108 research outputs found
Calendula eckerleinii Ohle 1975
No full text<p> <b>3.</b> <i>Calendula eckerleinii</i> Ohle (1975a: 8); Valdés <i>et al.</i> (2002: 671); Ibn Tattou & Fennane (2009: 27); Dobignard & Chatelain (2011: 186); Gonçalves <i>et al.</i> (2014: 273). Type:— MOROCCO. Middle Atlas, Ifrane, 15 May 1955, <i>Meusel s.n.</i> (holotype HAL! [29895]).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>:––Perennial herbs, ± woody at the base. Stems (15) 33–45.5 (56) cm long, ascending to decumbent, with glandular hairs. Basal leaves (3.8) 4.6–7.0 (9.7) × (0.4) 0.6–1.1 (1.5) cm, with (0.2) 0.3–0.4 (0.5) mm thick, linear to oblanceolate, apex obtuse, margins sinuate-dentate, with glandular hairs predominating in the lamina and white-arachnoid non-glandular hairs in the margin. Capitula solitary, (2.7) 3.1–3.8 (5.2) cm diameter, concolorous, yellow. Achenes heteromorphic: outer achenes rostrate (7) 9.3–10.3 (12.2) × (1.3) 1.7–1.8 (2.2) mm, ± straight or slightly curved, without dorsal spines and ventral tooth; middle achenes trialate (5.7) 6.3–7 (7.8) × (2.5) 4.2–6.7 (7.8) mm, slightly curved, lateral wings sinuate-dentate, with a narrow ventral wing, without dorsal wings or spines; inner achenes vermiculate-exalate (3.3) 4.5–5.2 (5.8) × (1.3) 1.7–1.8 (2) mm, falcate or hook-shaped, sometimes with a small ventral wing. Figures 16 and 21 C-F.</p> <p> <b>Habitat and distribution</b>:—Limestone rocks, slopes or gravel of low and medium mountains, at elevations of 895 <i>–</i> 1950 m. It is found in humid to sub-humid cold Mediterranean bio-climate. Endemic to Middle Atlas (Ifrane, Ain Leuh near Oued Oum-er-Rbia; Timahdite; Massif du Kandar; and Jbel Zalagh); with one population in Kef <i>-</i> el <i>-</i> Ghar. Figure 13.</p> <p> <b>Conservation status</b>:—Endangered (EN). Some populations of this species are threatened by climate change, due to reduced habitat range and lack of connection between populations. The species is known from six subpopulations (6 locations) in the Middle Atlas Mountains. It is rare and local with a small-restricted range. Both the EOO of 17 871.722 km 2 and the AOO of 52 km 2, qualify the species as EN. Therefore, we propose its conservation status as EN Bab (iii, v) +2ab (iii, v).</p> <p> <b>Chromosome number</b>:—2 <i>n</i> = 18.</p> <p> <b>Genome size</b>:—1.74 ± 0.08 pg.</p> <p> <b>Notes</b>:— <i>Calendula eckerleinii</i> is widely distributed in the moist region of Ifrane, occurring near <i>C. meuselii</i> in the Middle Atlas Mountains. According to Ohle (1975a: 8), the limits of the distribution of this taxon may extend towards Tlemcen (Algeria), however, we did not find specimens of <i>C. eckerleinii</i> beyond the above mentioned area. Ohle (1975b: 537) described <i>C. suffruticosa</i> subsp. <i>tlemcensis</i> from Tlemcen, but he did not mention the occurrence of <i>C. eckerleinii</i> in this region. Ibn Tattou & Fennane (2009: 27) and Valdés <i>et al.</i> (2002: 671) also recorded <i>C. eckerleinii</i> for Jbel Tazzeka. However, a different plant morphology was found in this region (see <i>C. davisii</i> described from Jbel Tazzeka). <i>Calendula eckerleinii</i> was initially identified as <i>C. suffruticosa</i> due to some similar morphologies (e.g. habit, basal leaves). It has been postulated that, by crossing with <i>C. stellata</i> (<i>2n</i> = 14), <i>C. echerleinii</i> (<i>2n</i> = 18) has originated the <i>C. suffruticosa</i> group (<i>2n</i> = 32) (Heyn & Joel 1983: 326, Ohle 1975a: 7).</p> <p> The basal leaves of the populations of <i>C. eckerleinii</i> occurring near Ifrane have the narrowest leaves, with margins sinuate-dentate, while those from Jbel Zalagh and Oued Oum-er-Rbia have oblanceolate leaves, with margins subentire. This variation may be linked to environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, shade). According to the description provided by Ohle (1975a: 8), sometimes they present trialate achenes with a narrow or reduced ventral wing, resembling a bialate achene.</p> <p> <b>Additional collections</b>:— MOROCCO. <b>Casablanca-Settat</b>: Ain Leuh, estrada P7311, perto de l’Oued Oum-er-Rbia, 1505 m [33°16’48” N, 5°20’23” W], 8 May 2014, <i>P</i> <i>. Silveira & A. C. R. S.</i> <i>Gonçalves 3330</i> (AVE!). <b>Fès-Meknès</b>: Timahdite, rocas de Foung Kheneg, 1920–1980 m, [33°14’12” N, 5°03’34” W], 8 May 2014, <i>P</i> <i>. Silveira & A. C. R. S.</i> <i>Gonçalves 3331</i> (AVE!); 31 km from Ifrane, 48 km from Sefrou, 25 km of Boulemane, at junction of Ifrane road, 1572 m [33°27’18” N, 4°51’25” W], 8 May 2014, <i>P</i> <i>. Silveira & A. C. R. S.</i> <i>Gonçalves 3332</i> (AVE!); Fes Jbel Zalagh, 895 m [34°06’19” N, 4°58’11” W], 9 May 2014, <i>P</i> <i>. Silveira & A. C. R. S.</i> <i>Gonçalves 3333</i> (AVE!).</p>Published as part of <i>Gonçalves, Ana Carla, Ouhammoud, Ahmed, Amirouche, Rachid, Santos, Conceição, Figueiredo, Estrela & Silveira, Paulo, 2023, A taxonomic revision of Calendula (Asteraceae) in Morocco, including some taxa from Algeria and Tunisia, pp. 1-83 in Phytotaxa 605 (1)</i> on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.605.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8181518">http://zenodo.org/record/8181518</a>
Biofilm plaque and hydrodynamic effects on mass transfer, fluoride delivery and caries.
No full textDental plaque is a dynamic community of microor-ganisms, developing continually and reshaping the microenvironment in which they live.1,2 Bacteria and other organisms in the plaque take nutrients from our saliva and the food we eat to proliferate. Immediately after tooth cleaning, bacteria left on the tooth surface and those attaching to the tooth surface from other parts of the oral cavity such as the tongue, gingivae and cheek mucosa begin to regrow. As the biofilm grows, it forms an irregular heterogeneous structure containing clusters of cells surrounded by channels through which liquid, such as saliva, can flow.3,4 Aerobic organisms on the periphery of the cell clusters remove dissolved oxygen (DO) rapidly, creating favorable microniches for pathogenic anaerobic bacteria to thrive. Thus, as the biofilm develops, it may be thought of as an ecosystem, containing many habitats and organisms. Bacteria modify the local environment through the production of acid from the fermentation of sucrose and other fermentable sugars in the diet, which then may increase demineralization of the enamel surface, leading to, or accelerating, the development of caries.5 The literature contains many excellent reviews regarding the microbial ecology and management of dental plaque biofilms.1,2,6 However, it is the goal of this review to concentrate on the effect that the interactions between biofilm and hydrodynamics have on the delivery of fluoride ion (F–) to the tooth surface, and the effect that F– might have on biofilm physiology and, consequently, the cariogenic process
Dynamical Modelling and Simulation of Waste water Filtration Process by Submerged Membrane Bioreactors
No full textA mathematical model was developed for the filtration process and the influence of aeration on Submerged Membrane Bioreactors. The dynamics of sludge attachment to and detachment from the membrane, in relation to the filtration and a strong intermittent aeration, were included in the model. The influence on the membrane fouling of intermittent aeration injected on the membrane surface, and its synchronization with intermittent filtration, were studied numerically and experimentally. For the evaluation of filtration cake development, the assumption of the presence of two cake layers (one dynamic and the other stable) was considered. The model development and simulation focused on the description of existing relationships among important system variables like mixed liquor suspended solids concentration, aeration, temperature of the sludge suspension, transmembrane pressure, and the fouling increase during the filtration process. The model obtained offers the possibility of improving the design configuration and operation strategies of Submerged Membrane Bioreactors in wastewater treatment, and it allows the of aeration-filtration cycles to be optimized
Parsing coordinations
No full textThe present paper is concerned with statistical parsing of constituent structures in German. The paper presents four experiments that aim at improving parsing performance of coordinate structure: 1) reranking the n-best parses of a PCFG parser, 2) enriching the input to a PCFG parser by gold scopes for any conjunct, 3) reranking the parser output for all possible scopes for conjuncts that are permissible with regard to clause structure. Experiment 4 reranks a combination of parses from experiments 1 and 3. The experiments presented show that n- best parsing combined with reranking improves results by a large margin. Providing the parser with different scope possibilities and reranking the resulting parses results in an increase in F-score from 69.76 for the baseline to 74.69. While the F-score is similar to the one of the first experiment (n-best parsing and reranking), the first experiment results in higher recall (75.48% vs. 73.69%) and the third one in higher precision (75.43% vs. 73.26%). Combining the two methods results in the best result with an F-score of 76.69
Risk assessment of estuaries under climate change: Lessons from Western Europe
No full textClimate change with rising sea levels and possible changes in surge levels and wave climate will have a large impact on how we protect our coastal areas and cities. Here the focus is on estuarine locations not only affected by tide and surge propagation, but also potentially influenced by freshwater discharge. Mitigation measures might be diverse ranging from pure hard ‘engineering’ solutions all the way to significant realignment. The variation in the type/origin and extent of the flood sources greatly influences subsequent risk management measures. At the same time, society is increasingly demanding that we take a holistic view on risk management, embracing and balancing safety, ecological and socio-economic aspects. This requires that all these diverse factors need to be considered together and integrated. In this context, the Source–Pathway–Receptor (SPR) approach offers a powerful holistic tool to investigate changing risk connected to extreme events.The traditional SPR approach with a consecutive treatment of the flood, pathway and receptor is well understood and is widely used in coastal flood risk analysis. Here an enhanced 2D conceptual version of the SPR method is used to better describe the system and to allow flexibility in considering multiple scales, flood sources and pathways. The new approach is demonstrated by three estuarine case studies in western Europe: the Gironde estuary, France; the Dendermonde region in the Scheldt estuary, Belgium; and HafenCity (Hamburg) in the Elbe estuary, Germany. They differ considerably in the surface area considered, in the type of flood sources, and hence also in the SPR configuration. After a brief introduction of the typical characteristics of the three study sites including some lessons learned from past flood protection measures, the differences in application and results of the SPR approach are discussed. Emphasis is on the specific aspects for each study site, but embedded in a generic SPR framework. The resulting generic lessons learned about the flood sources and how this shapes subsequent analysis are transferable to numerous important estuaries worldwide
Innovation in coastal risk management: An exploratory analysis of risk governance issues at eight THESEUS study sites
No full textThe nature of coastal risk management is changing, away from an engineering-dominated approach seeking to defend against the sea, to one where risks are managed using a portfolio of measures usually incorporating an acceptance of a finite standards of protection. Inherent in the modern approach is the use of new techniques and approaches, and the process of innovation is important to their adoption across Europe. This paper is based on the hypothesis that governance issues can constrain that process of innovation or enhance it, and that the focus of these governance issues concerns institutional arrangements, legal capabilities, funding regimes and stakeholder engagement Over a period of three years, two questionnaire surveys have been undertaken of the 'Stakeholders' and the 'Site Champions' involved in THESEUS research sites, including in-depth interviews, seeking information on these matters across the wide range of circumstances in these different geographical locations. Our tentative conclusion is that technical issues concerned with risk assessment and risk reduction choices are not central to the process of innovation with regard to the practice of risk management, but that institutional culture, traditions and capabilities are of greater significance. This resonates with the literature on governance and innovation, which stresses the importance of the social context in which governance arrangements can be improved and in which innovation flourishes
Referenzmodell Fertigungssysteme. Leitfaden zur Anwendung. Berichte zu den Arbeitspaketen 5850, 5860, 5870 und 5880, Teilprojekt 5800 Fertigungssysteme, DZ-SIMPROLOG
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