928 research outputs found
Fire ventilation systems in a metro station equipped platform screen doors
No full textScope of this paper is to analyze a way to investigate an admissible solution for fire ventilation systems installed in a metro station equipped with Platform Screen Doors (PSD). Fire ventilation is related to fire scenarios involving generic events on the rolling stock present in the station. In order to evaluate capability and efficiency of desmoking systems, computational fluid dynamics analysis (CFD) have been developed, using Fire Dynamics Simulator software (FDS). Analysis have involved simulations in a model where different system configurations are applied. In all these models the railway platform area is delimited from the truck area by means of PSD system. System configurations assumed during the design provide for the possibility to operate ventilation from the train side using side and upper ventilation as well as platform level ventilation. Final ventilation strategies using under platform ventilation obtained excellent results in term of smoke and compliance of tenability criteria
Analisis terhadap Perjanjian Asuransi Jiwa yang Ditutup Melalui Telemarketing (Contoh Kasus: PT. Asuransi Cigna Life)/ oleh Devia Buniarto
No full textabstrak (A)Nama: DEVIA BUNIARTO (NIM : 205070126) (B) Judul skripsi: ?Analisis terhadap Perjanjian Asuransi Jiwa yang Ditutup Melalui Telemarketing (Contoh Kasus: PT. Asuransi Cigna Life)? (C) Halaman: ix + 118 + Lampiran + 2011 (D)Kata Kunci: Perjanjian asuransi, Telemarketing (E) Isi: Perkembangan dunia perasuransian diiringi dengan perkembangan metode pemasarannya. Metode pemasaran yang baru digunakan oleh PT Asuransi Cigna Life adalah telemarketing. Melalui metode ini calon tertanggung dapat membeli produk asuransi tanpa perlu menandatangani nota kesepakatan secara tertulis yang mana seperti ditentukan Pasal 258 KUHD yaitu adanya permulaan pembuktian berupa tulisan. Sebagai gantinya rekaman telepon menjadi pengganti nota kesepakatan. Namun ini menimbulkan kasus dimana ada calon tertanggung yang rekeningnya didebet untuk membayar premi padahal Ia tidak paham benar dan mengerti mengenai konsep telemarketing tersebut dan pada dasarnya tidak berniat untuk membeli produk asuransi tersebut. Tentunya perlindungan dan kepastian hukum diperlukan guna menghindari kasus serupa terjadi. Untuk itulah penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian dengan permasalahan Bagaimanakah kedudukan hukum rekaman pembicaraan telepon didalam perjanjian asuransi jiwa sebagai dasar konfirmasi pendebetan rekening calon tertanggung dari PT Asuransi Cigna Life dan bagaiman perlindungan hukum bagi calon tertanggung yang didebet rekeningnya dengan dasar konfirmasi rekaman telepon pada PT Asuransi Cigna Life. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yang bersumber dari data primer dan data sekunder yang dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Kesimpulan dari penulis adalah rekaman telepon dapat menjadi dasar konfirmasi atau alat bukti dalam perjanjian asuransi karena perjanjian asuransi bersifat konsensual dan adanya UU ITE yang mengakui rekaman telepon sebagai alat bukti namun itu harus diiringi kesepakatan dan itikad baik seperti halnya dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPer ayat 1 dan 3. Saran dari penulis agar PT Asuransi Cigna Life dapat menjadikan rekaman telepon sebagai pra perjanjian dan tetap melakukan pertemuan dengan calon tertanggung untuk menandatangani nota kesepakatan agar mendapat kepastian hukum bagi para pihak. (F)Daftar Acuan: 27 (1972-2010) (G)Pembimbing Sri Bakti Yunari, S.H, M.H. (H)Penulis Devia Buniarto. DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR?.....??. i DAFTAR ISI?????.......v ABSTRAK?????????....viii DAFTAR SINGKATAN ??.ix BAB I: PENDAHULUAN A.Latar Belakang ??..??????????????........?????.1 B.Permasalahan ????..?????????........????????..7 C.Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ?????..????????????7 D.Kerangka Konseptual ?????????????..???????...9 E.Metode Penelitian ??????????...???????????...10 F.Sistematika penulisan ?????????...???????????.17 BAB II: KERANGKA TEORITIS A.Asuransi Pada umumnya 1.Dasar Hukum Asuransi........................20 2.Ruang Lingkup Asuransi.....................21 3.Unsur-unsur Asuransi......................24 4.Jenis-jenis atau Bentuk-bentuk Asuransi ........26 5.Perjanjian Asuransi Secara Umum............28 6.Syarat Sahnya Perjanjian Asuransi ............33 7.Prinsip-prinsip Dalam Perjanjian Asuransi .....42 8. Sifat-sifat Perjanjian Asuransi .............46 B.Asuransi Jiwa 1.Perkembangan Asuransi Jiwa di Indonesia .........49 2.Bentuk dan Macam Asuransi Jiwa .................56 3.Bentuk-bentuk Asuransi Jiwa .............57 4. Asas-asas dalam Asuransi Jiwa ..............58 BAB III: DATA HASIL PENELITIAN A.Gambaran Umum 1. PT. Asuransi Cigna Life .........61 2. BMAI (Badan Mediasi Asuransi Indonesia)....64 B.Contoh Kasus 1. Uraian Kasus............................68 2. Keterangan Isi Polis Asuransi Jiwa PT Asuransi Cigna Life ...76 C.Pendapat Para Nara Sumber 1. S. Atalim ....................78 2. Ketut Sendra .................81 3. Custumer Service HALO BCA...........84 BAB IV: ANALISIS A.Analisis mengenai kedudukan hukum rekaman pembicaraan telepon di dalam perjanjian asuransi jiwa sebagai dasar konfirmasi pendebetan rekening calon tertanggung dari PT Asuransi Cigna Life ..............86 B.Analisis mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi calon tertanggung yang didebet rekeningnya dengan dasar konfirmasi via rekaman telepon pada PT. Asuransi Cigna Life ......108 BAB V: PENUTUP A.Kesimpulan ........115 B.Saran ????????117 DAFTAR PUSTAKA DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP LAMPIRA
Port Energy Supply through An LNG-Powered Integrated Grid
No full textPorts are primary importance infrastructures when considering the transportation of people and goods across the planet. Two of the biggest issues linked to harbor areas are the pollutant emissions from moored ships, as well as the huge energy demand coming from ships and other activities that take place inside of the port boundaries. To tackle these challenges, the effort on the ship-side is to promote the transition to Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) propulsion, while on the harbor-side is to implement electrical ship feeding. In general, using LNG for bunkering purposes implies its storage onshore using dedicated tanks. The regasification of LNG in situ can be exploited to cool down a water-brine flow (i.e. ethyl-alcohol and water). The cold brine can be used to increase the efficiency of a standard inverse cycle to produce cold (i.e.-30°C) used for refrigeration purposes inside ports. Then, the NG flow can be used to produce electrical energy with a standard turbogas cycle with energy recovery from flue gases. The generated electricity directly runs the standard inverse cycle with ethyl-alcohol and water brine to completely fulfill the energy demand for cold thermal power. The electricity still available is then used to supply the onboard systems of moored ships, or otherwise is sold to the users operating in the port. The flue gas coming from the turbogas plant can be used to provide both heating and process heat, through a dedicated heat exchanger and a natural gas boiler. The new envisaged plant can exploit all possible useful effects coming from the regasification process, helping to push towards a greener energy management system in harbor areas, through smart operative integration of the several available energy systems and the implementation of efficient energy smart grids
Fair and Sparse Solutions in Network-Decentralized Flow Control
No full textWe proposed network-decentralized control strategies, in which each actuator can exclusively rely on local information, without knowing the network topology and the external input, ensuring that the flow asymptotically converges to the optimal one with respect to the p -norm. For 1 < p < ∞ , the flow converges to a unique constant optimal up∗. We show that the state converges to the optimal Lagrange multiplier of the optimization problem. Then, we consider networks where the flows are affected by unknown spontaneous dynamics and the buffers need to be driven exactly to a desired set-point. We propose a network-decentralized proportional-integral controller that achieves this goal along with asymptotic flow optimality; now it is the integral variable that converges to the optimal Lagrange multiplier. The extreme cases p=1 and p=∞ are of some interest since the former encourages sparsity of the solution while the latter promotes fairness. Unfortunately, for p=1 or p=∞ these strategies become discontinuous and lead to chattering of the flow, hence no optimality is achieved. We then show how to approximately achieve the goal as the limit for p 1 or p ∞.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Team Tamas Keviczk
Cardinal orientation and melting temperature effects for PCM-enhanced light-walls in different climates
No full textThe use of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in buildings, aimed at peak shavings and energy savings, has a long history and many applications. In the last decade, the use of PCMs embedded in thermal insulation layers for building envelopes become an interesting option for lightweight structures. Nevertheless, the possibility of profitably exploiting the thermal properties of PCMs is strongly affected by the harmonised combination of the parameters that determine the thermal consumption of the building. In order to analyse the effects of a PCM insulation layer in detail, this paper presents a complete dynamic model of a typical lightweight wall, containing a layer of PCMs, using a thermal model which also considers the hysteresis of specific heats. Five different cases were evaluated to study the effect of PCM positioning on energy utilisation in two different climates (Würzburg, Germany and Denver, USA), considering the effect of solar radiation on differently oriented walls, in summer. Results confirmed that the strong non-linearity of the PCMs’ behaviour and of the weather boundary condition deeply affect the thermal performance of the building, being the main reason for this effect an increase of the thermal capacity of the PCM layer and the external temperature
Assessing environmental benefits of the transition from standard fossil fuels to liquefied natural gas: The Sardinia Region case study
No full textThe ever-increasing attention to environmental pollution and the greenhouse effect, together with the need to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, has led to a general enforcement of stricter legislation worldwide which imposes the adoption of more efficient and sustainable solutions in many different fields. The use of traditional fossil fuels must be reduced, favoring both renewable energy sources and alternative fuels. This paper outlines a procedure for calculating the environmental advantages of using liquified natural gas (LNG) instead of traditional fossil fuels in terms of reduced emissions: it is based on the choice and application of emission factors (EFs), available through a dedicated and extensive database managed and updated by the European Environmental Agency (EEA). Whenever the EF database lacks data, additional literature studies and databases are used to integrate the missing information. The proposed methodology is then applied to the Sardinia Region: starting from data regarding regional energy needs, the emissions deriving from the current situation are calculated to define a reference point to be compared with two forecast scenarios. These assume that, over a 10-year horizon, certain shares of fossil fuels will be substituted by LNG. Comparisons are made between the emission levels of six different compounds (PM2.5, PM10, CO, CO2, NOX, SOX) showing that, overall, LNG adoption can be considered effective in reducing air pollution for the compounds considered. In particular, as an example, reductions of up to 70 % of PMs and 38 % of CO2 can be achieved for the thermoelectric sector, whereas for the transportation sector the reductions of the same compounds can be respectively 15 % and 10 %
Dynamic Modelling of LNG Powered Combined Energy Systems in Port Areas
No full textLiquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a crucial resource to reduce the environmental impact of fossil-fueled vehicles, especially with regards to maritime transport, where LNG is increasingly used for ship bunkering. The present paper gives insights on how the installation of LNG tanks inside harbors can be capitalized to increase the energy efficiency of port cities and reduce GHG emissions. To this purpose, a novel integrated energy system is introduced. The Boil Off Gas (BOG) from LNG tanks is exploited in a combined plant, where heat and power are produced by a regenerated gas turbine cycle; at the same time, cold exergy from LNG regasification contributes to an increase in the efficiency of a vapor compression refrigeration cycle. In the paper, the integrated energy system is simulated by means of dynamic modeling under daily variable working conditions. Results confirm that the model is stable and able to determine the time behavior of the integrated plant. Energy saving is evaluated, and daily trends of key thermophysical parameters are reported and discussed. The analysis of thermal recovering from the flue gases shows that it is possible to recover a large energy share from the turbine exhausts. Hence, the system can generate electricity for port cold ironing and, through a secondary brine loop, cold exergy for a refrigeration plant. Overall, the proposed solution allows primary energy savings up to 22% when compared with equivalent standard technologies with the same final user needs. The exploitation of an LNG regasification process through smart integration of energy systems and implementation of efficient energy grids can contribute to greener energy management in harbors
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