10,247 research outputs found
Author Reading: Amy Haddad, PhD
No full textDr. Haddad read from her poetry collection, An Otherwise Healthy Woman.
Dr. Haddad is a poet, nurse, and educator at Creighton University where she now holds the rank of Professor Emerita. Her poetry and short stories have been published in the American Journal of Nursing, Janus Head, Journal of Medical Humanities, Touch, Bellevue Literary Review, Pulse, Persimmon Tree, Annals of Internal Medicine, Aji Magazine, DASH, Oberon Poetry Magazine, and the anthologies Between the Heart Beats and Intensive Care: More Poetry and Prose by Nurses from University of Iowa Press, and Stories of Illness and Healing: Women Write Their Bodies from Kent State University Press. Her poetry chapbook, The Geography of Kitchens, was published by Finishing Line Press in 2021. The University of Nebraska Press is publishing her first poetry collection, An Otherwise Healthy Woman, in 2022. She is also an alumna of the University of Nebraska Medical Center’s College of Nursing.https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mcgoogan_lectures/1003/thumbnail.jp
Hydatid Disease of the Central Nervous System
No full textAlthough hydatid disease is rare, it may come to the attention of neurosurgeons in nonendemic areas either by Internet consultations or by patients traveling to advanced centers for further management. Thus all neurosurgeons should be well informed about this condition. We reviewed our experience and consulted literature to come up with a consensus concerning the pathogenesis, the pathology, diagnosis, and management of hydatid disease of the central nervous system. We provide a comparison of this disease in the brain and the spine. In the brain, it is a disease of childhood and in the spine, of adulthood. The diagnosis in both locations is best made by being aware of the possibility of their occurrence and by imagery. The route of spread to the brain is different from that in the spine. The management of hydatid of the brain may be curative if the principles of management are well applied and adhered to. In the spine, the condition is a very protracted one and may require several surgeries.ABADA M, 1977, NEUROCHIRURGIE, V23, P195; ABOU-DAOUD K T, 1965, J Med Liban, V18, P159; ACQUAVIV.R, 1964, NEURO-CHIR, V10, P649; ALVAREZ F, 1982, SURG NEUROL, V17, P163, DOI 10.1016-0090-3019(82)90267-1; APT WL, 1976, J NEUROSURG, V44, P72, DOI 10.3171-jns.1976.44.1.0072; ARAJ GF, 1977, Z PARASITENKD, V52, P31, DOI 10.1007-BF00380556; ARASIL E, 1978, SURG NEUROL, V9, P9; BAASSIRI A, 1984, AM J NEURORADIOL, V5, P474; BETTAIEB A, 1978, NEUROCHIRURGIE, V24, P205; Boudawara MZ, 1999, NEUROCHIRURGIE, V45, P321; Dew H.R., 1928, HYDATID DIS ITS PATH; ELKHAMLICHI A, 1990, NEUROCHIRURGIE, V36, P312; ERSAHIN Y, 1995, CLIN NEUROL NEUROSUR, V97, P321, DOI 10.1016-0303-8467(95)00052-L; Evliyaoglu C, 1998, NEURORADIOLOGY, V40, P387; FAHL M, 1994, CLIN IMAG, V18, P179, DOI 10.1016-0899-7071(94)90078-7; FRAYHA GJ, 1981, T ROY SOC TROP MED H, V75, P447, DOI 10.1016-0035-9203(81)90118-8; GRISEL P, 1929, REV CHIR ORTHOP REPA, V67, P376; HADDAD FS, 2003, PAN ARAB J NEUROSURG, V7, P33; HADDAD FS, 1997, PAN ARAB J NEUROSURG, V1, P46; HADDAD FS, 1957, ARCH INT HYDATID, V16, P445; HADDAD GF, 2000, CONT NEUROSURG, V22, P1; HERNIGOU P, 1992, REV RHUM, V59, P131; KALAITZOGLOU I, 1997, AM J NEURORADIOL, V18, P1586; KAOUTZANIS M, 1989, ACTA NEUROCHIR WIEN, V98, P660; KARRAY S, 1990, J BONE JOINT SURG BR, V72, P84; KIDDELL RJ, 1969, PATHOLOGY, V11, P129; MICHELI F, 1987, EUR NEUROL, V27, P1, DOI 10.1159-000116120; MILLS TJ, 1956, J BONE JOINT SURG BR, V38, P884; MORSHED AA, 1977, NEUROCHIRURGIA, V20, P211; MURRAY RO, 1959, J BONE JOINT SURG BR, V41, P499; NURCHI G, 1992, NEUROSURGERY, V30, P436; OZEK MM, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROSURG, V20, P84, DOI 10.1159-000120770; PAU A, 1987, SURG NEUROL, V27, P365, DOI 10.1016-0090-3019(87)90014-0; PETER JC, 1994, PEDIATR NEUROSURG, V20, P78, DOI 10.1159-000120769; PORAT S, 1984, SPINE, V9, P648, DOI 10.1097-00007632-198409000-00018; RAO S, 1991, CLIN ORTHOP RELAT R, P164; RAYPORT M, 1964, J NEUROSURG, V21, P647, DOI 10.3171-jns.1964.21.8.0647; RONG SH, 1985, CLIN RADIOL, V36, P301; SCHROEDER AH, 1952, J NERV MENT DIS, V116, P1025, DOI 10.1097-00005053-195212000-00050; Sener RN, 1996, COMPUT MED IMAG GRAP, V20, P395, DOI 10.1016-S0895-6111(96)00055-9; SLIM MS, 1971, J PEDIATR SURG, V6, P440, DOI 10.1016-S0022-3468(71)80005-2; Tizniti S, 2000, J NEURORADIOLOGY, V27, P200; Turgut M, 1997, J NEUROSURG, V86, P714, DOI 10.3171-jns.1997.86.4.071444
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Ischnocnema from highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil (Terrarana, Brachycephalidae)
No full textFIGURE 2. Holotype of Ischnocnema vizottoi sp. nov. (CFBH-8222). (A) Dorsal and (B) lateral views of head; ventral views of hand (C) and foot (D).Published as part of Martins, Itamar A. & Haddad, Célio F. B., 2010, A new species of Ischnocnema from highlands of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil (Terrarana, Brachycephalidae), pp. 55-65 in Zootaxa 2617 on page 59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19795
Physalaemus atlanticus Haddad & Sazima, 2004, sp. nov.
No full textPhysalaemus atlanticus sp. nov. Holotype— CFBH 3221 (Fig. 1), adult male collected at Núcleo Picinguaba (23 ° 23 ’ S, 44 ° 50 ’ W), Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Municipality of Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on 20 January 1999 by C. F. B. Haddad. Paratopotypes — CFBH 1504, adult female collected on 20–21 September 1991 by C. F. B. Haddad, J. P. Pombal Jr., R. P. Bastos, L. P. C. Morellato, and E. C. Pombal; CFBH 1711, adult female collected on 3 October 1992 by R. P. Bastos and A. R. Silveira; CFBH 2108 adult female collected on 28 December 1993 – 02 January 1994 by C. F. B. Haddad; CFBH 3208, 3209, 3211, 3215 20, nine adult males collected with the holotype; CFBH 3212–3214, three adult females collected with the holotype. Paratypes — ZUEC 620, adult female collected at Praia Domingas Dias, Municipality of Ubatuba (23 ° 26 ’ S, 45 °04’ W), State of São Paulo, Brazil, on 9 January 1971 by I. Sazima and M. Schneider; ZUEC 2617, adult female collected at Praia Domingas Dias, Municipality of Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, on 3–7 March 1973 by I. Sazima, M. Sazima, and O. C. de Oliveira. Diagnosis— Physalaemus atlanticus belongs to the Physalaemus signifer group (sensu Lynch, 1970), and is characterized by the following set of characters: (1) small size (males 20.1–22.1 mm SVL, females 21.0– 23.9 mm SVL); (2) canthus rostralis distinct; (3) dorsal skin texture smooth to slightly rugose; (4) belly orange in life; (5) pulsed advertisement call with duration of 0.6– 0.84 s and frequency between 0.9–1.8 kHz. Comparison with other species— Physalaemus atlanticus differs from P. bokermanni by its larger size (P. bokermanni males 15.9 –17.0 mm SVL; Cardoso & Haddad 1985), advertisement call with lower frequencies, longer duration, higher pulse rate, and higher number of pulses/call, (Cardoso & Haddad 1985). Physalaemus atlanticus differs from P. c a e t e by its smaller size (P. caete males 23.5–25.8 mm SVL; Pombal & Madureira 1997), snout more acuminate, smoother dorsal skin, and more pigmented chest. Physalaemus atlanticus differs from P. crombiei by its slightly larger size (P. crombiei males 18.9 – 20.0 mm SVL; Heyer & Wolf 1989), its narrower snout, belly orange (pinkish in P. crombiei), advertisement call without a set of notes, with longer duration, and with lower pulse rate (Heyer & Wolf 1989). The new species differs from P. maculiventris (males 18.6–20.9 mm SVL; n = 5) by having a broad head and snout, snout less acuminate in dorsal view, ventral blotches absent (very conspicuous in P. maculiventris), and advertisement call with lower frequencies and longer duration (Heyer et al. 1990). Physalaemus atlanticus differs from P. moreirae by its smaller size (P. m o re i r a e males 25.0–27.0 mm SVL; Heyer 1985, as P. franciscae), snout narrower and more acuminate, and advertisement call with higher frequencies, without a set of notes, and with lower pulse rate (Heyer 1985, as P. f r a n ciscae; Heyer & Wolf 1989, as P. franciscae). Physalaemus atlanticus differs from P. nanus by its larger size (P. nanus males 17.9–18.2 mm SVL, n = 5), eyes more prominent, chest more pigmented, belly orange (yellow in P. nanus, CFBH personal observation), and advertisement call with longer duration, lower frequencies, and without a set of notes (Haddad & Pombal 1998). Physalaemus atlanticus differs from P. s i g n i f e r by its slightly smaller size (P. s i g n i f e r males 20.7–25.3 mm SVL, n = 5), snout more acuminate, smaller black spot on inguinal glands, and advertisement call with higher frequencies and pulsed structure (Bokermann 1966; Wogel et al. 2002). Finally, Physalaemus atlanticus differs from the morphologically cryptic species P. spiniger (males 17.1–21.3 mm SVL, Haddad & Pombal 1998), by its distinct advertisement call with longer duration, lower frequencies, and lower pulse rate (pulse rate of 396 pulses/s in P. s p i n i g e r; C. F. B. Haddad unpublished data; Haddad & Pombal 1998). Description of holotype— Body robust (Fig. 1); head wider than long; snout rounded and protruding in dorsal and lateral views, respectively (Fig. 2 A, B); nostril slightly protuberant and directed laterally; canthus rostralis distinct, slightly curved; loreal region slightly concave; eye slightly protuberant; tympanum indistinct; distinct supratympanic fold from tympanic region to shoulder; narrow and weak dorsolateral fold extending from posterior corner of eye to inguinal region; males with subgular vocal sac expanded externally and extending to border of chest; vocal slits present; choanae small, nearly round; tongue narrow, long; vomerine teeth absent; maxillary and premaxillary teeth present. Arms slender, forearms robust; fingers short; brown nuptial pad on thumb; subarticular tubercles single, protruding and rounded; outer metacarpal tubercle large and ovoid; inner metacarpal tubercle mediumsized and nearly elliptical; supernumerary tubercles small; finger tips slightly expanded; finger lengths I IV <II <III (Fig. 2 C). Legs moderately robust; tibia longer than thigh; tarsal fold weakly developed; foot with an inner metatarsal tubercle slightly protruding and ovoid; outer metatarsal tubercle small, protruding, and rounded; well developed subarticular tubercles, single, protruding, and round to elliptical; toe tips slightly expanded; toe lengths I <II <V <III <IV (Fig. 2 D). Inguinal gland large; dorsal and ventral skin smooth. Color of the holotype in preservative— Dorsum light brown with a dark brown interorbital bar; on the shoulder there is a dark brown arrow pointing to the head followed by three branches starting at the posterior part of the arrow; the two lateral branches end over the black spots on the inguinal gland, and the middle branch ends before the cloaca, where it bifurcates; a white line on the dorsolateral fold; flanks below dorsolateral fold dark brown; forearm light brown, with dark brown stain; elbow dark brown; thigh, tibia, and foot light brown, similar to the color of dorsum; dark brown transverse bar on thigh, tibia, and tarsus; cloacal region and posterior surface of thigh dark brown; belly cream; chest and throat brown. Color in life of the holotype— Dorsum light brown; dorsal marks (interorbital bar and arrow) brown bordered by a whitish line; dark brown lateral stripe from posterior corner of eye through tympanic region to groin; groin orange; inguinal gland with two black spots; forearm, thigh, tibia, and foot light brown with a dark brown transverse bar; chest and throat dark brown with white spots; belly, axilla, and ventral surfaces of thigh, tibia, foot, and arm orange; anal region black; iris brown with dark brown reticulations. Measurements of the holotype (mm)— SVL 20.5, HL 5.8, HW 7.0, TD 1.1, ED 2.0, IOD 2.4, END 1.8, IND 1.8, THL 9.7, TBL 10.2, FL 10.3. Variation in the type series— The tympanum varies from indistinct to weakly distinct. Coloration of the dorsum varies from light brown to gray. Interorbital bar and arrowshaped mark sometimes with a narrow light border. In life and preservative, the dorsal marks are not evident in some specimens. Dorsal skin texture varies from smooth to slightly rugose. Females are significantly larger (P <0.037) than males. Forearms are slen der in females. Females lack vocal sac and vocal slits. Measurements of 10 males and eight females are presented in Table 1. Males (n = 10) Females (n = 8) Vocalizations— Advertisement calls are given frequently (approximately 48 calls/ min). The advertisement call is composed of one pulsed note with mean duration of 0.67 s (SD = 0.07, range = 0.6– 0.84 s, n = 17 vocalizations from 3 males) and with a mean of 82.3 pulses/call (SD = 8.0, range = 74–98, n = 12 vocalizations from 3 males); pulse rate about 122 pulses/s; pulse duration about 0.005 s; interpulse interval generally less than 0.005 s; the pulses generally are isolated, but some pulses are in pairs or trios; in the final part of the vocalization a mean number of 17.3 pulses (SD = 2.7, range = 13–21, n = 12 vocalizations from 3 males) are grouped. Frequency between approximately 0.9–1.8 kHz (Fig. 3 A–C). Two types of interactions were identified when two neighbor males were emitting advertisement calls: (1) synchronized alternation and (2) synchronized partial overlap (Fig. 3 C). In the first type a male intercalates its call in the interval between two calls of its neighbor; this is repeated up to five times before the second type starts. In the second type, a male superimposes the initial part of its calls to the final part of the calls of its neighbor; this interaction can be repeated 10 or more times in a series. The first type corresponded to 39 % and the second type to 61 % of the analyzed interactions (n = 33). Tadpoles— Larvae were obtained in ponds and from a foam nest collected at the type locality and reared in laboratory. The following description is based on five tadpoles (CFBH 6295) in developmental stage 37 (Gosner 1960). Body ovoid in dorsal and ventral views (4 A, C), depressed/globular in lateral view (Fig. 4 B); body wider than high; snout rounded; eyes small, dorsolateral; nostrils dorsal, small and rounded; nostrils about midway between the eyes and the tip of snout; spiracle sinistral, its opening posterior to the middle of body; cloacal tube medium sized, medial; caudal musculature slender; dorsal fin originating on body; dorsal fin wider than ventral fin. Oral disc directed ventrally, laterally indented, and bordered by one or two rows of small papillae, interrupted along a large area on the anterior labium; tooth row formula 2 (2)/ 3 (1); jaw sheath strongly developed and serrate; posterior jaw sheath vshaped (Fig. 4 D). In preservative, dorsum pale brown; throat and belly transparent; caudal musculature with scattered pale brown pigmentation; fins transparent with scattered white dots. Five tadpoles in developmental stage 37 measured (range, average, SD): total length 19.2–21.2 (20.2, 0.89); body length 6.5–7.5 (7.01, 0.38); body height 3.2–3.9 (3.49, 0.24); body width 4.6–5.4 (5.01, 0.37); internarial distance 0.75–0.90 (0.82, 0.05); interorbital distance 1.1–1.3 (1.16, 0.11); eyenostril distance 0.6–0.7 (0.63, 0.03); eye diameter 0.8– 0.9 (0.8, 0.04). Newly metamorphosed individuals averaged 8.1 mm SVL (SD = 0.26, range = 7.8–8.4, n = 6). Distribution— Physalaemus atlanticus is known only from the municipality of Ubatuba, in the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. All the specimens collected and observed were near the sea shore at an altitude of 0–50m, associated with ponds or leaf litter from the coastal plain forest in the Atlantic rain forest. The restricted distribution of the new species is characteristic of other species in the P. signifer group (Heyer & Wolf 1989). Reproduction and natural history— Physalaemus atlanticus reproduces throughout the rainy season (October–February) near places on the forest floor subject to flooding. Males call at the edges of forest ponds, in most cases from under the leaf litter. The eggs are embedded in a foam nest built on the water surface and anchored to the margins of ponds or, alternatively, on the wet leaf litter near the ponds. Embryos develop within the foam mass, and exotrophic tadpoles develop in small ponds or rock crevices (see below). The mean number of eggs per foam nest is 80.9 (SD = 25.9, range = 51–124, n = 8). Eggs are unpigmented, with average diameter of 1.6 mm (SD = 0.13, range = 1.4–1.9 mm, n = 60 eggs from six clutches), and with thin capsules of about 1.7 mm in diameter. One egg clutch reared in laboratory from stage 1 (Gosner 1960) started to metamorphose after 23 days. We observed couples of P. atlanticus constructing foam nests within crevices atop the rocky seashore, close to the forest edge. The crevices held water throughout the rainy season and leaves and plant debris accumulated there, providing nourishment for microorganisms, immature aquatic phases of terrestrial insects, and presumably for the tadpoles as well. Besides tadpoles of Physalaemus atlanticus, we found tadpoles of the hylid Scinax hayi scraping on the plant debris within these microponds. We recorded as many as seven foam nests in a crevice about 60 cm long, 35 cm wide, and 20 cm deep. These were adherent to each other and formed a single large mass. On three occasions we observed two couples constructing their foam nests close to each other; both clutches adhered to each other at the end of the process. On a smaller crevice, a single male attracted two females on the same night, and the formed couples constructed two foam nests that adhered to each other. During the foam nest construction the male kicks his legs alternately while in amplexus with the female. We observed predation on Physalaemus atlanticus by snakes twice. A gravid female was found in the gut of an adult Liophis miliaris (Colubridae), and an adult male was observed while being swallowed by a juvenile Bothrops jararaca (Viperidae) at dawn. Etymology— The specific name, a Latinized adjective, refers to the habitat of the new species, the Atlantic rain forest in southeastern Brazil, where the new species may be found at the seashore.Published as part of Haddad, Célio F. B. & Sazima, Ivan, 2004, A new species of Physalaemus (Amphibia; Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil, pp. 1-12 in Zootaxa 479 on pages 3-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15732
Falcaranea amatola Haddad & Lyle 2024, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Falcaranea amatola</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs 150, 151, 156–159</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is a noun in apposition referring to the Amatola Mountains in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, where most of the specimens were collected.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Males of this species can be recognised by the slightly undulating embolus that is directed distally, without a pronounced curve near the middle of its length, and by the short thumb-like dorsal RTA (Figs 156, 157). Females share with <i>F. maputensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> the secondary spermathecae that are clearly smaller than the primary spermathecae, but can be distinguished by the clear space between them (almost touching in <i>F. maputensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>) and by the shape of the secondary spermathecae, almost square in <i>F. amatola</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Fig. 158) but teardrop-shaped in <i>F. maputensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Fig. 167). Furthermore, the scape is significantly smaller and not tongue-like in shape like that of <i>T. gladius</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Figs 144, 162) and <i>T. maputensis</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> (Fig 149, 167).</p> <p> <b>Male (paratype, Hogsback, TMSA 23867).</b> Measurements: CL 1.37, CW 1.10, AL 1.73, AW 1.03, TL 3.13, FL 0.21, SL 0.86, SW 0.63, AME-AME 0.035, AME-ALE 0.015, ALE-ALE 0.22, PME-PME 0.71, PME-PLE 1.03, PLE-PLE 0.43. Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 0.98 + 0.54 + 0.76 + 0.61 + 0.39 = 3.28; II 0.84 + 0.44 + 0.67 + 0.59 + 0.37 = 2.91; III 0.71 + 0.36 + 0.49 + 0.60 + 0.29 = 2.45; IV 1.03 + 0.41 + 0.83 + 0.82 + 0.33 = 3.42.</p> <p>Carapace bright yellow-brown (Fig. 150); surface texture finely tuberculate, covered with short, fine setae; fovea long, distinct, deep orange-brown, at ¾ CL. Eye region brown, with black rings around eyes; AER slightly procurved; clypeus height approximately ¾ AME diameter; AME slightly larger than ALE; AME separated by distance equal to ⅓ their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance equal to ⅙ AME diameter; PER recurved; PLE slightly larger than PME; PME separated by distance equal to ⅘ their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance equal to 1⅕ PME diameter. Chelicerae orange-brown; labium and endites yellow-brown; sternum yellow-brown, darker around borders. Abdomen elongate-oval, dorsum cream with faint grey mottling, with slightly darker heart mark and fine cream chevrons in posterior third (Fig. 150); two pairs of elongate-oval sigilla, first pair at ¼ AL and second pair at midpoint of abdomen, each comprising two or three ovoid sclerites; dorsum covered in fine appressed brown setae; venter creamy-grey. Legs uniform yellow, I and II darker than III and IV, metatarsi and tarsi slightly darker than other segments. Palp with narrow cymbium tapering distally; embolus originating prolaterally on oval tegulum, slightly curved along its length, sword-like, directed distally; ventral RTA forming a broad shallow lamina, dorsal tibial apophysis short, stout, thumb-like (Figs 156, 157).</p> <p> <b>Female (holotype, Hogsback, NCA 2007/3838).</b> Measurements: CL 1.30, CW 1.10, AL 1.60, AW 1.08, TL 3.00, FL 0.08, SL 0.83, SW 0.80, AME-AME 0.03, AME-ALE 0.01, ALE-ALE 0.20, PME-PME 0.08, PME-PLE 0.08, PLE-PLE 0.38. Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 0.98 + 0.53 + 0.68 + 0.63 + 0.40 = 3.22; II 0.88 + 0.48 + 0.68 + 0.60 + 0.25 = 2.89; III 0.73 + 0.33 + 0.50 + 0.63 + 0.30 = 2.35; IV 1.10 + 0.38 + 0.88 + 0.83 + 0.35 = 2.51.</p> <p>Carapace pale brown (Fig. 151); surface texture finely wrinkled, covered with short, fine setae; fovea short, narrow, indistinct, at two thirds CL. AER slightly recurved; clypeus height equal to less than AME diameter; AME slightly larger than ALE; AME separated by distance approximately equal to ¾ their diameter; AME separated from ALE by distance equal to ½ AME diameter; PER recurved, PLE larger than PME; PME separated by distance equal to their diameter; PME separated from PLE by distance equal to ¾ PME diameter. Chelicerae brown, anterior surface covered in scattered short, fine setae. Sternum pale yellow, slightly darker towards border. Abdomen oval, pale grey dorsally; two pairs of brown sigilla, first pair pale, at approximately ¼ AL, second pair darker, posterior to midpoint. Legs pale brown; anterior legs slightly darker than posteriors. Epigyne with narrow fingernail-like triangular hood anteriorly; small, globular ST II connected to subrectangular ST I by connecting ducts at 60º angle to epigastric fold (Figs 158, 159).</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: ♀: <b>SOUTH AFRICA:</b> <i>Eastern Cape</i>: Amatola Mountains, Hogsback, Afromontane forest, 32°36'17.1''S, 26°56'34.8''E, 25.III.2007, leg. C. Haddad (beats, foliage) (NCA 2007 /3838).</p> <p> Paratypes: <b>SOUTH AFRICA:</b> <i>Eastern Cape</i>: Amatola Mountains, Hogsback, Pine plantation, 32°35.508'S, 26°56.538'E, 1210 m a.s.l., 1.IV.2012, leg. C. Haddad & J. Neethling (canopy fogging, <i>Podocarpus falcatus</i>), 4♁ 14♀ (NMBA 16267); Same locality, Never Daunted Guest House, 32°35.6'S, 26°55.5'E, 10.IV.2010, leg. C. Haddad (night collecting), 1♁ 2♀ (TMSA 23867); Fort Fordyce Nature Reserve, 32°41.133'S, 26°29.875'E, 1090 m a.s.l., 30.XI.2013, leg. C. Haddad & J. Neethling (canopy fogging, Afromontane forest, mixed canopy), 3♀ (NCA 2013 /4418).</p> <p> <b>Other material.</b> <b>SOUTH AFRICA:</b> <i>Eastern Cape</i>: Amatola Mountains, Hogsback, 32°35.770'S, 26°55.843'E, 1250 m a.s.l., 7.I.2010, leg. C. Haddad, C. Griswold & H. Wood (canopy fogging, exotic chestnut), 4♁ 5♀ (TMSA 23993); Same locality, Arboretum, 32°35.388'S, 26°56.123'E, 1200 m a.s.l., 26.III.2011, leg. C. Haddad, V. Swart, D. Fourie & R. du Preez (canopy fogging 1, <i>P. falcatus</i>), 5♀ (TMSA 23994); Same locality, Arboretum, 32°35.283'S, 26°56.151'E, 1250 m a.s.l., 1.IV.2012, leg. C. Haddad & J. Neethling (canopy fogging, <i>P. falcatus</i>), 2♀ (NCA 2014 /748); Same data but 3.IV.2012, 1♀ (NCA 2014 /681), 1♁ 1♀ (NCA 2014 /682); Same locality, Pine plantation, 32°35.508'S, 26°56.538'E, 1210 m a.s.l., 1.IV.2012, leg. C. Haddad & J. Neethling (canopy fogging, <i>P. falcatus</i>), 2♀ (NCA 2014 /748); Same locality, Pine plantation, 32°35.519'S, 26°55.965'E, 1400 m a.s.l., 21.III.2013, leg. C. Haddad & R. du Preez (canopy fogging, <i>Pinus radiata</i>), 3♀ (NCA 2014 /293); Same locality, Tyume Forest, 32°35.987'S, 26°55.880'E, 1140 m a.s.l., 3.IV.2012, leg. C. Haddad, J. Neethling, A. van Rooyen & R. du Preez (canopy fogging, Afromontane forest, <i>Xymalos monospora</i>), 1♁ 2♀ (NCA 2014 /453), 2♁ 3♀ (NCA 2014 /479); Same locality, Never Daunted guest house, 32°35.683'S, 26°55.854'E, 1250 m a.s.l., 23.IV.2013, leg. C. Haddad, J. Neethling & R. du Preez (night collecting), 1♀ (NCA 2014 /409); Amatola Mountains, 7 km S of Hogsback on R345, 32°38.831'S, 26°55.375'E, 715 m a.s.l., 1.X.2011, leg. J. Neethling & C. Luwes (canopy fogging, isolated tree, roadside), 5♁ 2♀ (NCA 2012 /1884). <i>KwaZulu-Natal</i>: Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve, Samango Waterfall trail, 30°42.612'S, 30°16.182'E, 200 m a.s.l., 13.I.2011, leg. C. Haddad (canopy fogging, mixed forest trees), 1♁ 1♀ (TMSA 23988); Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, 30°16'S, 30°37'E, 458 m a.s.l., 26.XI.2012, leg. J. Neethling (canopy fogging, <i>Vepris lanceolata</i>), 5♁ 6♀ (NCA 2013 /936).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known only from the Eastern Cape and southern KwaZulu-Natal provinces, South Africa (Fig. 169).</p>Published as part of <i>Haddad, Charles R. & Lyle, Robin, 2024, Three new genera of arboreal dark sac spiders from southern Africa (Araneae: Trachelidae), pp. 451-504 in Zootaxa 5399 (5)</i> on pages 478-481, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.5.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10517393">http://zenodo.org/record/10517393</a>
Redox and oxidant-mediated regulation of apoptosis signaling pathways: immuno-pharmaco-redox conception of oxidative siege versus cell death commitment
No full textThe mechanisms controlling apoptosis remain largely obscure. Because apoptosis is an integral part of the developmental program and is frequently the end-result of a temporal course of cellular events, it is referred to as programmed cell death. While there is considerable variation in the signals and requisite cellular metabolic events necessary to induce apoptosis in diverse cell types, the morphological features associated with apoptosis are highly conserved. Free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been proposed as common mediators for apoptosis. Many agents that induce apoptosis are either oxidants or stimulators of cellular oxidative metabolism. Conversely, many inhibitors of apoptosis have antioxidant activities or enhance cellular antioxidant defenses. Mammalian cells, therefore, exist in a state of oxidative siege in which survival requires an optimum balance of oxidants and antioxidants. The respiratory tract is subjected to a variety of environmental stresses, including oxidizing agents, particulates and airborne microorganisms that, together, may injure structural and functional lung components and thereby jeopardize the primary lung function of gas exchange. To cope with this challenge, the lung has developed elaborate defense mechanisms that include inflammatory-immune pathways as well as efficient antioxidant defense systems. In the absence of adequate antioxidant defenses, the damage produced is detected by the cell leading to the activation of genes responsible for the regulation of apoptosis, conceivably through stress-responsive transcription factors. Oxidative stress, in addition, may cause a shift in cellular redox state, which thereby modifies the nature of the stimulatory signal and which results in cell death as opposed to proliferation. 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On the closed form of the covariance matrix and its inverse of the causal arma process
No full textDerivation of the theoretical autocovariance function of a causal autoregressive moving-average process of order (p, q), ARMA(p, q), when q ≥ 1 is considered. A recursive relationship is established between the covariance matrices of an ARMA(p, q) process and its associated ARMA(p, q-1) process. The obtained recursion is shown to produce the inverse of the covariance matrix and its determinant. Moreover, the introduced method can be easily implemented in any programming environment.ANDERSON TW, 1977, J MULTIVARIATE ANAL, V7, P584, DOI 10.1016-0047-259X(77)90069-0; Box GEP, 1976, TIME SERIES ANAL; Brockwell P. J., 1987, TIME SERIES THEORY M; Choi BS, 1992, ARMA MODEL IDENTIFIC; Durbin J., 1960, REV INT STATIST I, V28, P233, DOI DOI 10.2307-1401322; HADDAD JN, 1995, J TIME SER ANAL, V16, P551, DOI 10.1111-j.1467-9892.1995.tb00254.x; Haddad JN, 1998, COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C, V27, P617, DOI 10.1080-03610919808813499; VANDERLEEUW J, 1994, J ECONOMETRICS, V63, P397, DOI 10.1016-0304-4076(94)90032-9910
Scinax tropicalia Novaes-E-Fagundes & Araujo-Vieira & Entiauspe-Neto & Roberto & Orrico & Solé & Haddad & Loebmann 2021, sp. nov.
No full textNovaes-E-Fagundes, Gabriel, Araujo-Vieira, Katyuscia, Entiauspe-Neto, Omar M., Roberto, Igor J., Orrico, Victor G. D., Solé, Mirco, Haddad, Célio F. B., Loebmann, Daniel (2021): Scinax tropicalia Novaes-E-Fagundes & Araujo-Vieira & Entiauspe-Neto & Roberto & Orrico & Solé & Haddad & Loebmann 2021, sp. nov. Journal of Herpetology 10 (1): 173-177, DOI: 10.1670/16-048, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.456283
Fritziana tonimi Walker, Gasparini and Haddad 2016
No full text<p> <i>Fritziana tonimi</i></p> <p>: Brazil: state of Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa: CFBH 24809; CFBH 30710 – 30712; CFBH 30920; MNRJ 28376, 38397 – 38398, 40700, 56060 – 56062; Domingos Martins: MNRJ 46719 – 46720.</p>Published as part of <i>Walker, Marina, Wachlevski, Milena, Nogueira-Costa, Paulo, Garcia, Paulo C. A. & Haddad, Célio F. B., 2018, A New Species of Fritziana Mello-Leitão 1937 (Amphibia: Anura: Hemiphractidae) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, pp. 329-341 in Herpetologica 74 (4)</i> on pages 329-341, DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831.329, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7803044">http://zenodo.org/record/7803044</a>
Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii Toledo, Garcia, Lingnau & Haddad, 2007, sp. nov.
No full textSphaenorhynchus caramaschii sp. nov. Sphaenorhynchus surdus: BERTOLUCI AND RODRIGUES, 2002; POMBAL JR. AND HADDAD, 2005 Holotype. CFBH 2222, an adult male collected in a permanent pond at the Fazenda São Luís (24 º 21 ’ 30 ” S, 48 º 44 ’ 35 ” W; 910 m. altitude), municipality of Ribeirão Branco, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, by Célio F. B. Haddad and José P. Pombal Jr. on 27 November 1993 (Figure 4). Paratopotypes. CFBH 2219 - 21; 2223 adult males collected with the holotype. All the remaining paratypes were collected in the same locality of the holotype (Fazenda São Luís, Ribeirão Branco, São Paulo), but in different dates. CFBH 194 adult male collected on 11 October 1985 by A. J. Cardoso, M. Gordo, M. Martins, J. P. Pombal Jr., and C. F. B. Haddad; CFBH 267 adult male collected on 26 January 1989 by C. F. B. Haddad and J. P. Pombal Jr.; CFBH 370 adult male collected on 27 December 1987 by C. F. B. Haddad, M. Gordo, and J. P. Pombal Jr.; CFBH 1777 adult male collected on 7 December 1992 by C. F. B. Haddad and J. P. Pombal Jr.; CFBH 2210 adult male collected on 8 October 1993 by R. P. Bastos, O. C. Oliveira, and J. P. Pombal Jr.; CFBH 2285 - 94 adult males and a female (CFBH 2287) collected on 8 February 1993 by R. P. Bastos, O. C. Oliveira, and J. P. Pombal Jr.; CFBH 2313 adult male collected on 15 January 1994 by R. P. Bastos and C. F. B. Haddad; CFBH 6875 - 78; 6933 - 37 adult males and one female (CFBH 6933) collected on 14 January 2004 by C. F. B. Haddad, C. P. A. Prado, and L. O. M. Giasson; CFBH 9583; 11285 adult males collected on 14 January 2005 by C. F. B. Haddad, J. Alexandrino, M. Guimarães, and M. Gridi-Papp. In total there are 31 paratypes, of which 29 are males and two are females. Diagnosis. Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii is an intermediate size species for the genus (Figure 5) and is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) absence of external tympanum; (2) snout from truncate to slightly mucronate in dorsal view and protruding in lateral view; (3) presence of a dark line from the snout to the eye; and (4) a long advertisement call, generally with more than 5 seconds of duration and more than 20 notes per call. Comparison with other species. Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii is distinguished from S. planicola and S. dorisae by presenting a dark line from the snout to the eyes (absent in these former species). From S. carneus it is distinguished by having vomerian teeth and a SVL greater than 20 mm. From S. lacteus and S. pauloalvini it is distinguished by having a concealed tympanum. From S. prasinus it is distinguished by having a dorsolateral white line. From S. bromelicola it is distinguished by having vocal sac well developed, with longitudinal folds in the pectoral region; in S. bromelicola the vocal sac is small without longitudinal folds in the pectoral region. From S. palustris and S. orophilus it is distinguished by lacking dark nuptial asperities in males and by having the tympanum invisible from skin transparency. Finally, from S. surdus it is distinguished by having the snout generally truncate, sometimes slightly mucronate (mucronate in S. surdus) and, mainly, by having a long advertisement call, generally with more than 5 seconds of duration (usually below 2 seconds in S. surdus), and by having larger interval between notes, greater than 0.1 seconds (below 0.09 seconds in S. surdus) (see also Table 1). Description of Holotype. Body elliptic and slender. Head triangular, longer than broad. Snout slightly mucronate in dorsal view and protruding in lateral view (Figure 6). Mouth opening ventral. Internarial distance narrow, shorter than the eye to nostril distance. Canthus rostralis rounded. Choanae rounded. Interorbital distance larger than eye diameter. Tympanum indistinct and concealed, but perceptible beneath skin. Vocal sac single, externally expanded, and large with evident transversal folds. There is one large vocal slit on each side of the tongue. Vomerine teeth in two distinct, short transverse, series, with three teeth each, lying between and just posterior to choanae. Tongue narrow, longer than wide. Thigh slightly longer than tibia; foot shorter than thigh and tibia. Finger length I<IV<II<III. Toe length I<II<V<III<IV. Finger and toes tips with rounded adhesive disks (Figure 6). Thumb with keratinized nuptial pad. Finger webbing reduced and toe webbing moderately developed. Finger and toe subarticular tubercles rounded and single. There are several rounded supernumerary tubercles in the hand between the first subarticular tubercle and the elliptical internal metacarpal tubercle and the heart-shaped external metacarpal tubercle. In the feet there are 13 supernumerary tubercles mostly between the rounded external metacarpal tubercle and the oval internal metacarpal tubercle. Inner metatarsal tubercle large and ovoid. Ventral skin granular and dorsal skin slightly granular, almost smooth. Cloacal region granular and cloacal flap absent. Measurements of the holotype are presented in table 2. Measurement S. surdus S. caramaschii Holotype Males (n = 17) Holotype Males (n = 11) Females (n = 2) Color in life. Dorsum and limbs are bright green with brownish dots. Venter smooth green, but lighter than dorsum. Presence of a white dorsolateral line from the snout to the groin; under this line there is a dark line from the snout to the flanks. Dark line from the eye to the snout present. Cloacal region with white spots. Color in preservative (70 % ethanol). Dorsum and limbs of whitish beige with brownish dots. Ventral region whitish yellow. Limbs in ventral view darker than belly. The dark line from the eyes to the snout is present. Clocacal region with white spots. Nuptial pad brown. Variation. Females larger than males and lacking nuptial pad that is present in males. There is little variation in external morphology within the sexes (see also Table 2). Differently from the holotype, some paratypes have the head broader than long, or as broad as long, and the thigh shorter than the tibia, or as long as the tibia. The snout shape varies from truncate to slightly mucronate. In most individuals the dark line from the snout extends to the flanks, in some individuals ends in the edge of the eyes. Dorsal pigmentation varies considerably among individuals, since from totally uniform green to strongly brownish spotted dorsum. Advertisement call. The advertisement call of the S. caramaschii described here was recorded in the municipality of Piraquara, state of Paraná. It has 22 to 43 notes, frequency ranging from 0.94 ± 0.45 kHz (range: 0.11 – 1.57; n = 30 notes; 1 male) to 4.24 ± 0.40 kHz (range: 3.70 – 5.43; n = 30 notes; 1 male). Mean dominant frequency is 2.62 ± 0.09 kHz (range: 2.50 – 2.76; n = 30 notes; 1 male). The mean duration of the call is 8.49 ± 2.83 seconds (range: 5.23 – 10.21; n = 5 calls; 1 male), but it depends on the number of notes in the call. The mean duration of an individual note is 0.06 ± 0.01 s (range: 0.04 – 0.07; n = 30 notes; 1 male). The notes are pulsed and the mean interval between them is 0.22 ± 0.04 s (range: 0.18 – 0.37; n = 30 notes; 1 male) (Table 1; Figure 7). Two adjacent males may call in antiphony. Tadpole. Unknown. Natural history. Males breed in the hot and rainy season of the year (September-March) and call from the floating vegetation in temporary or permanent ponds. The reproductive mode is number 1 (sensu Haddad and Prado, 2005): eggs and exotrophic tadpoles in lentic water. The eggs are attached individually to submerged vegetation. Geographic distribution. Besides the type locality, the species occurs also in the municipalities of Pilar do Sul, Iporanga, Apiaí, and Ribeirão Grande, all in the state of São Paulo, in the municipality of Piraí do Sul and Piraquara, state of Paraná, and in the municipality of Treviso and São Bento do Sul (based on recordings), state of Santa Catarina (Figure 8). Etymology. The specific name honours Dr. Ulisses Caramaschi, who first recognized this species as new and for his large contribution to the knowledge of Brazilian anurans. Discussion. Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii is known to occur in the highlands of the states of São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina. In Santa Catarina it also occurs in a lowland locality (about 150m a.s.l.). In the municipality of São Bento do Sul (state of Santa Catarina) it is sympatric with S. surdus and may be sympatric with this species in the neighborhood of the municipality of Curitiba (state of Paraná) as well, due to the proximity between the municipalities of Piraquara (where we found S. caramaschii) and Curitiba (the type locality of S. surdus). The municipality of Piraquara was part of the municipality of Curitiba until 1984 and, therefore, there is a chance that the type series of S. surdus was collected in Piraquara, confirming the sympatry of these two species in the state of Paraná. However, the two species have so far not been observed occurring in the same pond. The status of the populations of the municipalities of Dom Pedro de Alcântara and Torres, both in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and considered as S. surdus (Garcia & Vinciprova, 2003), needs to be reevaluated. Both species seem to be abundant, occurring in pristine and degraded areas (such as fish farms: P. C. A. Garcia, pers. obs.). Although, we still lack some information on the geographic distribution, and other natural history traits, of both species (S. caramaschii and S. surdus), based on our current knowledge we are able to indicate these species as Least Concern, according to the IUCN criteria. Genetic studies involving both species are being prepared and significant differences among these two species are recognized (J. Faivovich, pers. com.).Published as part of Toledo, Luís Felipe, Garcia, Paulo C. A., Lingnau, Rodrigo & Haddad, Célio F. B., 2007, A new species of Sphaenorhynchus (Anura; Hylidae) from Brazil, pp. 57-68 in Zootaxa 1658 on pages 60-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17989
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