1,721,279 research outputs found
Formazione universitaria per misure di radon
No full textPresentazione della formazione universitaria che UNIMI eroga per gli studenti che seguono il percorso di Fisica Sanitaria relativamente alla misuazione della radioattività naturale con particolare riferimento alle misure del gas radon per scopi radioprotezionistici
Health Physics Specialization School in Milano
No full textMy contribution has been related to: 1. setting up a Medical Physics program for the Health Physics Specialization School in Israel and 2. preparing the student laboratories at Ben-Gurion University for Health Physics Course paying attention to radioprotection, nuclear measurement laboratory and radionuclides production with particle accelerators. I have brought as an example the organization system developed at the Physics Department of the Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
International Nuclear Chemistry Society : INCS: presente e futuro
No full textL’International Nuclear Chemistry Society, con l’’acronimo INCS, è stata fondata durante il 1 International Nuclear Chemistry Congress – 1st INCC – , che si è tenuto a Kusadasi nel maggio 2005, dal Prof. Turan Unak dell’Università Ege, Bornova, Izmir, Turchia, Presidende sino al 2014. Ora la Presidenza è passata all’Italia.
L’INCS è’ nata con lo scopo di costituire un ponte tra ricercatori, istituzioni, compagnie commerciali e stabilire una forte collaborazione tra di loro. In particolare l’INCS vuole essere un grande ombrello che racchiude e copre sotto di se tutti gli scienziati che sono coinvolti in attività che prevedono lo studio e l’utilizzo della radiazione nucleare in tutti i campi della scienza e della tecnologia per il bene dell’uomo, della società e dell’ambiente
Presente e futuro nell’utilizzo delle risorse energetiche nucleari con una valutazione di rischi e beneficii : l’anomalia del caso italiano
No full textNonostante una opposizione irrazionale e talvolta puramente ideologica, l’energia del nucleo è l’unica soluzione possibile altamente pulita, sicura ed inesauribile per risolvere il problema energetico globale in maniera sostenibile. La quantità di scorie nucleari è minima e può essere ulteriormente trasmutata mediante tecnologie dedicate. I reattori nucleari della nuova generazione possono produrre efficacemente sia elettricità sia idricità risolvendo anche il problema dei trasporti attualmente fortemente dipendente dai combustibili fossili. Purtroppo la sensazione del rischio porta l’umanità a sopravvalutare i rischi di tale fonte energetica ed a sottovalutare ampiamente altri rischi in conseguenza oltre che dell’irrazionalità, anche della disinformazione e talora dell’abitudine consolidata da molti secoli o di storia
The new IUPAC project on "terminology, quantities and units concerning production and applications of radionuclides in radiopharmaceutical and radioanalytical chemistry"
No full textOptimization of the production of non-conventional high specific activity radionuclides for medicine
No full textThe use of radionuclides plays a crucial role in Nuclear Medicine in the areas of diagnostics, of metabolic radiotherapy and of theranostics. To produce each non-conventional radionuclide it is necessary to point out a protocol that provides the optimization of production with high specific activity of the radionuclide of interest, typically through the use of charged-particle accelerators, the development of appropriate radiochemical separations and of a strict quality control system of the product obtained. We will present the case of Zr-89, one of the most promising radionuclide for labelling monoclonal antibodies, bio-distribution studies and immuno-PET imaging
Cyclotron production of high-specific activity radionuclides for methabolic radiotherapy : Re-186g and Lu-177g
No full textNanotoxicology for safe development of nanomaterials: light and shadows
No full textThe nanotech tsunami of engineered nanomaterials (NM) raises the issue of their impact on environmental and human health, being more and more widespread in industrial and biomedical applications, as well as in everyday life. Since emerging evidence that even at the cellular level NM behave differently from the corresponding bulk materials, the protection of public health, consumers and workers in this sector is now a topic of enormous interest that is taken into serious consideration by the competent authorities in charge in environmental and health safety. In this context, it is a decade since nanotoxicology is recognized as a sub-discipline of toxicology with the aim of: obtaining information on adverse effects of NM and the possible ways of contact with humans and the ecosystem; developing appropriate research guidelines; providing a scientific basis to reduce the uncertainty of the risk assessment. Unfortunately, although hazard assessment of NM has made a significant progress, the nanotoxicology has not produced the desired results in terms of scientific knowledge relevant for the risk assessment. This is mainly due to a poor collaboration/communication between the various projects, despite a substantial EU Framework Programme funding in this matter. In particular, although in the last decade some biological effects of NM have been documented we still lack a fundamental understanding about modes of action and mechanisms leading to toxicity and aspects of biokinetics and its impact on toxicity. Moreover, significant uncertainties on methodological framework (incomplete physicochemical characterization, unrealistic doses, different biological models, absence of validated methods) and vague and fragmentary data on NM in consumer products equalize the nanotoxicology to a "fishing trip in the sea of uncertainty", making difficult to support research and regulation.
Herein we discuss: (i) the biological effects of NM as emerged from nanotoxicology research by in vivo and in vitro biological models (ii) key factors concerning the modes of action of NM in relation to their toxicity (physicochemical characterization, interaction with biological fluids, uptake, intracellular trafficking); (iii) concerns about the potential risk as consequence of human exposure to nanoparticles via food and cosmetics; (iv) strategic priorities for future nanotoxicology research, i.e. its evolution from being an observational into a predictive discipline. In this context, the crucial need is to clarify NM toxicity pathways which lead to understanding the molecular fundamentals in groups of NM with marked similarities. This in order to include the mechanistic knowledge in the technology development, to help in the safe design of new NM, and to be into the development of a rational testing approach. In addition, most of the current nanotoxicology research deals with the 1st generation NM. However, 2nd and 3rd generation NM will appear soon on markets and appropriate testing for such NM should be developed.
Nanotoxicology must keep away from two extremes: on one side, to generate superficial information to draw the attention of the media or the public, or to arouse distrust towards nanotechnology for ideological but not scientific reasons; on the other side, to remain silent in front of the conduct of industrial operators more interested in marketing consumer products that have not received the necessary controls. In this context, only a close cooperation between producers, users and researchers in the area of nanosafety will lead to a sustainable and safe development of nanotechnology. In any case, nanotoxicology will play a central role in prevention science if it can give a sound scientific basis and establish itself in the global context as a responsible and independent discipline
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