.1961, 1 male, Andrade & Pereira leg., DZ 30.727 (DZUP); Mato Grosso: Barra do Bugres, 20. III.1974, 1 male, E. Furtado leg., DZ 30.776 (DZUP); Alto Rio Paraguai, 150 m, 11. V.1974, 2 males, E. Furtado leg., DZ 30.754, DZ 30.756 (DZUP); 16. VI.1974, 1 male, E. Furtado leg., DZ 30.755 (DZUP); Barra do Garças, Vale dos Sonhos, 500 m, 22. VI.1972, 1 female, ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 30.749 (DZUP); 400 m, 22. VI.1972, 1 male, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 30.785 (DZUP); Buriti, 30 miles N. E. of Cuiabá, 2259 ft, 1–14.VII. 27, C. L. Collenette leg., BMNH (E)# 781080 (NHM); 1 female, 17–30.VI. 27, C. L. Collenette leg., BMNH (E)# 781089 (NHM); Chapada dos Guimarães, 600–800 m, 13. II.1967, 1 male and 1 female, ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 30.789, DZ 30.790 (DZUP); 28. III.1983, 1 male, C. Elias leg., DZ 30.745 (DZUP); 28.III– 3. IV.1983, 2 males, C. Elias leg., DZ 30.774, DZ 30.775 (DZUP); 600–800 m, 11. II.1967, 1 male, ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 30.746 (DZUP); 14. II.1967, 1 female, ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 30.748 * (DZUP); 700 m, 23. XII.1968, 1 male and 1 female, H. Ebert leg., DZ 30.758, DZ 30.759 (DZUP); 600 m, 26. VI.1972, 2 males, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 30.760, DZ 30.761 (DZUP); 14. XI.2013, 1 male, G. Melo leg., DZ 30.802; Coronel Rio Branco, Cáceres, Rio Vermelho, 400 m, 2. VII.1972, 1 male, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 30.779 (DZUP); 13. XI.1984, 1 female, Buzzi, Mielke & Elias leg., DZ 30.794 (DZUP); Cuiabá, São Vicente, 700 m, 24. VI.1972, 2 males, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 30.778, DZ 30.780 (DZUP); 30. VI.1972, 1 male, Mielke & Brown leg., DZ 30.786 (DZUP); Diamantino, Fazenda São João, Rio Arinos, 300–400 m, 11. I.1978, 1 male, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.762 (DZUP); 12. I.1978, 5 males and 2 females, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.665 *, DZ 30.763, DZ 30.764, DZ 30.765, DZ 30.766, DZ 30.767, DZ 30.768 (DZUP); 14. I.1978, 1 female, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.769 (DZUP), 15. I.1978, 1 male, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.770 (DZUP); 17. I.1978, 1 male and 2 females, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.771, DZ 30.772, DZ 30.669 * (DZUP); 20. I.1978, 1 male, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.773 (DZUP); 4. IX.1978, 1 female, Mielke & Furtado leg., DZ 30.795 (DZUP), 21. XI.1984, 1 male and 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande leg., DZ 30.744, DZ 30.788 (DZUP); 1–8. VIII.1974, 2 males and 2 females, H. & H. D. Ebert leg., DZ 30.747, DZ 30.750, DZ 30.751, DZ 30.752 (DZUP); 2. V.1978, 1 male, H. & H. D. Ebert leg., DZ 30.753 (DZUP); Nova Xavantina, Universidade do Estado do Mato Grosso, Bacabal, 17–19. VIII.1997, 2 males, Mielke leg., DZ 30.742, DZ 30.743 (DZUP); Goiás: Ilha do Bananal, 14. VI.1979, 1 male, Gifford leg., DZ 30.801 (DZUP); 19. IX.1980, 2 males, Gifford leg., DZ 30.787, DZ 30.800 (DZUP); Goianésia, 900m, 2–7. IX.1969, 1 male and 2 females, K. & H. Ebert leg., DZ 30.791, DZ 30.792, DZ 30.796 (DZUP); Goiás, VII.1976, 1 male, Gifford leg., DZ 30.793 (DZUP); 17. XI.1976, 1 female, DZ 30.799 (DZUP); 5. VI.1979, 1 female, Gifford leg., DZ 30.797 (DZUP); 5. II.1980, 1 male, no collector, DZ 30.803 (DZUP); 6. XI.1980, 1 female, Gifford leg., DZ 30.798 (DZUP).Published as part of Zacca, Thamara, Siewert, Ricardo R., Casagrande, Mirna M., Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Paluch, Márlon, 2016, Taxonomic revision of the " Pierella lamia species group " (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of four new species from Brazil, pp. 366-386 in Zootaxa 4078 (1) on pages 371-372, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4078.1.31, http://zenodo.org/record/26735
Pierella lamia Sulzer 1776
No full text<i>Pierella lamia</i> (Sulzer, 1776) <p>(Figures 1–4, 29, 36–41, 48–49)</p> <p> <i>Papilio rhea</i> Fabricius, 1775 [preocc. <i>Papilio rhea,</i> Poda 1761]; Möschler, 1882, p. 319.— Weymer, 1911, p.178 [in. part.].— D’Abrera, 1988, p. 730.</p> <p> <i>Papilio dyndimene</i> Cramer, 1779, p. 11, pl. 198, fig. F, G [lectotype and paralectotype designated herein].</p> <p> <i>Pierella luna</i> ab. <i>albina</i> Oberthür, 1896, p. 32, pl. 2, fig. 10.</p> <p> <i>Pierella lamia</i> f. <i>fabriciana</i> Ebert, 1965, p.82-83 [repl. name for <i>Papilio rhea</i> Fabricius, 1775].</p> <p> <i>Pierella lamia</i> Sulzer, 1776, p. 145, pl. 18, fig. 1.— Weymer, 1911, p.178 [in. part.].</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. <i>Pierella lamia</i> is distinguished from its congeners by the androconial patches with a marked dark central oval area (Fig. 29). When compared to those new species described here, female papillae anales with a reduced postaphophysis, rounded ostium bursae, and a sclerotized plate on the underside of the ductus bursae (Figs 48–49).</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b> (Fig. 62). The available data suggest that <i>P. lamia</i> is associated with humid forests of northeastern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and northern Brazil (Amazonas, Pará and Maranhão) lowlands, and rainfall levels between 1500–2000 mm /year (Brown 1948; Brown & Ab’Saber 1979; Constantino 1995) in the Roraima and Pará provinces of the Boreal Brazilian dominion.</p> <p> <b>Host plant</b>. <i>Heliconia</i> sp. (Heliconiaceae) (Ackery 1988).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. <i>Papilio lamia</i> Sulzer, 1776 was described based on an unknown number of specimens with the vague type locality “ Amerika ”. <i>Papilio rhea</i> Fabricius, 1775 was also described based on an undetermined number of specimens from “Indiis”, but Fabricius (1787, 1793) later cited its locality as “Cajennae” (French Guiana). The type series is likely lost (Zimsen 1964), and the specimen figured in BOA website (Warren <i>et al.</i> 2014) is a syntype of <i>Papilio dyndimene</i> Cramer, 1779. <i>Papilio dyndimene</i> was described based on undetermined number of specimens from Suriname and later synonymized with <i>P. l a m i a</i> by Weymer (1911). Two females of <i>P. dyndimene</i> from Cramer’s type series are deposited at NHM and here, they are designated as lectotype and paralectotype. Lectotype female hereby designated with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): Nº 88 DYNDIMENE, Cr. III. 198. FG/ Dyndimene F./ <i>Pirella rhea</i> Fabricius, det. M. Clifton 1968/ BMNH(E)# 781041. Paralectotype female with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): TYPE / Surinam Coll/ FELDER COLLN./ Rotschild Bequest B.M. 1989–1 / <i>Pierella rhea</i> Fabricius, det. M. Clifton 1968/ BMNH(E)# 781042.</p> <p> Ebert (1965) pointed out that the name <i>Papilio rhea</i> is preoccupied by <i>Papilio rhea</i> Poda, 1761 (currently synonymized to swallowtail <i>Parnassius apollo</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) being <i>Pierella lamia</i> (Sulzer, 1776) the valid name for this species. According to Brown (1948), <i>Pierella rhea</i> (currently <i>P. lamia</i>) has two subspecies: <i>P. r. rh ea</i> and <i>P. r. chalybaea</i> Godman, 1905. The former is characterized by the same background colour pattern in both wings and no steely blue reflections on the hind wings. Brown (1948) also considered <i>P. lamia</i> as a form of <i>P. r. rhea</i> based on the hind wings darker than the forewings, mainly towards the external margin, and usually with steely blue reflections at the hind wing base. Our examination of 41 specimens indicated that Brown’s abovementioned characters are variable within the <i>P. lamia</i>, even between individuals collected in the same area. D’Abrera (1988) followed Brown’s hypothesis, but the specimen figured (p. 730) is clearly <i>P. lamia</i>, as already indicated by Constantino (1995). <i>Pierella luna</i> ab. <i>albina</i> was described from Guatémala (French Guiana), and the illustration provided by Oberthür (1896: pl. II, fig. 10) and Warren <i>et al.</i> (2014) clearly confirms its identity as an aberration of <i>P. l am i a</i> (Lamas 2004).</p> <p> <b>Material examined</b>. GUYANA— <i>[Roraima]</i>, Carimang River, 1 male, H. Whitely <i>leg.</i>, BMNH (E) #781004* (NHM); Essequibo River, 17. X.1929, 1 female, Oxf. Univ. Expedn. B.M.1929–485, BMNH (E) # 781010* (NHM). FRENCH GUIANA—no specific locality, 2008, 1 female, B. Mohamed <i>leg</i>. (BM); <i>Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni</i>: <b>Säul</b>, Mont Galbao, 6. X.2011, 1 female, B. Mohamed <i>leg</i>. (BM); no specific locality, 4. IX.2011, 1 female, B. Mohamed <i>leg</i>. (BM), 8. VIII.2012, 1 male, B. Mohamed <i>leg</i>. (BM); <b>Antecume-Pata</b>, 13. III.2012, 1 female, B. Mohamed <i>leg</i>. (BM); <i>Cayenne</i>: <b>Kaw</b>, road of Kaw, point kilometric 27, 17. IX.2010, 1 male, B. Mohamed <i>leg</i>. (BM). BRAZIL— <i>Amazonas</i>: <b>Manaus</b>, Tarumã, 2. VII.1981, 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande <i>leg.</i>, DZ 30.702 (DZUP); <i>Amapá</i>: <b>Serra do Navio</b>, 29. VII.2007, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.813 (DZUP); no specific locality, 6. IX.1963, 1 female, D’Almeida <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.694 (DZUP), Rio Amapari, 100 m, XI.1959, 1 male and 1 female, Ebert <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.692, DZ 30.693 (DZUP); <i>Pará</i>: <b>Altamira</b>, Marabá, Km 129, 10. IX.1979, 1 male, Gifford <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.707 (DZUP); <b>Belém</b>, Utinga, 4. VIII.1936, 1 male, D’Almeida <i>leg</i>. (IOC), 29. VIII.1958, 1 male, Ebert <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.687 (DZUP), 25 m, 12. IX.1959, 8 males, Ebert <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.664*, DZ 30.684, DZ 30.685, DZ 30.686, DZ 30.688, DZ 30.689, DZ 30.692, DZ 30.694 (DZUP), 21. X.1966, 2 females, Ebert <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.690, DZ 30.691* (DZUP), 22. XI.2004, 2 males, Mielke & Casagrande <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.709, DZ 30.710 (DZUP); Murucutu, 12. VIII.1936, 1 male, D’Almeida <i>leg</i>. (IOC); <b>Benevides</b>, Neópolis, 23–24. XI.2004, 1 female, Mielke & Casagrande <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.708 (DZUP); <b>Cuminá</b>, Rio Cuminá, Cachoeira do Tronco, 27. VIII.1936, 1 female, D’Almeida <i>leg</i>. (IOC), 31. VIII.1936, 2 males, D’Almeida <i>leg</i>. (IOC), DZ 30.700 (DZUP), 21. IX.1936, 1 female, D’Almeida <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.663* (DZUP); <b>Juriti</b>, VI.1977, 1 male, J. Kesselring <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.701 (DZUP); <b>Óbidos</b>, IV.1968, 1 female, R. Frey <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.696 (DZUP), VI.1968, 1 female, Ebert <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.699* (DZUP), IX.1968, 1 male, Ebert <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.695 (DZUP), I. 1969, 1 male, J. Kesselring <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.698 (DZUP), IX.1971, 1 male, J. Kesselring <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.697 (DZUP); <b>Santa Bárbara do Pará</b>, 6. II.2010, 1 male, Carneiro, Dolibaina, Dias & Moreira <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.704 (DZUP); <b>Santarém</b>, no date, 1 male, Garbe <i>leg.</i> IOC 28.139 (IOC); no specific locality, I.1957, 1 male, R. Frey <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.711 (DZUP); <b>no specific locality, no date,</b> 1 male, Wallace <i>leg</i>., BMNH (E) #781020* (NHM). <i>Maranhão</i>: <b>Santa Luzia</b>, Faz[enda] Terrasse, Km 108, Açailândia-Santa Luzia road, 31. VII.1974, 1 male, Mielke <i>leg</i>., DZ 30.706 (DZUP).</p>Published as part of <i>Zacca, Thamara, Siewert, Ricardo R., Casagrande, Mirna M., Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Paluch, Márlon, 2016, Taxonomic revision of the " Pierella lamia species group " (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of four new species from Brazil, pp. 366-386 in Zootaxa 4078 (1)</i> on pages 369-370, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4078.1.31, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/267355">http://zenodo.org/record/267355</a>
Synergic practice with a body-machine interface: implications for individual and collective motor learning
No full textObjective. Body-machine interfaces (BoMIs) translate human body movements into commands for controlling external devices, such as computer cursors. This process allows researchers to study the development and refinement of inverse models, which generate motor commands necessary for achieving desired movements. Traditionally, motor learning has focused on solo practice, but recent research has shifted towards exploring dyadic tasks, where two individuals practice together. Within dyadic tasks, synergic practice—where partners collaborate toward a shared goal—has shown promise in enhancing performance and reducing stress. However, the impact of contributions of each partner within synergic practice on individual and collective learning remains underexplored. This study aims to (i) investigate how different levels of contribution during synergic practice affect both individual and collective motor learning, and (ii) assess the impact of these contribution levels on individual performance when returning to solo practice. Approach. Forty naïve participants underwent individual practice, dyadic synergic practice, and a final round of individual practice using a BoMI to control a cursor. Participants were classified as high or low contributors based on their participation in the cursor trajectory during dyadic practice. We analyzed how these contribution levels influenced performance, motor strategies, and internal models during and after the dyadic phase. Main results. During dyadic practice, high contributors maintained motor strategies similar to their initial solo performance, while low contributors showed significant deviations. After returning to solo practice, high contributors retained better task performance, whereas low contributors initially regressed but quickly improved with additional practice, eventually matching high contributors’ performance levels. Significance. This understanding holds practical implications for optimizing dyadic practice. Our study sheds light on the influence of synergic practice on subsequent individual motor performance, contributing to a clearer understanding of its advantages and limitations for optimal implementation
Human NMN adenylyltransferase: molecular cloning, chromosomal localization, tissue mRNA levels, bacterial expression and enzymatic properties
No full text
Pierella keithbrowni Siewert, Zacca & Casagrande, sp. nov.
No full textPierella keithbrowni Siewert, Zacca & Casagrande sp. nov. (Figures 25 –28, 35, 60–61) Pierella rhea [in part]; Weymer, 1911, p. 178. Pierella ? sp.; D’Abrera, 1988, p. 730. Pierella lamia ssp. nov.; Brown & Freitas, 2000, p. 103. Pierella lamia (Sulzer, 1776); Otero & Marigo, 1990, p. 54–55.— Freitas & Brown, 2004, p. 365.— Silva, Guimarães, Vitalino, Bagni, Martins, Cordeiro & Oliveira, 2010, p. 10.— Francini, Duarte, Mielke, Caldas & Freitas, 2011, p. 65.— Soares, Bizarro, Bastos, Tangerini, Silva, Silva & Silva, 2011, p. 75. [misidentification] Diagnosis. Pierella keithbrowni sp. nov. resembles P. ni c e sp. nov., but the ocelli on the DHW are not faded and the background is lighter, especially in females. Androconial patch characterized by the small dark rounded central area (Fig. 35). Papillae anales with a well-developed straight posterior aphophysis similar to P. n i ce, sp. nov., but ductus bursae longer than corpus bursae and completely membranous (Figs 60–61). Description. Head. Front brown. Antennae dark brown. Labial palpi with elongated white scales. Thorax. Prothoracic legs white; meso and metathoracic legs brown on upper side and lighter on underside. Forewing length: male: 31–40 mm (n = 82); female: 35–41 mm (n= 45). Forewing upper side (Figs 25, 27). Mostly brown, with an intense yellow-greenish iridescent patch from basal region to submarginal line. Forewing under side (Figs 26, 28). Mostly light brown, outer margin dark and ripple pattern brown. Two white incomplete ocelli in R 5 -M 1 and M 1 -M 2. Hind wing upper side (Figs 25, 27). Mostly dark brown, lighter towards to base. Five incomplete ocelli in Rs-M 1, M 1 -M 2, M 2 -M 3, M 3 -CuA 1 and CuA 1 -CuA 2, the second larger than all others, the third one reduced and the last ocellus faded. Three black spots (in some cases four) on basal region in the discal cell. Four convex dark brown lines, the most distal line thicker and well–marked. Androconial patch with a small dark rounded central area (Fig. 35). Hind wing under side (Figs 26, 28). Similar to DHW. Outer margin brown and with five white incomplete ocelli Rs-M 1, M 1 -M 2, M 2 -M 3, M 3 -CuA 1 and CuA 1 -CuA 2. Male genitalia. Similar to P. lamia (see Figs 36–41). Female genitalia (Figs 60–61). Tergum VIII trapezoid. Papillae anales with setae at the distal area, about two times taller than longer, and sclerotized at the basal half. Sternum VIII not fused with the lamella antevaginalis. Corpus bursae completely membranous, with paired signa located dorsally; ductus bursae similar in length to the corpus bursae, membranous and dilated on the anterior portion. Distribution (Fig. 62). Pierella keithbrowni sp. nov. is distributed along the Atlantic and Parana Forest provinces of the Parana dominion, ranging from Bahia to Santa Catarina. Host plant. Maranta sp. (Marantaceae) (Otero & Marigo 1990, Freitas 1992 pers. comm. in Beccaloni et al. 2008, Brown & Freitas 2000). Etymology. This species is named in honour of Keith Spalding Brown Junior for his great contribution to the study of the Neotropical butterflies. Remarks. D’Abrera (1988) cited and illustrated a new species of Pierella from Midwest and Southern Brazil following the M. Clifton’s unpublished taxonomic work on this genus, based on specimens deposited at the NHM collection. Brown & Freitas (2000) also noticed phenotypic wings variations in specimens from southern Brazil (Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo), when compared with the P. l a m i a from Amazonian region, and suggested that as a new subspecies. The comparative morphological studies supports the M. Clifton’s proposal, and here this species is described. Pierella keithbrowni sp. nov. probably flies together with P. nice sp. nov. (see previous discussion in P. nice section), with a unique most northerly register for Sauípe de Dentro, Bahia. Type material. Holotype male with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): / HOLOTYPUS / Pierella keithbrowni Siewert, Zacca & Casagrande det. 2014 / IV – 1978 Linhares, E[spirito] S[anto] Elias leg./ DZ 29.671 / (DZUP). Allotype female with the following labels (separated by forward slash symbols): / ALLOTYPUS/ Pierella keithbrowni Siewert, Zacca & Casagrande det. 2014 / IX – 1982 Linhares, E[spirito] S[anto] Elias leg./ DZ 29.650 / (DZUP). Paratypes. BRAZIL— Bahia: Belmonte, Barrolândia, Fazenda Prosperidade, 4. I.1977, 1 male, no collector, MZFS 39.113 (MZFS); Canavieiras, Santa Luzia, Estação Experimental CEPLAC, 2. X.1987, 1 male, J. Becker leg., MZFS 39.111 (MZFS); Itamarajú, 28. X.1985, 1 male, J. Becker leg., MZFS 39.949 (MZFS); Itanagra, RPPN Lontra/ Saudade, 23. I.2012, 1 male, Linhares & Paluch leg., DZ 30.882 * (DZUP), 24. I.2012, 1 female Paluch & Linhares leg., DZ 30.881 * (DZUP); 28. IV.2012, 2 males, Linhares & Paluch leg., DZ 30.883, DZ 30.887 (DZUP), 22. VII.2012, 1 male, Linhares & Paluch leg. DZ 30.884 (DZUP), 21. VIII.2012, 1 male, Paluch & Linhares leg., DZ 30.885 (DZUP), 4. X.2012, 1 female, Paluch & Linhares leg., DZ 30.886 (DZUP); Sauípe, 6. V.2008, 1 male, T. Zacca leg. MZFS 39.114 (MZFS); Una, Reserva Biológica, 5. X.1987, 1 male, J. Becker leg. MZFS 39.112 (MZFS), 8. X.1987, 1 male, J. Becker leg. MZFS 39.110 (MZFS). Espírito Santo: Conceição da Barra, 5. IX.1967, 1 female, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.645 (DZUP), 25 m, 6–11. V.1968, 1 male, C. Elias leg. DZ 29.691 (DZUP), 8–13. IV.1968, 1 male, Elias leg. DZ 29.685 (DZUP), 25 m, 6–11. V.1968, 1 male, Elias leg. DZ 29.686 (DZUP), 25. V.1968, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.656 (DZUP), 25 m, 19–29. VI.1968, 1 male, Elias leg. DZ 30.666 * (DZUP), 20. VI.1968, 4 males and 1 female, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.652, DZ 29.667, DZ 29.669 *, DZ 29.675, DZ 29.674 * (DZUP), 27. VI.1968, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.668 (DZUP), 4. VII.1968, 1 male and 1 female, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.647, DZ 29.665 (DZUP), 17. VII.1968, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.660 (DZUP), 28. VIII.1968, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.655 (DZUP), 12. IX.1968, 2 males, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.657, DZ 29.666 (DZUP), 18. X.1968, 1 female, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.659 (DZUP), 25. XII.1968, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.672 (DZUP), 25. X.1968, 1 male and 1 female, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.646, DZ 29.658 (DZUP), 22. II.1969, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.677 (DZUP), 18. V.1969, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.676 (DZUP), 18. VI.1969, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.661 (DZUP), 11. VIII.1969, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.648 (DZUP), 4. IX.1969, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.664 (DZUP), 10.XI. 1969, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.678 (DZUP), 26. IX.1969, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.651 (DZUP), 4. X.1969, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.670 (DZUP); Linhares, III.1973, 1 male, C. Elias leg. DZ 29.680 (DZUP), IV.1973, 1 male, C. Elias leg. DZ 29.642 (DZUP), Rio Doce, 25 m, 18–26. I.1975, 2 females, H. & H. D. Ebert leg. DZ 29.689, DZ 29.692 (DZUP), IV.1978, 2 males, C. Elias leg. DZ 26.682, DZ 29.641 (DZUP), V.1978, 1 male, C. Elias leg. DZ 29.644 (DZUP), IV.1979, 2 males, C. Elias leg. DZ 29.638, DZ 29.639 (DZUP), VII.1980, 1 male, C. Elias leg. DZ 29.690 (DZUP), IX.1982, 1 male, C. Elias leg. DZ 29.649 (DZUP), EM[presa] CA[pixaba de] P[esquisa e] A[agropecuária], 25. VIII.1977, 2 males, J. Becker leg., MZFS 39.115, MZFS 40.772 (MZFS); Pedro Canário, 50–100 m, 22–27. VII.1967, 3 males and 2 females, K. Ebert leg. DZ 29.637, DZ 29.640, DZ 29.687, DZ 29.688 *, DZ 29.694 (DZUP); Santa Teresa, 10. VI.1966, 1 male, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.662 (DZUP), 12.V. 1967, C. & C. T. Elias leg. DZ 29.654 (DZUP), 750 m, 3. III.1970, 1 male, K. Ebert leg. DZ 26.684 (DZUP); Sooretama, 19 °03’ 21 ”S 25 °08’ 49 ”W, 28.II– 2. III.2010, 1 male, Moreira & Barão leg. DZ 29.681 (DZUP), Reserva Ecológica Sooretama, 19 °03’ 25 ”S 40 °08’ 50 ”W, 19–26. II.2013, 2 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg. DZ 29.695, DZ 29.696 (DZUP), 21–25. I.2014, 1 male, Mielke & Casagrande leg. DZ 29.697 (DZUP). Rio de Janeiro: Casimiro de Abreu, Barra de São João, 10 m, 30. VII.1972, 1 male, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.741 (DZUP), 18. IV.1974, 1 male, K. Ebert & H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.742 (DZUP), 4. IX.1975, 1 male, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.748 (DZUP), 14. XI.1993, 1 male, Mielke, Miers & Tangerini leg. OM 37.911 (OM); Duque de Caxias, Imbariê, 25 m, 22. I.1955, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.708 (DZUP), 25 m, 27. VIII.1955, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.722 (DZUP), 100 m, 7. I.1956, 1 male, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.733 (DZUP), 23. XII.1956, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.717 (DZUP), 12. II.1964, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.724 (DZUP), 25 m, 15. VII.1964, 1 male, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.727 (DZUP), 10. II.1965, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.738 (DZUP), 19. VII.1965, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.736 (DZUP), 100 m, 8. VII.1966, 3 males and 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.726, DZ 29.732, DZ 29.735, DZ 29.739 (DZUP), 27. VII.1967, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.737 (DZUP), 25–150 m, 1. VIII.1968, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.720 (DZUP), 25–150 m, 30. VII.1969, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.719 (DZUP), 28. VIII.1971, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.740 (DZUP), 25 m, 15. VII.1975, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.712 (DZUP), 31. VII.1977, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.730 (DZUP), 25–150 m, 15. VII.1979, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.721 (DZUP); Guapimirim, 3. VI.1937, 2 females, no collector, DZ 29.706, DZ 29.709 (DZUP), 20. VII.1940, 1 male, no collector, DZ 29.705 (DZUP), 50 m, 24. II.1962, 1 male, Ebert leg. DZ 29.711 (DZUP), 50 m, 20. VII.1963, 1 male, Ebert leg. DZ 29.718 (DZUP), 19. II.1964, 1 male, Ebert leg. DZ 29.734 (DZUP), 12. II.1966, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.728 (DZUP); Magé, Vila Inhomerim, 50–200 m, 2. VIII.1961, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.725 (DZUP), 8. II.1968, 1 male, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.731 (DZUP); Niterói, São Francisco, 150 m, 15. X.1950, 1 male, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.714 (DZUP), 21. X.1956, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.729 (DZUP); Petrópolis, Independência, 900 m, no date, 1 female, Gagarin leg. DZ 29.707 * (DZUP); Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá, Três Rios, 9. II.1919, 1 male, ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 29.704 (DZUP), 3. X.1920, 1 male, ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 29.702 (DZUP), 30. VIII.1922, 1 female, ex-coll. D’Almeida, DZ 29.701 (DZUP), 26. IX.1937, 1 male, D’Almeida leg. (IOC), Estrada do Pau da Fome, 22.IV. 1962, Mielke leg. OM 4.324 (OM), III.1972, 1 male and 1 female, Alvarenga leg. DZ 29.746, DZ 29.747 (DZUP), no specific locality, VI.1972, 2 males, Silveira leg. DZ 29.710, DZ 29.716 (DZUP), Represa Rio Grande, V.1972, 3 males and 2 females, F. M. Oliveira leg. DZ 29.698, DZ 29.699, DZ 29.700 *, DZ 29.670, DZ 29.758 (DZUP), Vargem Grande, 16. VIII.1964, 1 male, Mielke leg. OM 3.619 (OM); Xerém, Serra de Tinguá, 50 m, 15. VIII.1954, 1 female, ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 30.670 (DZUP), 12. II.1955, 1 male, ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 29.744 (DZUP), 20. II.1956, 1 female, ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 29.715 (DZUP), 24. II.1958, 1 male, ex-coll. Ebert, DZ 29.745 (DZUP). Minas Gerais: Caratinga, Estação Biológica de Caratinga, 400m, 29.I– 3. II.2003, 4 males, Mielke & Casagrande leg. DZ 29.759, DZ 29.761, DZ 29.762, DZ 29.764 (DZUP); Itueta, 24. V.1979, 2 males, no collector, DZ 29.679, DZ 29.760 (DZUP); Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, 200 m, 5. IX.1972, 1 male, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.749 (DZUP), 9. XI.1972, 2 females, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.751, DZ 29.752 (DZUP), 14. XII.1972, 1 male, H. & H. D. Ebert leg. DZ 29.750 (DZUP), 14. II.1974, 1 female, H. Ebert leg. DZ 29.755 (DZUP), 24. IX.1974, 2 males and 1 female, Gifford leg. DZ 29.754, DZ 29.756, DZ 29.757 (DZUP), 350 m, 8–9. III.1994, 2 males, Mielke leg. DZ 29.765, DZ 29.766 (DZUP). Santa Catarina: Joinville, 10–200 m, 8. III.1980, 1 male, Mielke & Miers leg. OM 58.688 (OM).Published as part of Zacca, Thamara, Siewert, Ricardo R., Casagrande, Mirna M., Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Paluch, Márlon, 2016, Taxonomic revision of the " Pierella lamia species group " (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) with descriptions of four new species from Brazil, pp. 366-386 in Zootaxa 4078 (1) on pages 379-380, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4078.1.31, http://zenodo.org/record/26735
Molecular cloning and structural and functional characterization of human NMN adenylyltransferase (NMNAT).
No full text- …
