569 research outputs found
Kafkas Zeiten im 'Process'
No full textDer Beitrag untersucht die komplexen Figurationen der Zeit in Kafkas Romanfragment "Der Prozess
Anova F ve welch testi ile bunlarin permutasyon versiyonlarinin 1. tip hata ve testin gücü bakimindan karşilaştirilması
No full textWe compared Analysis of Variance (F) and the Welch test (W) with their respective permutation versions (PF and PW) in terms of Type I error rate (alpha) and test power (1-beta) by Monte Carlo simulation technique. Simulation results showed that when the variances were homogeneous, the permutation versions of F and W tests displayed more reliable results in terms of protecting Type I error rate at nominal level, regardless of distribution shape and sample size. Violation of homogeneity of variances adversely affected all tests. Regardless of sample size and effect size, the PF test was slightly more powerful compared to the F test as long as the variances were homogeneous and the distributions were skewed (chi(2)(3) and Exp [0.75]). The PF and F tests had similar power levels when the distributions were symmetrical (Beta (5.5)). The W test was more powerful with homogenous variances, while the PW test was slightly superior with heterogonous variances except for unbalanced sample sizes (i.e., 5:10:15)
Die Unwirklichkeit in der Dichtung F. Kafkas
No full textGegen die Kritik K. Edschmids, Kafka projiziere Wunder in gewëhnliche Vorgänge hinein, erhob Kafka Protest, indem er behauptete, daß er das Gewöhnliche nur aufzeichne. Die anderen hielten seine Bilderwelt mit Unrecht für die unwirkliche, weil sie die Augen schließen und das wirkliche Aussehen und die Bedeutung der Dinge nicht sehen könnten. Über die Bilder Picassos äußerte sich Kafka wie folgt: Er notiert bioß die Verunstaltungen, die noch nicht in unser Bewußtsein eingedrungen sind. Kunst sei ein Spiegel, der vorgeht wie eine Uhr - manchmal. Diese Erklärung betrifft auch seine Dichtung. Während Picasso in der Deformation die Wahrheit ausdrückt, zeigt uns Kafka in den unwirklichen Ausdrücken das Unzerstörbare. Die Unwirklichkeit der Dichtung Kafkas läßt sich um so leichter verstehen, wenn man sie nicht als eine aus Eigenschaften oder Konkretheit bestehende Welt, sondern als einheitliche Welt begreift, die beide Seiten umschließt. Kafka selbst stand an der Grenze der zwei Welten, beobachtete und zeichnete sie zugleich auf, obwohl er weder dieser Weit noch jener Weit gehörte. Er lebte „genau an der Grenze dieser beiden Stadtteile" (zw. dem Getto und dem Altstädter Ring), hat „dieses Grenzland zwischen Einsamkeit und Gemeinschaft nur äußerst selten überschritten und sich darin sogar mehr angesieclelt als in der Einsamkeit seIbst" (F. Kafka: Tagebücher 1910~1923). In diesem Grenzland beobachtet Kafka die äufierlich unwirklich aussehende Welt, die sonst von niemandem gesehen wircl. Für Kafka ist dieses Grenzland „der archimeclische Punkt" (Paralipomena. Zu cler Reihe ,Er') oder „jener fremde Blick des großen Galilei"(B. Brecht: Kleines Organon für das Theater). Von diesem Punkt aus wird die Erfahrungswelt nicht mehr als die in Harmonie bestehende, sondern als absurde gesehen, in der „die empirischen Ordnungen von Raum und Zeit, Ursache und Wirkung, nicht mehr zu bestehen scheinen" (W. Emrich: Zur Ästhetik der modernen Dichtung)
Effect of rootstocks on fruit quality and aroma characteristics of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
No full textAşılı karpuz fidesi kullanımı, stres koşullarına tolerans sağlaması ve verim potansiyelini olumlu yönde etkilemesi nedeniyle son yıllarda hızla artmaya başlamıştır. Sebzelerde aşılamada, kullanılan anaçlara bağlı olarak, meyve kalitesinde olumlu ya da olumsuz değişimler meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak yapılan araştırma sayısı ise sınırlı düzeydedir. Aşılı karpuz üretiminde, anacın meyve kalitesi üzerine etkisi tam olarak ortaya konulmamıştır. Bu çalışmada, karpuz anaç ıslah programında yer alan saf hat (bir adet Cucurbita moschata ve dört adet Cucurbita maxima) ve türler arası melez (beş adet C. maxima × C. moschata) kabak anaç genotiplerinin karpuzun kalite ve aroma içeriklerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Kontrol olarak aşısız Crisby F 1 karpuz çeşidi, bir adet su kabağı anacı (Argentario F 1 ) ve iki adet türler arası ticari hibrit anaç (Obez F 1 , Shintosa F 1 ) kullanılmıştır. Tüm aşılı karpuzlarda; meyve eti, aşısız karpuza (10.73 N) göre daha sert olarak bulunmuştur. Anaç x kalem kombinasyonlarında meyve eti sertlik değerleri 13.75 N (K6/C) ve 22.53 N (M6/C) ve meyve kabuk kalınlığı değerleri 16.05 (K9/C) - 18.24 mm (Argentario/C) arasında değişim göstermiştir. Aşılı kombinasyonların büyük bir bölümünde meyve kabuk kalınlığı değerleri artmıştır. Kullanılan farklı anaçların, karpuzun meyve şekline etki etmediği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada bir anaç kombinasyonu hariç, tüm kombinasyonlarda aşısız karpuza göre daha yüksek suda çözünebilir kuru maddenin (% SÇKM) olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek SÇKM oranı, M6/C (% 12.87), M3/C (%12.53) ve B1/C (% 12.50) kombinasyonlarında ölçülmüştür. Kullanılan anaca göre, C vitamini değerleri belirgin olarak değişmiştir. Aşılı karpuzlarda bu içerik; aşısız karpuza göre, % 30.30 azalış (M3/C) ile % 17.09 (Argentario/C) artış göstermiştir. İncelenen anaç/kalem kombinasyonlarının; 8 tanesinin aşısız Crisby F 1 karpuz çeşidinden daha yüksek ve 4 tanesinin ise daha düşük likopen içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Tat analizi sonucunda; M2/C (4.87), M3/C (4.53), B1/C (4.35), Argentario/C (4.29) ve Obez/C (4.14) kombinasyonlarının aşısız karpuza göre (4.08) daha yüksek puan aldıkları belirlenmiştir. Ancak, incelenen anaç/kalem kombinasyonlarının büyük bir kısmında (9 adet) hafif derecede lifli yapının oluştuğu saptanmıştır. Karpuzda anaç kullanımının, uçucu aroma bileşiklerinin miktarı üzerine etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen bileşikler arasında (Z,Z)-3,6- nonadien-1-ol (karpuz kokusu) bileşiği yönünden yüksek ve (Z)-6-nonen-1-ol (kabak kokusu) bileşiği yönünden düşük değerlere sahip M6/C kombinasyonu ön plana çıkmıştır. Tüm kalite ve aroma sonuçları birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; M6 ve M2 anaç genotiplerinin aşılı karpuz için en iyi yerli anaç adayları olduğu belirlenmiştir.In recent years, grafted watermelon seedling use has been rapidly increasing due to providing tolerance to stress conditions and positively affecting on yield potential. Fruit quality was varied depending on the rootstock used positively or negatively in grafted vegetables. The number of research is limited in this topic. The effect of the rootstocks on fruit quality has not been fully revealed in grafted watermelon production. In this study, the using of the inbred lines (one Cucurbita moschata and four Cucurbita maxima) and interspecific cross (five C. maxima × C. moschata) rootstocks were investigated for fruit quality and aroma characteristics on the watermelon. Non-grafted Crisby F 1 watermelon cultivar, one bottle gourd (Argentario F 1 ) and two interspecific rootstock cultivars (Obez F 1 , Shintosa F 1 ) were used as control commercial cultivars. In all grafted watermelon, the fruit flesh firmness was higher than non- grafted watermelon (10.73 N). According to the rootstock x scion combinations, the fruit firmness was varied between 13.75 N (K6/C) and 22.53 N (M6/C). The rind thickness was changed between 16.05 (K9/C) - 18.24 mm (Argentario/C). In the most of the grafted combinations, the rind thickness increased. Rootstocks did not effect on fruit shape. Higher total soluble solids were determined in all graft combinations than non-grafted watermelon. The highest soluble solids contents were determined in the combination of M6/C (12.87%), M3/C (12.53%) and B1/C (12.50%). The vitamin C contents were significantly affected by rootstocks. These values in grafted watermelons increased by 30.30% (M3/C) and 17.09% (Argentario/C) reduction was observed compared to non-grafted watermelon. The lycopene content of eight combinations were found higher and four of them less than non-grafted watermelon. As a result of degustation panel tests, it was determined that M2/C (4.87), M3/C (4.53), B1/C (4.35) Argentario/C (29.4) and Obez/C (4.14) combinations scores were higher than non-grafted watermelon (4.08). However, they were determined that the majority of combinations (9) have slightly fibrous flesh structure. The use of grafted watermelon was found to be effective on the amount of volatile aroma compounds. M6 / C combination having high (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol (watermelon smell) compound and low (Z)-6-nonen-1-ol (squash smell) compound values was come into prominence. According to evaluated all fruit quality and aroma results; M6 and M2 genotypes were selected as the suitable local rootstock candidates for grafted watermelon production
Isolation of flavobacterium psychrophilum in farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
No full textDört faklı gökkuşağı alabalığı kuluçkahanesinden alınan örneklerde Flavobacterium psychrophilum’un ortaya çıkış noktaları ve bulaşma yolları incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla yumurta inkubasyon suyu, ovaryum sıvısı, sperm, döllenmemiş yumurta, döllenmiş yumurta, gözlenmiş yumurta ve larval dönemlerden örneklemeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, ovaryum sıvısında, inkübasyon suyunda ve yumurtada F. psycrophilum tespit edilmiş, sperm örneklerinde ise etkene rastlanmamıştır. Dolayısıyla anaç balıkların bu patojenin latent taşıyıcısı olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır. Araştırmada Fethiye bölgesinde 4 farklı gökkuşağı alabalığı kuluçkahanesinden Ocak-Şubat 2007 tarihlerinde F. psychrophilum’un toplamda 44 izolatı elde edilmiştir. Farklı işletmelerden izole edilen F. psychrophilum’un fenotipik karekterleri homojen bulunmuştur. Bu izolatların biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik özellikleri F.psychrophilum’u karakterize etmektedir. Enzim üretimleri API ZYM test kitleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. API ZYM testleri sonucunda; F. psychrophilum izolatlarının proteolitik ve lipolitik enzimleri üretebilme yeteneğinde olduğu ancak karbonhidratları kullanamadığı tespit edilmiş, izolatların esteraz ve sistin arilamidaz enzim üretiminde de farklılık gösterdikleri saptanmıştır.Occurrence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum at four rainbow trout hatcheries was investigated to proved more knowledge about the reservoirs and transmission of this bacterium. Incubating water, ovarian fluid, milt, unfertilized eggs, fertilized eggs, eyed eggs and fry stages were sampled. Flavobacterium psychrophilum was not found in milt while the pathogen was found ovarian fluid. Indicating that broodstock may serve as a reservoir and are latent carriers of the pathogen. F. psychrophilum was determined on eggs and from water samples. F. psychrophilum 44 isolates was isolated from four rainbow trout hatcheries in Fethiye region during January and February 2007. The F. psychrophilum isolates obtained from different farms proved to be homogeneously phenotipic characteristics. The F. psychrophilum isolates represented a biochemical and physiological characteristics were observed. Enzym production was tested using API ZYM strips. In the result of API ZYM test, the F. psychrophilum isolates produced lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes but not utilise simple or complex carbohydrates. Isolates from all of the four hatcheries studied showed differences in estrase and cyctin arylamidase production within a group
Dondurulmuş boğa sperması kalitesi üzerine değişik antioksidanların etkileri
No full textBüyükleblebici, Serhat (Aksaray, Yazar)The objective of this study was to assess the effects of antioxidant supplement (A), fetuin (F), aminoacid (AS) and cysteine (CY) on the sperm parameters, plasma membrane integrity, chromatin damage and antioxidant activities after freeze-thawing. Ejaculates were split into five aliquots and extended to a final concentration of 15x106 spermatozoa/ml with the Tris base extender containing 0.5 ml A, 2 mg/ml F, 13% AS, 5 mM CY andadditive (C). The extended samples were equlibrated slowly to 4°C during 4 h and then frozen using a digital freezing machine.. Frozen straws were thawed individually in water bath at 37°C for 30 s to analyse progressive motility and sperm motion characteristics as well as membrane integrityBiochemical assays were performed in a spectrophotometer using commercial kits. Chromatin damage was evaluated by Comet Assay. A, F, AS anddid not show better result on the percentages of post-thaw sperm motilities. CY exhibited the greatest value of plasma membrane integrity (P<0.05)Total abnormalities were greater in C and F (17.5±0.57%; 15.5±1.98%, respectively; P<0.05). F had greater chromatin damage results (P<0.05).activity was affected by type of antioxidant, notably CY yielded the lowest results when compared to the other groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, although using antioxidants does not have any influence on the sperm motility after thawing, A, AS and CY cause reduction at abnormal spermatozoa;exhibits the greatest cryoprotective activity on plasma membrane integrity and F caused an increase at chromatin damage.Bu çalışmanın amacı, sperma sulandırıcısına ilave edilen antioksidan suplementi (A), fetuin (F), aminoasit (AS) ve sisteinin (CY) dondurma çözündürme sonrası spermatolojik parametreler, plazma membran bütünlüğü, kromatin hasarı ve antioksidan aktivite üzerine etkilerini değerlendirmekti. Ejakülatlar 5 eşit parçaya ayrıldı ve mililitrede 15x106 spermatozoa olacak şekilde biri kontrol ve diğerleri 0.5 ml A, 2 mg/ml F, %13 AS ve 5 mM CY içeren Tris bazlı sperma sulandırıcısı ile sulandırıldı. Sulandırılan spermalar 4°C de 4 saat süre ile ekülibre edildi ve otomatik sperma dondurma cihazı kullanılarak donduruldu. Dondurulan spermalar sıcak su banyosunda 37°C’de 30 saniye süre ile çözündürülerek plazma membran bütünlüğünün yanı sıra spermanın ileri yönlü hareketleri ve sperma hareket özellikleri değerlendirildi. Biyokimyasal analizler ticari kit kullanılarak spektrofotometrede yapıldı. Kromatin hasarı Comet Testi ile değerlendirildi. A, F, AS ve CY; ileri yönlü spermatozoa hareketi yönünden herhangi bir iyileştirici yönde sonuç göstermedi. Plazma membran bütünlüğü yönünden CY diğer gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek değeri gösterdi (P<0.05). Toplam anormal spermatozoa oranı diğer gruplara oranla en yüksek C ve F (%17.5±0.57; %15.5±1.98, sırasıyla) gruplarında belirlendi (P<0.05). F en yüksek kromatin hasarını oluşturdu (P<0.05). GPx aktivitesi antioksidan tipinden etkilendi, diğer gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında özellikle CY en düşük sonuçları verdi (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak, kullanılan antioksidanlar dondurma çözündürme sonrası sperma motilitesi üzerine herhangi bir olumlu etki göstermemesine rağmen A, AS ve CY anormal spermatozoa oranının düşmesine neden oldu. CY plazma membran bütünlüğü yönünden en yüksek korumayı sağlarken, F kromatin hasarının artmasına neden oldu
Schrift und Zeit in Franz Kafkas Oktavheften
No full textZwischen 1916 und 1918 schrieb Franz Kafka hauptsächlich mit Bleistift in kleine Notizbücher im Oktavformat. In diesen sogenannten Oktavheften sind Tagebuchfetzen, Briefentwürfe und Erzählkomplexe gesammelt, die Kafka teilweise in seinem »Landarzt«-Band publizierte. Andere erst nach seinem Tod veröffentlichte Texte wie »Die Brücke«, »Der Jäger Gracchus« oder »Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer« haben später große Bekanntheit erlangt. Dieser Sammelband widmet sich zum ersten Mal aus verschiedenen Perspektiven ganz dem handschriftlichen Zusammenhang der Oktavhefte. Dabei kommt eine Utopie des Schreibens in den Blick, die überraschende Schlüsse zu Kafkas Poetik, seinen Überlegungen zur Zeit und der Beschäftigung mit dem Zionismus zulässt
Der Schau-Prozeß. Kafkas Roman und seine dramatische Bearbeitung durch Peter Weiss
No full textLernbereich: Deutsch, Schulstufe: Sekundarstufe II. Art des Textes: Unterrichtsentwurf. Kontextmaterial: Text; Fotografie. Unterrichtsgegenstand: Der Prozess von F. Kafka, bearbeitet durch P. Weiss. Peter Weiss hat Kafkas Prozess in zwei verschiedenen Fassungen fuer die Buehne bearbeitet. En Vergleich von Roman und Drama und die Auseinandersetzung mit der Interpretation von Weiss kann einen neuen Zugang zu Kafkas Text schaffen. Am Anfang steht der genaue Textvergleich zwischen epischer und dramatischer Form. Dabei werden zum einen die spezifischen Besonderheiten der jeweiligen Form deutlich. Zum anderen verweist die Bearbeitung auf die zugrundeliegende Interpretation. Weiss betont die Bedeutung der Sexualitaet und den Zusammenhang zur Schuld. Durch die genaue historische Festlegung, die Weiss im Drama vornimmt, wird K.s Schuld auch ausdruecklich sozial determiniert. Die Freiwilligkeit seiner Unterwerfung wird betont und kritisiert. Anhand der Struktur des Buehnenbilds wird abschliessend der Vorgang der produktiven Rezeption selbst betrachtet. Dabei erfahren die Schueler, dass mehrere konkurrierende Deutungen richtig sein koennen und gewinnen Kriterien zur Beurteilung verschiedener Interpretationen. (Sud)
Presence of salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli 0157 and nitrate-nitrite residue levels in Turkish traditional fermented meat products (sucuk and pastirma)
No full textBüyükünal, Serkan Kemal (Arel Author), Şakar, Fitnat Şule (Arel Author), Turhan, İlkay (Arel Author), Erginbaş, Çınar (Arel Author)Turkish sucuk and pastirma are traditional meat products commonly consumed in Turkey. These products are generally known as dryfermented meat products (FMP), fermented and ripened naturally. Curing is a preparation method for FMPs used for prolonging shelf life. As well as additives such as nitrate and nitrite are used to obtain the desired colour and flavour, also inhibit the mentioned bacteria. Despite the advantages of the curing agents, FMPs may pose a risk for human health via uncontrolled (out of limits) usage. The present study was conducted to investigate the incidence of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli 0157 and nitrate-nitrite contents in 132 sucuk and 66 pastirma samples collected from producers and retailers in Istanbul, Adapazari, Afyon and Kayseri. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were detected 2.52% and 2.02% in all samples, respectively. All samples were negative for £ coli 0157. The nitrate level of sucuk and pastirma samples were found was in the acceptable range. Only, 5 of sucuk samples exceeded the nitrite limit value. The results indicate that meat products may be contaminated with pathogens and nitrosamines can be present in meat products. Furthermore, the essential precautions should be taken to apply sanitation procedure and improve the quality of production technology
The influence of the women on Kafkas work. An introduction
No full textTeilw. zugl.: Bamberg, Univ., Zulassungsarb., 2006/07 u.d.T.: Kraiczi, Florian: Der Einfluss der Kafka-FrauenDiese Einführung beschäftigt sich mit den wichtigsten Partnerinnen Franz Kafkas und analysiert unter Zuhilfenahme biographischer Skizzen deren Einfluss auf sein literarisches Schaffen. Neben grundlegenden Informationen zu seinem Leben werden auch die bekanntesten und wichtigsten Werke Kafkas vorgestellt, analysiert und in Beziehung zum Einfluss der Frauen gesetzt, sowie der schwelende Konflikt zwischen seiner Arbeit, seinem Schreiben und seinen Beziehungen als Grundproblematik herausgearbeitet. „Der Einfluss der Frauen auf Kafkas Werk“ dient sowohl als Hilfestellung beim ersten Herantasten an Franz Kafka, als auch als Übersicht über seine wichtigsten Erzählungen und Romane. Mit dem chronologischen Abriss seiner Beziehungen und Werke fungiert diese Einführung damit als Grundlage für das weiterführende Studium. Über den Autor: Florian Kraiczi (geboren 1981 in Coburg) studierte Germanistik für das Lehramt an Hauptschulen an der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg und beginnt im September mit dem Referendariat. Grundlage dieses Buches war seine Zulassungsarbeit „Der Einfluss der Kafka-Frauen“, die er in den Jahren 2006 / 2007 am Lehrstuhl für Neuere deutsche Literaturwissenschaft in Bamberg unter der Betreuung von Prof. Dr. Heinz Gockel verfasste.This introduction is concerned with the most important female partners of Franz Kafka and analyses their influence on his literary working process by using biographical sketches. Among basic informations about his life, the most famous and important texts of Franz Kafka are presented, analysed and compared to his relationships with his partners. The latent conflict between his work, writing and relationships is being worked out as a basic problem. „Der Einfluss der Frauen auf Kafkas Werk“ serves both as help for the first approach to Franz Kafka, and as a summary of his most important stories and novels. With the chronological outline of his relationships and texts this book functions as a foundation for deeper studies. About the author: Florian Kraiczi (born 1981 in Coburg / Germany) studied German philology for teaching in secondary modern schools at the Otto-Friedrich-University in Bamberg and will begin as a trainee teacher in september. The basis of this book was his licence work „Der Einfluss der Kafka-Frauen“ witch he wrote in the years 2006 / 2007 under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Heinz Gockel, professor for newer German literature in Bamberg
- …
