1,721,051 research outputs found
La tubercolosi ricorrente : recidiva o reinfezione esogena?
Full text linkRecurrent tuberculosis (TB) is an issue that makes worldwide eradication of the disease difficult, especially in countries with a high incidence of TB. Recurrent TB may be due to relapse of the original episode or to an exogenous
reinfection caused by a different strain of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis.
We performed a meta-analysis of selected studies on recurrent TB from 2000 to 2013, adopting molecular genotyping to discriminate between exogenous reinfection and relapses, in order to specifically evaluate the role of HIV infection in the origin of recurrence. Comparison among the studies was limited by the population heterogeneity of the different studies in terms of epidemiology, health status, and diagnostic and therapeutic approach. However, exogenous reinfections are
more common in high-burden countries, where HIV infection plays a major role in increasing the risk of a new
infection. In contrast, this finding was not confirmed in low-burden countries.
Vice versa, globally recognized factors for TB relapse were low compliance to anti-tuberculous treatment,multidrug resistance and persistence of cavitations in the lung parenchyma. The role of other factors like social
conditions (immigration, homelessness, working conditions),co-morbidities (silicosis), and characteristics of
anti-TB treatment is still controversial
Clinical and therapeutic management of pulmonary Mycobacterium xenopi infection in HIV-positive patients
No full textMycobacterial infections in AIDS: an overview of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, therapy and prophylaxis
No full textOne of the most frequent complications of AIDS is Mycobacterial infections. The incidence of tuberculosis has dramatically increased in all countries as a result of the HIV epidemic. Lately, it has been found that the natural history of new Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is accelerated by HIV disease. In a wide number of cases the emergence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis nosocomial outbreaks of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains has been reported in HIV infected patients. The inadequate efforts to provide complete therapy to this kind of patient has caused the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, that is responsible for the increased mortality rate in AIDS patients. A renewed interest in mycobacterial infections has also been kindled by the occurrence of Mycobacterium avium infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The role of Mycobacterium avium as a pathogen is actually confusing and controversial for clinicians who care for AIDS patients. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infections occur in a high population of HIV infected patients with low CD4+ cell count. Recent studies reported that rifabutin significantly reduced the incidence of Mycobacterium avium bacteremia, although, new macrolides such as clarithromycin and azithromycin are also effective in the treatment of the infection. Therefore, because of the emergence of macrolides resistance, the use of combination therapy is highly recommended in the Mycobacterium avium infection management
Optic nerve head tubercular granuloma successfully treated with anti-VEGF intravitreal injections in addition to systemic therapy
No full texturpose: To describe a case of optic nerve head tubercular granuloma, unresponsive to conventional therapy (antitubercular drugs and systemic steroids), successfully treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) intravitreal injections in addition to systemic drugs.
Methods: Case report.
Results: A 44-year-old patient was referred to our clinic for progressive vision decrease in his left eye during the preceding 4 months. A large granuloma infiltrating optic nerve head was visible at funduscopic examination along with diffuse intraocular inflammation. Workup for granulomatous uveitis supported the diagnosis of presumed intraocular tuberculosis. However, the large granulomatous lesion did not show a good response to conventional therapy for tubercular uveitis (antitubercular drugs and systemic steroids). Anti-VEGF (bevacizumab) intravitreal injections were performed as an adjunct to the ongoing therapy. After 2 injections, the patient showed an almost complete regression of the lesion (demonstrated by optical coherence tomography) and a restoration of vision.
Conclusions: Anti-VEGF intravitreal injections should be considered in the treatment of large tubercular granulomatous lesions in addition to conventional systemic therapy. Optical coherence tomography could be a suitable tool for studying and following optic nerve head granulomas
The Usefulness of PCR assay in diagnosing disseminated mycobacterial infection in AIDS patients
No full textMycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive-Unit–Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis and Beijing/W Family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Full text linkComment on: M. Hanekom, G.D. van der Spuy, N. C. Gey van Pittius, C. R. E. McEvoy, S. L. Ndabambi, T.C. Victor, E.G. Hoal, P.D. van Helden, R.M. Warren, Evidence that the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with the Beijing genotype is human population dependent, J Clin Microbiol. 2007 Jul;45(7):2263-6
Cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium gordonae in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient receiving antimycobacterial treatment
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