806 research outputs found
F. Cristiani, F. Demartin, F. A. Devillanova, F. Isaia, V. Lippolis, G. Verani Spectroscopic studies of charge-transfer complexes of 1,4,7-trithiacyclononane with diiodine.
No full text1,4,7-Trithiacyclononane ([9]aneS3) reacts with molecular diiodine in CH2Cl2 to form a 1:1 adduct. The formation constant and the thermodynamic parameters of this adduct have been determined by UV-visible spectra of several solutions at the temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35-degrees-C. The C-13 NMR spectra show that adducts with higher ligand/diiodine molar ratios are formed. Two neutral charge-transfer molecular compounds having formula 2[9]aneS3 . 4I2 (I) and [9]aneS3 . 3I2 . (II) have been obtained as crystals. The crystals of I are triclinic (a = 8.498(2) angstrom, b = 13.984(4) angstrom, c = 14.898(6) angstrom, alpha = 65.57(2)degrees, beta = 89.19(2)degrees, gamma = 81.26(2)degrees, Z = 2, space group P1BAR; R = 0.025) and contain units formed by two [9]aneS3 molecules connected by a diiodine molecule; one [9]aneS3 binds two other diiodine molecules, while the second binds only one other diiodine molecule. The crystals of II are monoclinic (a = 13.810(2) angstrom, b = 9.829(4) angstrom, c = 16.198(6) angstrom, beta = 113.41(2)degrees, Z = 4, space group P2(1)/c; R = 0.019) and contain molecules of [9]aneS3 binding three diiodine molecules. FT-Raman spectra in the characteristic nu(I-I) region, carried out on the solid adducts, are discussed in comparison with the structural parameters
Nemesia hastensis Decae, Pantini & Isaia, 2015, n. sp.
No full textNemesia hastensis n. sp. (Figs 2, 3, 4 C, D, 6, 9, 10) Type material. ITALY: Piemonte: Holotype: nr. NHMB.174, 1(m), Province of Asti, loc. Montafia, 44.98 °N, 8.01 °E, alt. 210m, mixed deciduous forest, leg. Caprio, 1–15.X. 2007 (pt); MCSNB. Paratypes: ITALY: nr. NHMB.138, 1(f), Piemonte: Province of Asti, loc. Montafia, 44.98 °N, 8.17 °E, alt. 200 m, oak wood, leg. Caprio, Chiarle, Isaia, Pantini, Paschetta & Tomasinelli, 23.II. 2009; nr. NHMB. 153.13, 1 (m), loc. Tigliole, 44.89 °N, 8.08 °E, alt. 250m, Robinia wood, leg. Caprio, 113. X. 2007 (pt); nr. NHMB. 205 1 (f), loc. Canale, 44.80 °N, 7.99 °E, alt. 264m, mixed deciduous forest, leg. Chiarle, Franco, 30.X. 2011; nr. NHMB. 153.01, 1 (m), loc. Capriglio, 45.00°N, 8.01 °E, alt. 202 m, wood, leg. Caprio, 8.X. 2007 (pt); nr. NHMB. 153.07, 1 (m), loc. Montemagno, 44.98 °N, 8.32 °E, wood, leg. Caprio, 30.IX. 2007 (pt); nr. NHMB.201, 1(f), loc. Montafia, 44.98 °N, 8.01 °E, alt. 210 m, mixed deciduous forest, leg. Caprio, 8.X. 2007 (pt); nr. NHMB.157, 1(f), loc. Cassinelle, 44.60 °N, 8.56 °E, alt. 402 m, wood, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, 10.X. 2011. All deposited in MCSNB. Other material examined. ITALY: Piemonte: Province of Alessandria, Cassinelle, 44.60 °N, 8.56 °E, alt. 402 m, wood, Isaia, Paschetta leg. 1 (m) 1 (f), 10.X. 2011, rep. CI; Serralunga di Crea, 44.09 °N, 8.28 °E, alt. 186 m, wood, leg. Isaia M, Paschetta, 3 (m) 5 (f) 2 (j), 15.X. 2011, rep. CI. Province of Asti: Capriglio, 45.00°N, 8.01 °E, alt. 202 m, wood, leg. Caprio, 1 (m), 8.X. 2007 (pt), rep. CI; Dusino San Michele 44.91 °N, 7.98 °E, alt. 253m, wood, leg. Isaia, Paschetta & Franco, 1 (f), 28.XI. 2011, rep. NHMR; Montafia, 44.98 °N, 8.01 °E, alt. 210 m, mixed deciduous forest, leg. Caprio, 7 (m), 15 (f), 8.X. 2007 (pt), rep. CI; Province of Torino: Baldissero Torinese, 45.06 °N, 7.81 °E, alt. 267 m, wood, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, Giuliano, 1 (f), 30.X. 2011, rep. CI. Diagnosis (Fig. 6). Males differ from other species in the N. apenninica group by the twisting of the embolus which starts in the distal half of the segment, best seen in ventral view (Fig. 6 A), the abruptly narrowing embolus tip, the small tooth proximal of the tip of the embolus, best seen in dorsal and ventral (Fig. 6 A, B), the short, dorsally regularly curved embolus (Fig. 6 B), the downward curved narrow embolus tip, best seen in retrolateral view (Fig. 6 C), and the embolus not clearly separated from the central globular part, best seen in prolateral view (Fig. 6 D). The spermathecae are composed of two broad, centrally twisted receptacles, more compactly built and with a more globular distal part than in N. apenninica (Fig. 6 E). Description. Male holotype (Fig. 3 left). Measurements: BL= 13.6, CL= 4.7, CW= 3.6, Ca= 2.8, Pa= 5.8, L 1 = 12.7, L 2 = 11.9, L 3 = 11.7, L 4 =17.0. Similar to N. appenninica except as noted. Carapace: slightly more elongate. (CL/CW= 1.3, CL/Ca= 1.7). Color pattern indistinct (Fig. 4 D), fovea deep recurved crescent distally curved outwardly, central groove separated from crescent, clypeus, bristle pattern: thorax group less developed, pubescence cover absent, eyes compactly grouped on and around a steep process (l/w= 1.3), lateral eyes larger than median eyes, ALEs largest (ALE/PLE= 1.1), AER slightly shorter than PER (AER/PER= 0.9), distinct light patch between ALEs, POP not uniform black. Chelicerae: dorsal uniform brown, slightly darker than carapace but not strongly contrasting. Maxillae: (l/w= 1.6), warmer and darker brown than ventral leg coxae, few spiky cuspules along anterior proximal edge. Sternum: (l/w= 1.3) light brown. Palp-organ: see Fig. 6 AD. Abdomen: more uniform colored. Female paratype (Fig. 3 right). Measurements: BL= 17.7, CL= 5.3, CW= 4.1, Ca= 3.2, Pa= 7.7, L 1 = 11.1, L 2 = 10.2, L 3 = 9.7, L 4 = 15.2. Similar to N. appenninica except as noted. Carapace: shape slightly more elongate (CL/CW= 1.3, CL/Ca= 1.6). Color pattern (Fig. 4 C) with vague mottle pattern in darker zones. Eyes: grouped somewhat more compact (l/w= 1.3), lateral eyes are larger than median eyes, POP unbroken between lateral and median eyes, PLE largest (ALE/PLE= 0.9), AER slightly shorter than PER (AER/PER= 0.98). Chelicerae: less colored. Maxillae: (l/w=1,7): cuspules more spiky. Legs and Palps: with distinctly darker colored distal segments. Abdomen: light and dark blotches in dorsal pattern less contrasting. Spinnerets: darker colored than ventral abdomen. Spermathecae (Fig. 6 E): general three-partite composition and distribution of glandular tissue. Variation in type sample. Males (n= 4): BL= 12.7–14.1, CL= 4.7–5.1, Pa= 5.8–6.1, L 1 = 12.7–13.5, L 2 = 11.9– 13.1, L 3 = 11.7–12.6, L 4 =17.0– 17.9. Ratio ranges CL/CW= 1.2–1.3, CL/Ca= 1.6–1.8, Eye-group l/w= 1.5–1.8, ALE/ PLE= 1.1–1.3, AER/PER=1.0. Females (n= 4): BL= 17.5–23.8, CL= 5. 7. 3, Pa= 7.7–10.7, L 1 = 10.6–16.1, L 2 =10.0– 14.1, L 3 = 9.5–13.9, L 4 = 14.9–20.9. Ratio ranges CL/CW= 1.2–1.3, CL/Ca= 1.5–1.6, Eye-group l/w= 1.3–1.6, ALE/PLE= 0.8–1.5, AER/ PER=1.0. Etymology. The species name is an adjective referring to “ Hasta ”, the ancient name of the city of Asti in classical Roman spelling.Published as part of Decae, Arthur, Pantini, Paolo & Isaia, Marco, 2015, A new species-complex within the trapdoor spider genus Nemesia Audouin 1826 distributed in northern and central Italy, with descriptions of three new species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae), pp. 525-540 in Zootaxa 4059 (3) on pages 532-533, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/24243
Hygropetric and litter-inhabiting spiders (Araneae) from the Abruzzo Apennines (Central Italy)
No full textWe present the results of a study of spider material extracted by means of Berlese apparatus from wet mosses and by litter sieving in broadleaf woods within several natural reserves of the Abruzzo region (Central Italy). The main aim of the work is to contribute to the knowledge of the spider fauna of the Apennines; currently one of the lesser known in Italy. In total, 520 spiders, belonging to 49 species and 14 families were collected. The most abundant and diverse family was Linyphiidae, with 278 individuals belonging to 22 species. Altogether we provide 28 new records for the Abruzzo region, including two species of Theridiidae, twenty of Linyphiidae, four of Hahniidae and two of Thomisidae. We also present additional unpublished records of several rare, litter-inhabiting species collected by litter sieving in the same area. Data on habitat preferences and details on the Italian distribution of the rarest species are presented
Nemesia pedemontana Decae, Pantini & Isaia, 2015, n. sp.
No full text<i>Nemesia pedemontana</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs 4 E, F, 7)</p> <p> <b>Type material. ITALY: Piemonte</b> Holotype: nr. NHMB.164, 1(m): Province of Torino, loc. Maglione, 45.34°N, 8.00°E, alt. 314m, mixed deciduous forest, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, 15.X. 2011, rep. MCSNB.</p> <p> Paratypes: <b>ITALY: Piemonte:</b> nr. NHMB.165, 1(f), loc. as holotype, rep. MCSNB; nr. NMHB.162, 1(m); nr. NHMB.198, 1(f), loc. Torino, Venaria Reale, Parco Regionale La Mandria, 45.13°N, 7.63°E, alt. 261m, escarpment in oak wood, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, 30.IX.2011; nr. NHMB.204, 1(f), loc. Canale, 44.83°N, 8.00°E, alt. 264m, leg. Chiarle, Franco, 30.X.2011; nr. NHMB.202 1(f), loc. Montafia, 45.02°N, 8.03°E, alt. 314m, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, 28.XI.2011. All deposited at MCSNB.</p> <p> <b>Other material examined. Piemonte:</b> Province of Alessandria, Cartosio, 44.59°N, 8.41°E, alt. 293m, leg. Isaia and Paschetta, 4(f), 10.X.2011, rep. CI; Cassinelle, 44.60°N, 8.56°E, alt. 402m, woodland, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, 1(f) 10.X.2011, rep. MCSNB. Province of Asti, Montafia, 45.02°N, 8.03°E, alt. 314m, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, 2(f), 28.XI.2011, rep. CI. Province of Cuneo, Canale, 44.83°N, 8.00°E, alt. 264m, leg. Chiarle, Franco, 3(f), 30.X.2011, rep. CI; Canale, SCI Oasi di San Nicolao, 44.83°N, 7.99°E, alt. 296m, leg. Chiarle, 2(f), 30.X.2011, rep. CI; Cortemilia, 44.61°N, 8.19°E, alt. 293m, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, 2(f), 10.X.2011, rep. CI; Roccaforte di Mondovi, 44.31°N, 7.75°E, alt. 525m, leg. Isaia, Mammola, Paschetta, 2(f), 19.VII.2012, rep. CI. Province of Torino, loc. Maglione, 45.34°N, 8.00°E, alt. 314m, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, 1(m), 6(f), 15.X.2011, rep. CI; Parco della Collina di Superga, 45.07°N, 7.76°E, alt. 497m, mixed broadleaf woodland, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, Giuliano, 3(f), 2.XI.2011, rep. CI; Parco della Rimembranza, 45.01°N, 7.71°E, alt. 560m, woodland, leg. Isaia, Rizzioli, Pantini, Chiarle, 8(f), 23.VI.2011, rep. CI & MCSNB; loc. Venaria Reale, Parco Regionale La Mandria, 45.10°N, 7.61°E, alt. 300m, woodland, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, 2(m)7(f), 26.X.2011, rep. CI. Province of Vercelli, Trino Vercellese, Parco Naturale Regionale del Bosco delle Sorti della Partecipanza, 45.22°N, 8.25°E, alt. 150m, broad leaved wood, leg. Isaia, Paschetta, 4(m)18(f)3(j), 15.X.2011, rep. CI.</p> <p> <b>Emilia-Romagna:</b> Province of Bologna, Imola, Riserva Naturale Bosco della Frattona, alt. 100m, 44.35°N, 11.66°E, woodland, leg. Fabbri, 1(m), 10.VIII–9.IX.2000, 4(m) 4(j), 9.IX–13.X.2000 (pt), rep. MCSNB. Province of Forli-Cesena, Bagno di Romagna, Parco Nazionale Foreste Casentinesi, Seghettina, alt. 570m, 43.85°N, 11.82°E, leg. Scaravelli & Bertozzi, 1(m), IX.1997 (pt), rep. MCSNB; Meldola, Riserva Naturale Bosco di Scardavilla, alt. 80–120m, 44.14°N, 12.04°E, woodland, leg. Fabbri, 2(f), 15.IV–12.V.1998, 1(m), 20.VIII– 16.IX.1998 (pt), rep. MCSNB; Premilcuore, Parco Nazionale Foreste Casentinesi, alt. 730m, 43.93°N, 11.78°E, meadow, leg. Scaravelli & Bertozzi, 3(m), 3.IX.1997 (pt), rep. MCSNB; Santa Sofia, Parco Nazionale Foreste Casentinesi, 43.89°N, 11.72°E, leg. Bertozzi, 1(f), 5.VIII.1997, 2(m), 26.IX.1997, (pt), rep. MCSNB; S.Paolo in Alpe, alt. 1020m, 43.87°N, 11.79°E, leg. Bertozzi, 1(f), 5.VIII.1997, leg. Scaravelli & Bertozzi, 2(m)1(j), 26.IX.1997 (pt), rep. MCSNB. Province of Rimini, Gemmano, Riserva Naturale Orienta di Onferno, alt. 280– 530m, 43.86°N, 12.54°E, 1(m), 24.VIII–29.IX.2000, leg. Fabbri, 8(m), 29.IX–3XI.2000, leg. Fabbri, 20(m), 21X– 22.XI.2002, leg. Bertozzi and Fabbri, 2(m), 22.XI–24.XII.2002 (pt), rep. MCSNB.</p> <p> <b>Umbria</b>: Province of Perugia, Nocera Umbra, Colle Aprico, alt. 700m, 43.11°N, 12.78°E, leg. Buttarelli, Ghilardi, Pantini, Valle, 4(m)2(j), VI–XII.1991, (pt), rep. MCSNB; San Giustino, sopra Lama, alt. 400m, 43.55°N, 12.71°E, leg. Pantini, Valle, 1(m), IX.1992 – VI.1993 (pt), rep. MCSNB.</p> <p> <b>Marche:</b> Province of Ascoli Piceno, Montemonaco, Isola San Biagio, alt. 990m, 42.90°N, 13.30°E, leg. Rismondo & Fabbri, 13(m), 27.VII–1IX.2004 (pt), rep. MCSNB; Macerata, Fiuminata, alt. 600m, 43.13°N, 12.84°E, leg. Pantini & Valle, 1(m), IX.1992 – VI.1993 (pt), rep. MCSNB.</p> <p> <b>Abruzzo:</b> Province of L’Aquila, Barisciano, Gran Sasso, San Colombo alt. 1100m, 42.33°N, 13.59°E, oak wood, leg. Marotta & Zuppa, 1(m), 5.III.2003 (pt) rep. MCSNB. Province of Teramo, Isola del Gran Sasso d’Italia, alt. 900m, 42.47°N, 13.68°E, woods leg. Marotta, 2(m)1(j), 7.X.2003, leg. Marotta and Metin, 3(m), 26.X.2002 (pt) rep. MCSNB; Monti dela Laga, Valle Casellana, alt. 800m, 42.74°N, 13.53°E, woods, leg. Marotta, 1(f), 11.VII.2003 (pt), rep. NHMR.</p> <p> <b>Molise:</b> Province of Campobasso, Casacalenda, alt. 630–760m, 41.73°N, 14.85°E, leg. Battista, 5(m) 1– 28.IX.2005, 22(m), 28.IX–15.X.2005, 77(m) 15–30.X.2005, 5(m), 30.X–15.XI.2005 (pt), rep. CT and MCSNB.</p> <p> <b>Toscana:</b> Province of Firenze, Marradi, Pont Valle, alt. 500m, 44.08°N, 11.60°E, leg. Usvelli,1(f), 27.IX.2002, rep. NHMR. Province of Siena, Colle di Val d’Elsa, alt. 350m, 43.46°N, 10.99°E, leg. Decae, 1(f), 27.IX.2002, rep. NHMR.</p> <p> <b>San Marino:</b> Castello della Città di San Marino, Mulini fosso di Canepa, alt. 300m, 43.93°N, 12.47°E, woodland, leg. Casali, 4(m), X.2001, leg. Fabbri, 1(f), 28.IV–25.V.2010 (pt), rep. MCSNB.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis (Fig. 7).</b> Males differ from those of other species in the <i>N. apenninica</i> group by the long, slender lightly sigmoid curved embolus (Fig. 7 A), its dorsally regular curve (Fig. 7 B), its gradually narrowing tip and the sharp origin of the embolus, best seen in prolateral view (Fig. 7 D). Spermathecae composed of two slender, proximally diverging, centrally twisted receptacles. Proximal part widest. Distal part distinctly bipartite with proximal tube and distally lightly inflated dead end (Fig. 7 E).</p> <p> <b>Description</b>. Male holotype. Measurements: BL=11.8, CL=4.3, CW=3.4, Ca=2.5, Pa=5.3, L1=11.7, L2=10.3, L3=9.3, L4=13.7. Similar to <i>N. appenninica</i> except as noted. <i>Carapace</i>: slightly more elongate (CL/CW=1.3, CL/ Ca=1.7), color more pronounced than in <i>N. hastensis</i>, and darker, with strongly contrasting dark and lighter zones, dark parts distinctly mottled, CZ wedge shaped, warm brown, wide and truncated behind eyes and gradually narrowing towards fovea (Fig. 4 F), thoracic part with distinct central grey leaf-pattern with peripheral yellow zones, fovea somewhat irregular shaped, central groove small, clypeus, darker than in previous two species, bristles less developed than in previous two species, absent along carapace edges, pubescence fine silver grey. <i>Eyes</i>: compactly grouped on and around a steep, anteriorly light colored, process (l/w=1.3), lateral eyes larger than median eyes, ALE largest (ALE/PLE=1.2), AER slightly shorter than PER (AER/PER=0.96), light patch between ALE, POP not uniform black. <i>Chelicerae</i>: dorsal dark greenish black with lighter colored glabrous zones, distribution of bristles and structure of rastellum as in previous two species. <i>Maxillae</i>: (l/w=1.8), ventrally grayish brown further as <i>N. hastensis</i>. <i>Labium</i>: (l/w=0.6), darker than maxillae contrasting with other ventral parts, further as in previous two species. <i>Sternum</i>: (l/w=1.3) bright yellow with distinct dark edge, sigilla less visible than in <i>N. hastensis. Legs</i>: color pattern distinct from previous two species with dorsally dark colored femora and more conspicuous glabrous, longitudinal zones on patellae, segments laterally and ventrally much lighter with glabrous longitudinal zones on femora, spine patterns, pubescence, scopulae, claspers and claws as in <i>N. hastensis. Palps</i>: color and bristle pattern as legs, tibia (l/w=1.9) slightly curved upward and less inflated than in <i>N. hastensis</i>. <i>Palporgan</i>: see Fig. 7 A, D. <i>Abdomen</i>: distinctly darker and more intensely colored ventrally gray otherwise similar previous two species. <i>Spinnerets</i>: darker and more intensely colored than in <i>N. hastensis,</i> otherwise similar.</p> <p> Female paratype. Measurements: BL=17.5, CL=5.8, CW=4.3, Ca 3.5, Pa=8.5, L1=12.8, L2=11.5, L3=10.7, L4=17.1. Similar to <i>N. appenninica</i> except as noted. <i>Carapace</i>: shape as in <i>N. hastensis</i> (CL/CW=1.3, CL/Ca=1.6), color generally darker than in females of previous two species (Fig. 4 E) with dark parts more distinctly mottled than in <i>N. hastensis</i>, CZ caudally more sharply tapering than in both previously described species, fovea, bristles and pubescence as in previous two species. <i>Eyes</i>: as in <i>N. hastensis</i> (l/w=1.2), laterals larger than medians, POP connecting all eyes, ALE largest (ALE/PLE=1.3), AER slightly longer than PER (AER/PER=1.02). <i>Maxillae</i>: (l/ w=1, 9). <i>Labium</i>: (l/w=0.5). <i>Sternum</i>: (l/w=1.3). <i>Abdomen</i>: with large dorsal central light colored patch. <i>Spinnerets</i>: similar in color to ventral abdomen. <i>Spermathecae</i> (Fig. 7 E): general three-partite composition and distribution of glandular tissue.</p> <p> <b>Variation in type sample.</b> Males (n=2): BL=11.8–13.2, CL=4.3–4.9, Pa=5.3–6.5, L1=11.7–13.5, L2=10.3– 12.4, L3=9.3–11.1, L4=13.7–16.0. Ratio ranges CL/CW=1.2–1.3, CL/Ca=1.6–1.8, Eye-group l/w=1.3, ALE/ PLE=1.2, AER/PER=1.0.</p> <p>Females (n=4): BL=17.5–23.2, CL=5.8–6.9, Pa=8.5–10.6, L1=12.8–15.0, L2=11.5–13.8, L3=10.7–12.9, L4=17.1–19.5. Ratio ranges CL/CW=1.2–1.3, CL/Ca=1.6, Eye-group l/w=1.2–1.3, ALE/PLE=0.9–1.3, AER/ PER=1.0.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name is derived from the Latin adjective <i>pedemontanum</i> (at the foot of the mountains), from which the region of Piemonte takes its name, and where the type series was collected.</p>Published as part of <i>Decae, Arthur, Pantini, Paolo & Isaia, Marco, 2015, A new species-complex within the trapdoor spider genus Nemesia Audouin 1826 distributed in northern and central Italy, with descriptions of three new species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Nemesiidae), pp. 525-540 in Zootaxa 4059 (3)</i> on pages 534-536, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4059.3.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/242430">http://zenodo.org/record/242430</a>
Ummidia ferghanensis Decae & Mammola & Rizzo & Isaia 2019, n. comb.
No full textUmmidia ferghanensis (Kroneberg 1875) n. comb. Cteniza ferghanensis Kroneberg, 1875: 27, pl. 3, f. 18 (Dj). Sterrhochrotus ferghanensis Simon, 1892: 97. The original description of C. ferghanensis (Kroneberg, 1875) contains illustrations of the eye-formation, lateral carapace, rastellum and spine-group on the distal female palp segments (Kroneberg 1875: figs. 18a–e). All these illustrations clearly indicate that Kroneberg’s species is a member of the Ummidinae (sensu Raven 1985) rather than Cteniza. We therefore transfer C. ferghanensis to the genus Ummidia. This transfer gains support from the origin of Kroneberg’s specimen from Central Asia, a region from where Ummidia is reportedly known to occur (Zonstein 2007).Published as part of Decae, Arthur, Mammola, Stefano, Rizzo, Pierluigi & Isaia, Marco, 2019, Systematics, ecology and distribution of the mygalomorph spider genus Cteniza Latreille, 1829 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), pp. 499-524 in Zootaxa 4550 (4) on page 519, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4550.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/262557
Ahmed Hussein, F. A. Devillanova, F. Isaia, G. Verani Copper(I) complexes with N-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione and -2-selone. Transit. Metal Chem., 1985, 10, 368.
No full textN-methylbenzothiazole-2-thione (bttme) and -2-selone (btseme) form complexes with CuX 2 (X=Cl, Br, NO 3, 1/2SO 4 or BF 4). The reaction, carried out in MeOH, produces complexes of copper(I), whose stoichiometry mainly depends on the ligand. Infrared evidence shows that the coordination occurs through the exo-sulphur and selenium atoms
Troglohyphantes vignai Brignoli 1971
No full textTroglohyphantes vignai Brignoli, 1971 Figures 15–18 Troglohyphantes vignai Brignoli, 1971: Brignoli, 1971 d: 170, f. 52–58., Pesarini, 2001 b: 116; Isaia et al. (2010). Troglohyphantes rupicapra Brignoli, 1971: Brignoli, 1971 d: 172, f. 59–60; Brignoli, 1979 l: 321, f. 13–14; Pesarini, 1988 c: 238, f. 3. Material examined. Italy, Piemonte, Province of Cuneo: Garessio, Voragine della Ciuaiera cave (146 Pi/CN), 09/09/ 2001, 1 ɗ, 2 Ψ, S. Bugalla, M. Chiamenti and T. Pascutto legerunt (CI); 12 / 10 / 2008, 3 ɗ, 4 Ψ, E. Lana legit (CI); Casteldelfino, Pertus dal Drai cave (1017 Pi/CN), 25 /08/ 2001, 1 ɗ, 6 Ψ, E. Lana legit (CI); Sampeyre, Buco del Nebin 1 cave (1158 Pi/CN), 17 / 11 / 2008, 1 Ψ, E. Lana legit (CI); Briga Alta, Abisso Vento (3500 Pi/CN), 30 /06/ 2001, 1 ɗ, 1 Ψ, S. Bugalla and T. Pascutto legerunt (CI); Province of Torino, Roure, Val Chisone, Tana del Diavolo cave (1591 Pi/TO), 11 / 11 / 2006, 3 ɗ, M. Isaia legit (CI); Perrero, Tuna dal Diau cave (1621 Pi/TO), 23 / 10 / 2006, 1 ɗ, M. Isaia and E. Lana legerunt (CI). Note. Specimens collected in the caves of the high Pesio Valley, including type locality of T. rupicapra Brignoli, 1971 (= T. vignai Brignoli, 1971 after Pesarini, 2001), exhibit higher degree of troglomorphism (higher depigmentation, reduction of PLE and PME, lowering of the profile of cephalothorax; Figures 15–18) in respect to the northern populations of the same species. Deeleman-Reinhnold (1978) underlines that the troglomorphism in Troglohyphantes species (i.e. loss of pigmentation, reduction of the eyes apparatus, thinning of the integuments, richer spinulation) is directly related to regressive evolutionary phenomena. The same author also points out that the degree of eye reduction within the same population is “astonishingly uniform” and that “the reduction of the optical apparatus keeps pace with the rise of isolating mechanism” (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978). Accordingly, we assume an incipient phenomenon of speciation for these populations, previously considered by Brignoli (1971) as separate species.Published as part of Isaia, Marco & Pantini, Paolo, 2010, New data on the spider genus Troglohyphantes (Araneae, Linyphiidae) in the Italian Alps, with the description of a new species and a new synonymy, pp. 1-18 in Zootaxa 2690 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19953
Histopona fioni Bolzern, Pantini & Isaia, 2013, sp. n.
No full textHistopona fioni sp. n. Figures 3 –6, 9–11, 15–16, 23–24, 28. H. italica Hänggi 1990: 163, f. 21 a (m misidentified). H. italica Trotta 2005: 160, f. 193 (m misidentified). Type material. Holotype male: SWITZERLAND: Tessin: Bustorgna, Mte. S. Giorgio, 950 m, UTMED 50 32 T 496358 5083796 (lon. 8.9530 ° lat. 45.9077 °), 3, 18/IX– 3 /X/ 1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 0 2488 a; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica). Paratypes: SWITZERLAND: Tessin: Bustorgna, Mte. S. Giorgio, 950 m, UTMED 50 32 T 496358 5083796 (lon. 8.9530 ° lat. 45.9077 °), 33, 18/IX– 3 /X/ 1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 20673; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica); Paruscera, Mte. S. Giorgio, 1025 m, UTMED 50 32 T 496391 5083968 (lon. 8.9534 ° lat. 45.9092 °), 13, 28/IX/ 1988, Hänggi A. (NMB: 0 2488 c; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica); Mte. Generoso, Pree, 1030 m, UTMED 50 32 T 500869 5082904 (lon. 9.0112 ° lat. 45.8997 °), 23, 5/IX/ 1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 0 2488 b; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica); V. di Scareglia, 13, 12/X/ 2005, Vicentini (NMB: 0 2488 e). ITALY: Trentino-Alto Adige: Trento: Arco, Monte Biaina, Western slope, locality Gorghi, 1200 m, 2 Ƥ 13 /VII/ 1998, Vailati D.; Concei, Val Concei, Gaverdina, 1500 m, 13 4 /X/ 1986, Vailati D.; Condino, Monte Stigolo, 1550 m, 2 Ƥ 12 /XI/ 1997, Vailati D.; Rovereto, Cengio Rosso, 450 m, 1 Ƥ 21 /XI/ 1992, Vailati D.; Storo, Val d’Ampola, 650 m, 1 Ƥ 5 /V/ 1993, Vailati D. Lombardia: Bergamo: Ardesio, Valcanale, locality Braghina, 830 m, 1 Ƥ 14 /IV– 18 /V/ 2010, Zucchelli W.; Averara, Alpe Cul, UTMED 50 32 T 548073 5099121 (lon. 9.6213 ° lat. 46.0439 °), 1990 m, alpine pasture, 23 13 /VIII– 26 /IX/2002, 1Ƥ 23 /V– 20 /VII/2003, 1Ƥ 20 /VII– 23 /VIII/2003, 1Ƥ 19 /X/ 2003 – 5 /VI/ 2004, Lodovici O., Pantini P. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Camerata Cornello, Monte Cancervo, 1800 m, UTMED 50 32 T 547801 5084927 (lon. 9.6163 ° lat. 45.9162 °), rocky area, 13 23 /VII– 27 /VIII/2010, 13 27 /VIII– 7 /X/ 2010, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Camerata Cornello, Monte Venturosa, 1850 m, UTMED 50 32 T 547816 5085990 (lon. 9.6166 ° lat. 45.9258 °), rocky area, 23 10 /VIII– 9 /IX/2009, 13 23 /VII– 27 /VIII/ 2010, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Camerata Cornello, Monte Venturosa, 1950 m, UTMED 50 32 T 547727 5086239 (lon. 9.6155 ° lat. 45.9280 °), pasture, 33 23 /VII– 27 /VIII/2010, 13 27 / VIII– 27 /X/ 2010, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Camerata Cornello, Buffalora, 1100 m, UTMED 50 32 T 549373 5084292 (lon. 9.6366 ° lat. 45.9104 °), beech wood 1 Ƥ 15 /VII– 10 /VIII/ 2009, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Camerata Cornello, Buffalora, UTMED 50 32 T 549133 5084660 (lon. 9.6335 ° lat. 45.9137 °), 1150 m, bushy area in beech wood, 33 4 /VI– 14 /VII/2009, 13 10 /VIII– 9 /IX/ 2009, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Colzate, Baite Sedernello, 1200 m, 1 Ƥ 17 /VII/ 1988, Ravazzi C., Valle M. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica), 13 2 /VIII/ 2001, Ferrario E., Pantini P., Pellizzoli E., Valle M.; Monasterolo del Castello, Val Torrezzo, 600 m, UTMED 50 32 T 573220 5067560 (lon. 9.9415 ° lat. 45.7577 °), wood, 1 Ƥ 6 /VII– 3 /VIII/1995, 13 19 /IX– 26 /X/1995, 1Ƥ 9 /V– 19 /VI/ 1996, Pantini P., Valle M. (Pantini 2000 sub H. italica); Oneta, slopes of Monte Alben, 2 Ƥ 13 /VI/ 1990 Valle M. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Parzanica, Valle dei Foppi, wood, 550 m, UTMED 50 32 T 580465 5064643 (lon. 10.0341 ° lat. 45.7306 °), 23 10 /VIII– 19 /IX/1995, 2 Ƥ 9 / 5–19 /VI/ 1996, Pantini P., Valle M. (Pantini 2000 sub H. italica); Premolo, in doline, South of B. ta Camplano, 1850 m, UTMED 50 32 T 563994 5085216 (lon. 9.8252 ° lat. 45.9175 °), 13 22 / VII– 1 /X/ 2003 (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Premolo, 1850 m, UTMED 50 32 T 563999 5083688 (lon. 9.8250 ° lat. 45.9037 °), rocky area, 13 19 /VI– 22 /VII/2003, 1Ƥ 1 /X/ 2003 – 7 /VII/2004, 13 4 /VIII– 29 /IX/2004, 1Ƥ 21 /VI– 21 / VII/ 2005 (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Schilpario, road to Passo Campelli, 1750 m, UTMED 50 32 T 596371 5097461 (lon. 10.2451 ° lat. 46.0239 °), moraine 1 Ƥ 6 /VI– 26 /VI/ 2007; Serina, Valpiana, 13 IV–V/1988, 13 1988, Becci B., Pisoni R. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Valgoglio, Val Sanguigno, 1000 m, UTMED 50 32 T 569394 5091553 (lon. 9.8957 ° lat. 45.9740 °), beech and fir mixed wood 13, 2Ƥ 11 /VI– 15 /VII/ 2009 (MSNVR), 43 15 / VII– 11 /VIII/2009, 43 11 /VIII– 15 /IX/2009, 23 6 /VII– 7 /VIII/2010, 43 7 /VIII– 15 /IX/ 2010, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Vigolo, Ronchi della Bratta, 850 m, UTMED 50 32 T 577754 5065587 (lon. 9.9994 ° lat. 45.7394 °), spruce wood, 1 Ƥ 18 /VII– 10 /VIII/1995, 83 10 /VIII– 19 /IX/1995, 33, 1 Ƥ 19 /IX– 26 /X/1995, 3Ƥ 26 /X/ 1995 – 20 /II/1996, 23, 7 Ƥ 20 /II– 2 /IV/1996, 73, 3 Ƥ 9 /V– 19 /VI/1996, 2Ƥ 19 /VI– 8 /VIII/ 1996, Pantini P., Valle M. (Pantini 2000 sub H. italica); Lecco: Casargo, Val Marcia, 1000 m, UTMED 50 32 T 532680 5098368 (lon. 9.4223 ° lat. 46.0381 °), wood, 83 25 /VI– 11 /IX/ 2008 Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Casargo, Val Foppone, 1600–1750 m, UTMED 50 32 T 534471 5097454 (lon. 9.4454 ° lat. 46.0297 °), alpine pasture, 13, 1Ƥ 25 /VI– 11 /IX/2008, 13 13 /VIII– 14 /IX/ 2009, Massaro M., Zucchelli W.; Pagnona, road to Alpe Vesina, 1400–1430 m, UTMED 50 32 T 530507 5102093 (lon. 9.3944 ° lat. 46.0717 °), beech wood, 1 Ƥ 26 /III– 1 /V/1999, 23, 1 Ƥ 1 /V– 9 /VI/1999, 3Ƥ 9 /VI– 6 /VII/1999, 13, 2 Ƥ 6 / VII– 11 /VIII/1999, 13 11 /VIII– 8 /IX/ 1999, Pantini P. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica); Vendrogno, Mornico, 970 m, UTMED 50 32 T 526902 5098292 (lon. 9.3476 ° lat. 46.0376 °), chestnut wood, 2 Ƥ 14 /IV– 13 /V/1999, 13 13 /V– 9 / VI/1999, 1Ƥ 9 /VI– 6 /VII/1999, 13, 2 Ƥ 6 /VII– 11 /VIII/ 1999, Pantini P. (Isaia et al 2007 sub H. italica). Other material examined. SWITZERLAND: Tessin: Bustorgna, Mte. S. Giorgio, 950 m, UTMED 50 32 T 496358 5083796 (lon. 8.9530 ° lat. 45.9077 °), 33, 5– 18 /IX/1989, 3– 30 /X/ 1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 20674-20675; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica); Forello, Mte. S. Giorgio, 1095 m, UTMED 50 32 T 495925 5084377 (lon. 8.9474 ° lat. 45.9129 °), 13, 05– 18 /IX/ 1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 20679; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica); Mte. Generoso, Pree, 1030 m, UTMED 50 32 T 500869 5082904 (lon. 9.0112 ° lat. 45.8997 °), 33, 30/VII– 12 /VIII/1988, 25/VIII– 5 /IX / 1989,18/IX– 7 /X/ 1989, Hänggi A. (NMB: 20676-20678; Hänggi 1992 sub H. italica), ITALY: Lombardia: Bergamo: Entratico, I Moi, 13 (paratype of Histopona italica, misidentification), 5 /IV/ 1957, Bonino. Etymology. The species is dedicated to Fion Bolzern, firstborn of AB. The species epithet is a name in apposition. Diagnosis. Males (Figures 3 –6, 15) can be separated by the absence of a patellar apophysis (present in torpida - group, except H. vignai Brignoli 1980), the distally tube-like elongated radix (absent in myops - and strinatii -group, plate-like and distally bifid in H. italica) and the distally strongly elongated conductor (broadly rounded in H. italica). Females (Figures 23 –24, 28) can be separated from other Histopona species by the glossy median indented posterior epigynal sclerite (much longer and with anterior margin only moderately indented in torpida -group) with strongly diverging margin (parallel in H. italica), the unpaired “bursa copulatrix” (completely paired copulatory ducts in myops - and strinatii -group) with anterior margin v-shaped (straight or convex in H. italica) and the narrow lateral lobes of the copulatory ducts (broad in H. italica). See also Table 1. Description. Measurements and ratios of male (n= 2, holotype male and paratype male from Pagnona): carapace 2.93–3.27 long, 2.20–2.42 wide. Head region 1.17–1.29 wide; PER 0.61–0.78 wide. Chelicerae 1.35–1.44 long, 0.54–0.58 wide. Labium as long as wide or moderately wider than long. Gnathocoxa ratio width to length: 0.510–0.571. Sternum 1.54–1.73 long, 1.27–1.46 wide. Opisthosoma 2.96–3.75 long, 1.85–2.15 wide. Ratio bulb length (laterally from cymbium base to conductor tip) to cymbium length: 0.79–0.80. Leg measurements are given in Table 2. Measurements of females (n= 2, paratypes from Pagnona and Rovereto): carapace 3.03–3.33 long, 1.95–2.24 wide. Head region 1.22–1.33 wide; PER 0.59–0.75 wide. Chelicerae 1.54 long, 0.68–0.69 wide. Labium moderately wider than long. Gnathocoxa ratio width to length: 0.62–0.64. Sternum 1.57–1.69 long, 1.25–1.40 wide. Opisthosoma 3.50–3.73 long, 2.27–2.42 wide. Epigynal plate 0.98–1.04 long, 1.04–1.10 wide; atrium 0.24– 0.26 long, 0.89–0.98 wide. Receptaculum 0.19 wide. Leg measurements are given in Table 2. Eyes: in dorsal view both eye rows straight or slightly recurved; in frontal view AER straight and PER procurved (Figures 9–10). Diameters: PME: 0.105–0.124; PLE: 0.105–0.143; AME: 0.060–0.086; ALE: 0.110– 0.124. Distances: PME–PME equal diameter of PME; PME–AME less than diameter of PME; PME–PLE less than diameter of PME; PME–ALE equal diameter of PME or slightly less; AME–AME 0.5 –1.0 times diameter of AME; AME–ALE about half diameter of AME. Clypeus height (measured under AME) about 2.5–3.5 times diameters of AME; clypeus height (measured under ALE) about 1.5–2 times diameters of ALE. Coloration: carapace with indistinct pattern only or not darkened. Sternum without coloration pattern. Opisthosoma dark grey green; cardiac mark moderately pronounced; posteriorly without pattern. Legs without colour pattern. Additional somatic characters: distal margin of labium concave. Plumose hairs present on carapace, legs and opisthosoma. Three promarginal teeth, the second one from proximal biggest; 5–6 retromarginal teeth, all equal in size (Figure 11). All trochanters notched. Tarsi I, II and IV with 7–8 dorsal trichobothria and 6–7 on tarsus III. No trichobothria on palp tarsi or cymbium. Colulus moderately divided into two separated plates, sometimes only recognizable as two hairy regions. PLS longer than all others with distal segment as long as or slightly longer than basal segment, both pale. PMS as long as ALS. ALS pale. The formulae of leg spination are listed in Table 3. Male palp (Figures 3 –6, 15– 16): RTA with a large dorsal branch, distally pointed, strongly sclerotized and moderately stepped; lateral branch forming moderately sclerotized finger-shaped appendix; ventral branch forming bulge-like moderately ventrodistally protruding stepped appendix. Tegulum broad ring-shaped, distally dividing into a filiform embolus and a tube-like apophysis (radix), proximal with a moderately serrated margin. Embolus originating (free apex) between 10 and 12 o'clock position; distal tip between 3 and 4 o’clock position. Conductor lamella-like, distally strongly elongated, laterally folded along the whole length; longer than alveolus, distally reaching over alveolus margin; terminal end forming moderately sclerotized peak. Connection of conductor and tegulum membranous, band-like. Median apophysis and tegular apophysis absent. Epigynum and vulva (Figures 23 –24, 28): rectangular epigynal plate sclerotized, often with a distinct v-shaped pattern of paler cuticula, posterior with distinct atrium region; atrium anteriorly limited by weakly sclerotized, almost straight margin of the epigynal plate; atrium posteriorly limited by a glossy sclerite (“epigynal valve”), median deeply indented with strongly diverging margins; between anterior margin and posterior sclerite atrium covered by membranous white cuticula. Copulatory openings located at anteriolateral border of atrium. Copulatory duct first unpaired (“bursa copulatrix”), anteriorly v-shaped, then dividing into paired narrow lateral lobes directing into strongly sclerotized convoluted receptacula; fertilization ducts very short. Distribution. Italy and Switzerland. Lombardian Prealps, from Lago Maggiore to Lago di Garda. Ecology. Records of H. fioni sp. n. refer to forest and open habitats such as beech or fir woods and alpine pastures at moderately high elevation, from 800 to 1600 m. The species also occur in rocky areas at an elevation of 1800–2000 m. Adults are found preferably from spring to autumn.Published as part of Bolzern, Angelo, Pantini, Paolo & Isaia, Marco, 2013, Revision of the Histopona italica group (Araneae: Agelenidae), with the description of two new species, pp. 23-41 in Zootaxa 3640 (1) on pages 28-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3640.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/28364
Arthropod colonization of a debris-covered glacier
No full textThe largest debris-covered glacier in the Alps (Miage Glacier, western Italian Alps) has been studied to explore the effects of debris-cover extent and depth on the spatial distribution of ground-dwelling arthropods. A multitaxa approach has been used to compare taxa richness and distribution to the functional role (dietary habits) of each taxon along the glacier tongue. Spiders and ground beetles have been studied in detail. Taxa richness declines with distance from the wooded sites (in front of the glacier tongue) to those above the glacier tongue. At each of the supraglacial sites, spiders, ground beetles, aphids, springtails and flies were found. A change in the dominance of the different functional roles was observed along the tongue. Wooded sites are characterised by predatory (e.g. spiders, beetles), detrivore (e.g. springtails and certain flies), phytophagous (e.g. aphids, certain beetles) and parasitoid (e.g. certain wasps) assemblages, whereas at the debris-covered sites, aphids, flies and springtails are likely to be prey for spiders and beetles. The species richness of the predominant predators (spiders and beetles) shows a positive relationship with vegetation cover and debris thickness. Two mutually exclusive spider and ground beetle assemblages were found; one within the debris cover and one within the wooded sites. In our opinion, debris-covered glaciers are acting as a refuge area for the cryophil stenotherm species living at higher altitudes which descend the glacial tongue to lower elevations. A similar hypothesis supports the biogeographical interpretation of the distribution of many boreo-alpine relict species in the Alps. We discuss our results in the light of possible future scenarios which suggest an increase in debris cover with global warming
Copper(I) complexes from CuX2(X = NO3, BF4, 1 2SO4) and some heterocyclic ligands containing the thioamido group
No full textComplexes of copper(I) CuLnX(n = 2, 3; X = NO3, BF4 1 2SO4) have been obtained by reacting the corresponding copper(II) salts with the following ligands HNCH2·CH2X·C = S (where X = NH, NMe, NEt, S, O and CH2). All the ligands bind the metal through the thioketonic sulphur, as shown by the IR spectroscopy. The copper(I) seems always to realize a trigonal planar geometry both with three molecules of ligands and with two ligands and
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