6,876 research outputs found
William H. Sheldon and the culture of the somatotype
No full textThe burden of this dissertation is to show that William Sheldon’s somatotype project should be seen as an integral aspect of modernist culture. Sheldon engaged the same problems with modernity and the "Second Industrial Revolution" (urbanization, overpopulation, industrialization, alienation) that confronted modernist poets, novelists, and philosophers. In this I am elaborating Dorothy Ross’s recent metaphor, "modernist impulses in the human sciences" (1994). Both scientists and artists were responding to the social chaos and fragmentation engendered by WWI, by capitalism, and by a science and technology that was often felt to have run amok. Advocacy of eugenics for Anthony Ludovici, William Sheldon, and Aldous Huxley (polemics against "promiscuous breeding", overpopulation, medical and psychological holism, "aristocracy", nobility) was another means of defending conservative values against the onslaught of modernism.
The German romantic, holistic, tradition (the "Goethean vision") in the physical and biological sciences that has been treated recently by Ann Harrington (1996) carried reactionary assumptions and priorities that duly influenced British and American constitutionalists. Sheldon’s quest of the somatotype, his attempt to map the human physique scientifically, was, at least in his case, a means of salvaging personality, character, and soul ina way that was consonant with the aims of German holism and hence, to a Significant degree, with the aims of the nazis, who appropriated the tradition for political purposes and propagandized it in their art. Sheldon’s studies in human constitution possessed the same "value-base" (Weingart) as much of German medicine and psychology during the first four decades of this century. Sheldon’s anti-Freudian position was intended to reinculcate a place for moral character and eugenic breeding in psychology. Sheldon insisted that character was a seasoned and hard-won proposition, as opposed to a cheap jettisoning of sexual inhibitions. Sheldon opposed the sexual origin of neurosis and replaced it with a highly disciplined character-building that was consistent with a nineteenth-century masculine ethos.Ph. D
William H. Sheldon's constitutional psychology: the somatotype as fiction
No full textIn this thesis I argue that William H. Sheldon's somatotypes can be seen as fictional constructions. The traditional notion of idealization in prose fiction intrudes into Sheldon's reading of his somatotypes; the same kind of idealization, based on anthropological stereotyping, that had marked the science, or pseudo-science, of physiognomy. An integral aspect of physiognomy had been biological hierarchy and distinction, which had undergirded both the ancient and the European class systems, and which had provided a palpable benchmark for identifying nobility, heroism, and aristocracy.
Sheldon's constitutional psychology, I argue, is a thinly disguised revolt against the falling away of this biological hegemony. The demise of heroism and "Promethean Will" or individuality was, for Sheldon, a matter of nostalgia and alienation. The somatotype studies, while fostering the illusion of detached empiricism, actually allow Sheldon to judge contemporary humanity according to antique (heroic) standards. Sheldon's somatotypes, therefore, are artifactual; to the degree that they express as much about the "temperamene" of their "author" as they do about the somatotypes themselves. In this way, Sheldon constrlcts his subjects. Sheldon's proposed program of "biological humanics", a variety of eugenics, was, in truth, an agenda (a fantasy) for recapturing the glory of the past. It was a scheme to reinvest power, beauty, heroism (primitive splendor), into the physical body; qualities and relationships which had characterized the ancient world, and which had been compromised by the "shopkeeper" and cowardly mentality of modern society.Master of Scienc
Discontinuous molecular dynamics for semiflexible and rigid bodies
No full textA general framework for performing event-driven simulations of systems with semiflexible or rigid bodies interacting under impulsive forces is outlined. The method consists of specifying a means of computing the free evolution of constrained motion, evaluating the times at which interactions occur, and determining the consequences of interactions on subsequent motion. Algorithms for computing the times of interaction events and carrying out efficient event-driven simulations are discussed. The semiflexible case and the rigid case differ qualitatively in that the free motion of a rigid body can be computed analytically and need not be integrated numerically. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.PT: J; CR: ABRAMOWITZ M, 1965, HDB MATH FUNCTIONS F ALDER BJ, 1959, J CHEM PHYS, V31, P459 ALDER BJ, 1960, J CHEM PHYS, V33, P1439 ALLEN MP, 1987, COMPUTER SIMULATION ALLEN MP, 1989, COMPUT PHYS REP, V9, P301 ANDERSEN HC, 1983, J COMPUT PHYS, V52, P24 BARAFF D, 1989, COMPUT GRAPH, V23, P223 BARAFF D, 1992, THESIS CORNELL U BRENT RP, 1973, ALGORITHMS MINIMIZAT CARTER EA, 1989, CHEM PHYS LETT, V156, P472 CHAPELA GA, 1984, MOL PHYS, V53, P139 CHAPELA GA, 1989, CHEM PHYS, V129, P201 CICCOTTI G, 2004, J STAT PHYS, V115, P701 DELAPENA LH, UNPUB DELAPENA LH, 2005, J CHEM PHYS, V126 DEMICHELE C, 2006, J PHYS CHEM B, V110, P8064 DONEV A, 2005, J COMPUT PHYS, V202, P737 DONEV A, 2005, J COMPUT PHYS, V202, P765 ERPENBECK JJ, 1977, STAT MECH B FIXMAN M, 1974, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V71, P3050 FRENKEL D, 2004, UNDERSTANDING MOL DY GALASSI M, 2005, GNU SCI LIB REFERENC GOLDSTEIN H, CLASSICAL MECH JACOBI CGJ, 1849, J CRELLE, V39, P293 KNOPP K, 1947, THEORY FUNCTIONS 2 LANDAU LD, 1976, MECHANICS LUBACHEVSKY BD, 1991, J COMPUT PHYS, V94, P255 MARIN M, 1993, J COMPUT PHYS, V109, P306 MARIN M, 1995, COMPUT PHYS COMMUN, V92, P214 MARSDEN JE, 2002, INTRO MECH SYMMETRY MASUTANI Y, 1994, P IEEE INT C ROB AUT, V2, P1066 MELCHIONNA S, 2000, PHYS REV E A, V61, P6165 MOSHIER SL, 1989, METHODS PROGRAMS MAT PRESS WH, 1992, NUMERICLA RECIPES FO RAMSHAW JD, 1986, PHYS LETT A, V116, P110 RAPAPORT DC, 1980, J COMPUT PHYS, V34, P184 RAPAPORT DC, 2004, ART MOL DYNAMICS SIM RUEB AS, 1834, THESIS UTRECHT NETHE RYCKAERT JP, 1977, J COMPUT PHYS, V23, P327 TUCKERMAN ME, 1999, EUROPHYS LETT, V45, P149 TUCKERMAN ME, 2001, J CHEM PHYS, V115, P1678 VANZON R, IN PRESS J COMPUT PH VANZON R, 2002, PHYS REV E 1, V65 WHITTAKER ET, 1937, TREATISE ANAL DYMANI; NR: 44; TC: 1; J9: J CHEM PHYS; PG: 13; GA: 138VLSource type: Electronic(1
Letter to Robert S. Stevens from H. G. Sheldon, dated 1875-09-02 (from 1875 Book of Letters to R.S.S.)
No full textR. F. Hobart, BankerThe original of this document is in the Stevens Family Papers, #1210, at the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library, Ithaca, New York 14853
Figure 4. The Orthotomus chaktomuk, O. atrogularis, O in A new species of lowland tailorbird (Passeriformes: Cisticolidae: Orthotomus) from the Mekong floodplain of Cambodia
No full textFigure 4. The Orthotomus chaktomuk, O. atrogularis, O. ruficeps, and O. sepium clade extracted from the entire Orthotomus phylogeny, which was constructed from concatenated DNA sequences of ND2, MUSK, and TGFβ2 via Bayesian phylogenetic inference as described in Sheldon et al. (2012). Numbers along branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities. The topology is the same as ND2 and MUSK trees by themselves.Published as part of Mahood, S. P., John, A. J. I., Eames, J. C., Oliveros, C. H., Moyle, R. G., Chamnan, Hong, Poole, C. M. & Sheldon, F. H., 2013, A new species of lowland tailorbird (Passeriformes: Cisticolidae: Orthotomus) from the Mekong floodplain of Cambodia, pp. 1-14 in Forktail 29 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.276403
Discontinuous molecular dynamics for rigid bodies: Applications
No full textEvent-driven molecular dynamics simulations are carried out on two rigid-body systems which differ in the symmetry of their molecular mass distributions. First, simulations of methane in which the molecules interact via discontinuous potentials are compared with simulations in which the molecules interact through standard continuous Lennard-Jones potentials. It is shown that under similar conditions of temperature and pressure, the rigid discontinuous molecular dynamics method reproduces the essential dynamical and structural features found in continuous-potential simulations at both gas and liquid densities. Moreover, the discontinuous molecular dynamics approach is demonstrated to be between 3 and 100 times more efficient than the standard molecular dynamics method depending on the specific conditions of the simulation. The rigid discontinuous molecular dynamics method is also applied to a discontinuous-potential model of a liquid composed of rigid benzene molecules, and equilibrium and dynamical properties are shown to be in qualitative agreement with more detailed continuous-potential models of benzene. The few qualitative differences in the angular dynamics of the two models are related to the relatively crude treatment of variations in the discontinuous repulsive interactions as one benzene molecule rotates by another. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.PT: J; CR: ALDER BJ, 1959, J CHEM PHYS, V31, P459 BELLEMANS A, 1980, MOL PHYS, V39, P781 CACELLI I, 2004, J AM CHEM SOC, V126, P14278 CHAPELA GA, 1984, MOL PHYS, V53, P139 CHAPELA GA, 1989, CHEM PHYS, V129, P201 DELAPENA LH, 2007, J CHEM PHYS, V126 DEMICHELE C, 2006, J PHYS CHEM B, V110, P8064 DING F, 2003, PROTEINS, V53, P220 DUANE S, 1987, PHYS LETT B, V195, P216 DULLWEBER A, 1997, J CHEM PHYS, V107, P5840 FALCONE DR, 1967, J PHYS CHEM-US, V71, P2754 MACKERELL AD, 1998, J PHYS CHEM B, V102, P3586 NGUYEN HD, 2006, J AM CHEM SOC, V128, P1890 PRESS WH, 1992, NUMERICLA RECIPES FO RAPAPORT DC, 1979, J CHEM PHYS, V71, P3299 RAPAPORT DC, 2004, ART MOL DYNAMICS SIM VANZON R, CONDMAT0612404 VANZON R, IN PRESS J COMPUT PH ZACHAROPOULOS N, 2005, J CHEM PHYS, V122 ZHOU YQ, 1999, J MOL BIOL, V293, P917; NR: 20; TC: 0; J9: J CHEM PHYS; PG: 12; GA: 138VLSource type: Electronic(1
Prisoners’ gang-related activity: the importance of bullying and moral disengagement
No full textGang-related activity can have a significant impact on the effective management of prisons in the UK, yet little is known about the characteristics of the prisoners involved. I it this study, 141 adult male prisoners' gang-related activity was examined in relation to their bullying behaviour and use of moral disengagement. Results showed that prisoners most involved in gang-related activity were likely to have spent a longer total time in the prison system, be perpetrators of bullying and have high levels of moral disengagement. Findings also show that moral disengagement partially mediates the relationship between bullying and gang-related activity Implications for treatment programmes and the prison estate are discussed
End of life in community hospitals from the perspectives of bereaved family members and carers
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