1,423 research outputs found
Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted 1,2-Ethylenediaziridines and Their Use as Ligands in Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation
No full textThe double addition of organometallic reagents to fused oxazino-oxazines prepared from glyoxal and (S)-phenylglycinol afforded C2- or C1-symmetric 1,2-ethylenebis(-aminoalcohols), depending on the nature of the organometallic reagent. This route was modified by the use of (S)-valinol and phenylglyoxal as starting materials, and by reduction of the oxazino-oxazines by diborane. Cyclization of the -aminoalcohol moieties gave 1,2-ethylenediaziridines bearing one substituent/stereocenter on the ring carbon and one, two or no substituents/stereocenters in the ethylene tether. These bis(aziridines) were used as ligands in the Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation of dimethyl malonate. It was established that the substituent(s) in the carbon tether and the configuration of the corresponding stereocenters have limited influence on the enantioselectivity
Angiotensin-converting enzyme content of human spermatozoa and its release during capacitation.
No full text
Chicken immune cell assay to evaluate the immune-modulating effect of grape by-products
No full textAgro-industrial by-products offer sustainable and cost-effective alternatives to traditional feedstuffs. Grape
by-products (GP) come from winery and are known to be rich in phenolic compounds. We evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of GP on chicken immune cells by isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
from chicken blood and exposing them to various GP forms. Original GP (oGP) was digested in vitro using
the INFOGEST protocol to obtain digested GP (ivdGP). Phenolic compounds were extracted from oGP using
a water:ethanol solution, yielding extracted GP (extGP). We measured total phenolic content in oGP and extGP
with a colorimetric Folin assay. Chicken PBMC were treated for 24 h with oGP, ivdGP, and extGP, and immunophenotyping was applied using flow cytometry. The extGP treatment increased the proportion of dead cells but
significantly enhanced CD4+CD25+ and CD8+CD25+ T cells activation, suggesting that extGP induced T cell
activation without promoting proliferation. No significant changes were observed in CD4 and CD8 T cell activation with other treatments, nor did any treatment significantly affected B cells. To conclude, only extGP enhanced
CD4 and CD8 T cell activation among the tested GP forms, highlighting its potential immunomodulatory role in
chicken PBMC immune response. This suggests that specific GP forms can influence the immune system, providing insights for their use for poultry nutrition and health management
Quality in the extra-analytical phases of urinalysis.
No full textQuality in the extra-analytical phases of urinalysis
Shedding light on nocturnal movements in parkinson’s disease: Evidence from wearable technologies
No full textIn Parkinson’s disease (PD), abnormal movements consisting of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic manifestations commonly lead to nocturnal distress and sleep impairment, which significantly impact quality of life. In PD patients, these nocturnal disturbances can reflect diseaserelated complications (e.g., nocturnal akinesia), primary sleep disorders (e.g., rapid eye movement behaviour disorder), or both, thus requiring different therapeutic approaches. Wearable technologies based on actigraphy and innovative sensors have been proposed as feasible solutions to identify and monitor the various types of abnormal nocturnal movements in PD. This narrative review addresses the topic of abnormal nocturnal movements in PD and discusses how wearable technologies could help identify and assess these disturbances. We first examine the pathophysiology of abnormal nocturnal movements and the main clinical and instrumental tools for the evaluation of these disturbances in PD. We then report and discuss findings from previous studies assessing nocturnal movements in PD using actigraphy and innovative wearable sensors. Finally, we discuss clinical and technical prospects supporting the use of wearable technologies for the evaluation of nocturnal movements
Direct Nucleophilic Substitution of Alcohols by Brønsted or Lewis Acids Activation: An Update
No full textTypically substitution of alcohols involves a two-step activation/displacement pathway thus leading to the generation of additional waste. The current chapter considers an alternative reaction manifold with the displacement taking place directly through activation of the alcohol by either a Lewis or Brønsted acid. With particular focus on the literature since 2011, an initial overview of carbenium ion reactivity is provided followed by a survey of displacement reactions grouped by the nature of the nucleophile. Finally, advances in both diastereoselective and enantioselective variants of the reaction are discussed
The Italian External Quality Assessment (EQA) program on urinary sediment by microscopy examination: A 20 years journey
No full textIn spite of the introduction of automated systems for urinary sediment analysis, microscopy examination remains the gold standard, and it is more than ever important to perform it with a good and reliable quality. External Quality Assessment (EQA) programs on urinary sediment are rare. The present paper provides an analysis of results from 2001 to date of the EQA Italian program which involves today 230 laboratories. The program includes four surveys per year. Participants are asked the identification and clinical associations of urinary sediment particles, shown as phase contrast microscopy images in the website of the Center of Biomedical Research (CRB) (2 surveys), and the diagnosis of clinical cases presented by both images and a short clinical history (2 surveys). The results of each survey are then scored and commented. In 20 years, 298 images were presented: 90 cells (9 types), 23 lipids (5 types), 87 casts (21 types), 53 crystals (14 types), 22 microorganisms (5 types), and 23 contaminants (9 types). Moreover, 27 clinical cases, covering a wide spectrum of conditions with different degrees of complexity, were presented to participants. Identification: among urinary particle categories, the correct identification rate (obtained for each particle from the sum of correct + partially correct answers) was very high for micro-organisms (mean ± SD: 96.2 ± 3.5%), high for lipids (88.0 ± 11.8%) and crystals (87.0 ± 16.5%) followed, in decreasing order, by cells (82.1 ± 15.9%), casts (81.8 ± 14.8%), and contaminants (76.7 ± 22.1%). Clinical associations (n=67): the rate of correct answers was 93.5 ± 5.7% ranging from 75.0 to 100% for all but one clinical association (i.e., acute glomerulonephritis: 55.4%). Clinical cases: throughout surveys, due to the overall rate of particle misidentification, only 59.8 ± 17.1%, (range 32.5-88.7%) of participants achieved access to clinical diagnosis. Of these, 88.7 ± 10.6% (range 59.9-99.3%) were able to indicate the correct diagnosis. Our program can be used as a tool to improve the identification of urine particles and the knowledge of their clinical meaning and to encourage specialists of laboratory medicine to correlate urinary findings with other laboratory data and the clinical history, an aspect that improves the value of the day by day work
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