1,720,983 research outputs found
Epidemiological data on chemical poisoning of animals: a source for risk assessment
No full textChemicals, included in the category of pesticides (n.1159 cases), insecticides, rodenticides, molluscicides, herbicides and fungicides, and household products (n. 191 cases), are among the main classes involved in animal poisoning. Epidemiological studies were carried out from 2010 to 2013 based on the Human Poison Control Centre of Milan (Centro Antiveleni di Milano, CAV) data related to domestic animal poisoning, in collaboration with the Veterinary Toxicology Section of the University of Milan. Data, processed for epidemiological analysis and evaluated in terms of the animal species, toxic substance, clinical signs and final outcome, were classified and represent an interesting database of chemical exposure. Most of the suspected poisoning cases were related to anticholinesterase insecticides, carbamates (methomyl), organophosphates (chlorpyriphos), and pyrethrins-pyrethroids. Frequently reported cases involved rodenticides such as anticoagulants, zinc phosphide, chlorophacinone, α-chloralose together with the molluscicides metaldehyde and methiocarb, in cases involving pets. Occasionally, the herbicides paraquat and glyphosate and fungicides like copper sulphate, copper oxychloride, ziram were reported. Caustic agents like sodium hydroxide, a drain cleaner also known as caustic soda and detergents and other frequent household toxicants such as solvents (hydrocarbons) used in paints and domestic fuel, fertilizers and ethylene glycol, used as an anti-freeze, are culprits causing intoxication. Epidemiological data collected can be a useful source and a key tool for chemical risk assessment.
References:
Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Rivolta M, Davanzo F Animal poisoning in Italy: 10 years of epidemiological data from the Poison Control Centre of Milan, 2012, Veterinary record 170, 415
Caloni F Berny P, Croubels S, Sachana M,Guitart R Epidemiology of poisonings in Europe, 2012, Chapter 7 pp 88-97 Veterinary Toxicology, Editor R. Gupta,2nd Edition
Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Rivolta M, Panzavolta G, Falciola C, Davanzo F Poisoning of domestic animals: 2011 data from poison control centre of Milan, 2012, Toxicology letters, 214, 211S
Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Rivolta M, Davanzo F. Poisoning of domestic animals data from Poison Control Centre of Milan, 2012, Toxicology letters, 221, S25
Epidemiologia degli avvelenamenti da pesticidi negli animali domestici in Italia
No full textDati epidemiologici relativi alle intossicazioni negli animali domestici hanno dimostrato che i pesticidi rappresentano una delle classi di maggior frequenza seguita da farmaci, prodotti ad uso domestico, household, e piante (Caloni et al., 2012, Caloni et al., 2013; Caloni et al., 2014). Nel periodo compreso tra 1 gennaio 2012 e 31 dicembre 2013, il Centro Antiveleni di Milano (CAV) ha registrato 222 casi di intossicazione da pesticidi corrispondenti al 39% delle intossicazioni totali. Il cane è risultata la specie maggiormente esposta con l'85,1% di chiamate, seguita dal gatto (11,3%) e altre specie (3,6%). Nell'ambito dei pesticidi gli insetticidi hanno rappresentato il 42%, seguiti dai rodenticidi (26,1%), erbicidi (14,9%), molluschicidi (8,1%) e fungicidi (5,9%). Gli insetticidi maggiormente coinvolti sono risultati i piretroidi (35%) e organofosforati (11%). La frequenza di chiamate relative ai neonicotinoidi (10%), superiori ai carbamati (6%) e organoclorurati (2%), è indicativo di un elevato impiego in ambiente domestico di questi pesticidi. Nell'ambito dei rodenticidi, i composti più frequentemente responsabili di intossicazione sono stati i rodenticidi
anticoagulanti come bromadiolone e brodifacoum. Per quanto riguarda gli erbicidi, responsabili di un numero sempre più crescente di intossicazioni, sono stati riportati diversi casi di avvelenamento da glifosato (64% delle chiamate), un erbicida ad ampio spettro, largamente impiegato. La metaldeide, è risultata sempre il molluschicida per il quale sono state registrate il maggior numero di chiamate (50%) e per i fungicidi i composti del rame, a seguito di esposizione per via orale, hanno rappresentato il 77% delle intossicazioni. Queste informazioni, da una parte confermano i dati già riportati in altre indagini (Caloni et al., 2012), dall'altra rivelano un andamento di notevole interesse, riportando un aumento dell'esposizione degli animali domestici ad alcune sostanze
(neonicotinoidi, glifosato), rispetto ad altre (organoclorurati), fornendo indicazioni per la valutazione delle intossicazioni in ambito veterinario.
Bibliografia
- Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Rivolta M, Davanzo F. Epidemiological study (2006-2012) on the poisoning of small
animals by human and veterinary drugs. Vet Rec. 2014 Mar 1;174(9):222. Pubmed PMID: 24477472.
- Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Rivolta M, Alonge S, Davanzo F. Plant poisoning in domestic animals: epidemiological data from
an Italian survey (2000-2011). Vet Rec. 2013 Jun 1;172(22):580. Pubmed PMID: 23716536.
- Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Rivolta M, Davanzo F. Animal poisoning in Italy: 10 years of epidemiological data from the
Poison Control Centre of Milan. Vet Rec. 2012 Apr 21;170(16):415. Pubmed PMID: 22271801
Animal poisoning in Italy : 10 years of epidemiological data from the Poison control centre of Milan
No full textFrom 2000 to 2010, the Poison Control Centre of Milan (CAV), in collaboration with the University of Milan, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Sciences and Technologies for Food Safety, Toxicology Section, collected epidemiological information related to animal poisoning and classified it in an organised and computerised data bank. Data recorded were predominantly related to small animals and to some extent to horses, ruminants and other food-production animals. Few calls were registered involving exotics and no information was recorded on wildlife. The dog was reported to be the most common species involved in animal poisoning, and pesticides constituted the primary group of toxicants. In the case of pets, 'drugs' including veterinary parasiticide and drugs for human use constituted the second class of toxicants responsible for poisoning followed by household products, plants, zootoxins and metals. With regard to horses and farm animals, the second group consisted of phytotoxins, even if only episodically. In Italy, published data on this subject are scarce but this information is crucial for better management of the poisoning of domestic animals in an effort to reduce mortality
Epidemiological study (2006-2012) on the poisoning of small animals by human and veterinary drugs
No full textA retrospective study was conducted on the exposure of dogs and cats to drugs, reported to the Poison Control Centre of Milan (Centro Antiveleni di Milano (CAV)) between January 2006 and December 2012. Calls related to drugs for human use and veterinary drugs accounted for 23.7 per cent of total inquiries (1415) received by CAV and mostly involved dogs (70 per cent of enquiries). Exposure to drugs for human use accounted for 79 per cent of cases involving dogs, whereas veterinary drugs were the main culprit (77 per cent) in the case of cats. The most common class of drugs for human use proved to be CNS drugs (26.8 per cent), followed by NSAIDs (19.6 per cent) and cardiovascular and endocrine drugs (12.9 per cent each). The majority of calls (95.2 per cent) related to veterinary drugs involved dogs and cats exposed to parasiticides. The outcome was reported in only 58.2 per cent of cases, and fatal poisoning accounted for 8.7 per cent of these cases. Epidemiological data from this Italian survey provide useful information on animal exposure to drugs. The knowledge of agents involved in poisoning episodes can help veterinarians make the correct diagnosis and institute preventive measures to possibly reduce animal exposure to drugs
Poisoning of domestic animals : 2014 data from Poison Control Centre of Milan
No full textPoisoning is a relative common occurrence in domestic animals as they may easily come into contact with a wide variety of possible toxicants especially within the home environment. In the present study, the data on animal poisoning collected by the Human Poison Control Centre of Milan (MPPC) from January 2014 to December 2014 were retrospectively analysed. For each enquiry received by MPCC, data such as animal characteristics (species/breed), causative agents, routes of exposure, clinical signs and therapy were registered in a standard report form and after a complete follow-up entered on to the MPCC database. In total, MPCC recorded 345 cases of animal poisoning involving primarily dogs (83.8%) and cats (13.9%). Enquiries related to other species were much fewer in comparison and involved cattle (0.9%), sheep (0.6%), horses (0.3%), rabbits (0.3%) and parrots (0.3%). The most common route of exposure was oral (90.7%) followed by cutaneous (2.6%). Pesticides were the primary cause of poisoning (33.6%) followed by household products (26.7%), drugs (22.9%), plants (9.3%), zootoxins (1.8%), foods (1.7%) and metals (1.4%). In the category of pesticides, insecticides were at the top of the list (39.7%) followed by rodenticides (26.7%), molluscicides (12.1%), herbicides (11.2%) and fungicides (10.3%). The outcome was reported in only 60.9% of cases and fatal poisoning accounted for 8.1% of these cases. The epidemiological data collected provide a general overview of the poisoning of domestic animals and can be used to determine trends and identify emerging toxicants
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