557 research outputs found
The Afterlife of Dante’s Vita Nova in the Anglophone World: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Translation and Reception History
No full textThis volume provides the first systematic study of the translation and reception of Dante’s Vita Nova in the Anglophone world, reconstructing for the first time the contexts and genesis of its English-language afterlife from the early nineteenth century to the present day.
Dante is one of the foremost authors of the Western canon, and his Vita Nova has been repeatedly translated into English over the past two centuries. However, there exists no comprehensive account of the critical, scholarly, and creative English-language reception of Dante’s work. This collection brings together scholars from Dante studies, translation studies, English studies, and book history to examine the translation and reception of the Vita Nova among modern English-speaking publics, in both academic and non-academic contexts, and thus represents a major contribution to Dante studies.
The Afterlife of Dante’s Vita Nova in the Anglophone World will be an essential reference point for scholars and students in English and Italian studies, literary and cultural studies, and translation and reception studies in the UK, Ireland, the USA, and Italy, where Dante is taught and researched
Intraoperative nociception. “If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it”
No full textIn clinical practice, analgesia is still empirically monitored by using variation of heart rate, blood pressure, and sweating, as the result of the sympathetic activation, or movements. The challenge of monitoring analgesia in anesthetized patients is related to the interference of hypnosis and cardiovascular drugs used during general anesthesia, and to the rapid changes of the sympathetic system activation observed during surgery. Clinical studies showed that the ANI, the SPI, and pupillary dilatation were superior to clinical signs in detecting changes in the antinociception nociception balance in patients undergoing total general anesthesia. The role of currently available devices for intraoperative nociception monitoring is still unclear, but, for adequate analgesia management during surgery, the need for an objective measurement as an alternative to the current clinical standard of care is imminent
The use of saliva to soothe blood-sucking arthropod bites and the transmission of Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8).
No full textObjectives: The transmission of HHV-8, previously considered a sexually transmitted virus, sometimes appears strictly related to the child’s hypersensitivity response to the bite of a blood feeding arthropod and to the mother’s (or caregiver’s) habits of attempting to relieve itching and reduce scratching, contaminating the bite site with infected saliva (Coluzzi et al. 2002; 2003). Saliva seems to play a major role in the viral transmission and appears to be the reservoir body fluid for HHV-8 (Taylor et al. 2004). In order to confirm the promoter arthropod hypothesis we carried out surveys with questionnaires
The anglophone Vita Nova: translators and readers
No full textThis chapter sets out the rationale for this volume. Despite some significant studies on the English reception of the Vita Nova, there is no comprehensive book that systematically examines significant and representative translations, drawing on a number of different fields, from Dante Studies and English Studies to Translation Studies and Book History Studies. The chapter presents the structure of the book, which is articulated in three parts, roughly corresponding to the nineteenth century; the first half of the twentieth century; and postwar to the present. It, furthermore, summarizes key issues treated in the 12 chapters of the volume, and contextualizes the English-language translations within global translations of the Vita Nova
The potential role of dual mechanistic opioids in combating opioid misuse
No full textPurpose: In the last years, the consumption of opioid analgesics in western countries, particularly in USA, has dramatically increased, and this rise has been paralleled by a proportional number of opioid-related deaths. To response to this health crisis, opioid guidelines have been developed to reduce the risk of harm related to opioid prescribing. Many activities have been suggested to face opioid epidemic. Clinicians should find a proper balance that meets the patient’s need for pain relief while minimizing abuse. The aim of this review was to examine the value of so-called dual opioids in this context Recent Findings: Many activities have been suggested to face opioid epidemic. Clinicians should find a proper balance that meets the patient’s need for pain relief while minimizing abuse. Dual mechanistic opioids, including tramadol and tapentadol, could be less appealing for opioid abusers, because of the reduced mu-load. Significant differences have been observed in post-marketing surveillance between tramadol and tapentadol, in favor of the latter. Summary: Further investigations are warranted for clarifying the role of innovative molecules for preventing opioid abuse
Tapentadol in the management of cancer pain: current evidence and future perspectives
No full textHans G Kress,1 Flaminia Coluzzi2 1Department of Special Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Medical University, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria; 2Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy Abstract: Thanks to the progress in early diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the life expectancy of cancer patients has now increased. Patients are, therefore, more likely to experience their individual cancer pain as a chronic pain. As a consequence, long-term treatment of cancer-related pain and oncological therapy-related pain are a major need for all patients and a challenge to all healthcare professionals. Tapentadol is a centrally acting analgesic drug characterized by two synergistic mechanisms of action, since it acts at the µ-opioid receptor (MOR) and inhibits noradrenalin re-uptake (NRI). Therefore, tapentadol has been considered the first of a new class of drugs, MOR-NRI. Tapentadol has been tested in different populations of cancer patients (opioid-naive and -pretreated), such as those with pain of mixed etiology, patients with pain from hematological malignancies and patients experiencing pain conditions due to anticancer treatment. According to available evidence, tapentadol prolonged release was well tolerated and effective in cancer pain patients. In randomized, double-blind and active-controlled trials it proved non-inferior to standard opioids like morphine or oxycodone in the management of moderate-to-severe cancer pain, both in opioid-naive and in opioid-pretreated patients. The good analgesic efficacy may be partly due to the action of tapentadol on neuropathic pain components. Together with the low rate of gastrointestinal adverse effects and the overall favorable safety profile, tapentadol can be considered a good option in cancer pain patients, who can suffer frequently from nausea, vomiting, constipation or other events that further reduce their quality of life. Keywords: cancer pain, tapentadol, neuropathic pai
From acute to chronic pain: tapentadol in the progressive stages of this disease entity
No full textOBJECTIVE:
Chronic pain is now recognized as a neural disease, which results from a maladaptive functional and structural transformation process occurring over time. In its chronic phase, pain is not just a symptom but also a disease entity. Therefore, pain must be properly addressed, as many patients still report unsatisfactory pain control despite on-going treatment. The selection of the therapy - taking into account the pathophysiological mechanisms of pain - and the right timing can result in a successful analgesic outcome. This review will present the functional and structural modifications leading to chronification of pain, focusing on the role of tapentadol in this setting.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
For inclusion in this review, research studies were retrieved via a keyword-based query of multiple databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane). The search was last updated in November 2016; no limitations were applied.
RESULTS:
Functional and structural abnormalities of the nervous system associated with pain chronification have been reported in several conditions, including osteoarthritis, chronic back pain, chronic pelvic pain and fibromyalgia. Correct identification and treatment of pain in recurrent/progressive stage is crucial to prevent chronification and related changes in neural structures. Among analgesic drugs, tapentadol, with its dual mechanism of action (opioid agonist and noradrenaline reuptake blocker), has recently resulted active in pain control at both central and spinal level.
CONCLUSIONS:
Tapentadol represents a suitable candidate for patients at early progressive stage of pain who have developed neuroplasticity with modification of pain pathways. The availability of different doses of tapentadol may help clinicians to tailor treatment based on the individual need of each patient, with the aim to enhance therapeutic appropriateness in the treatment of musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain
Managing chronic pain patients at the time of covid-19 pandemic
No full textCOVID-19 is imposing unprecedented stress on our healthcare system but in some cases these
changes, such as more telemedicine for pain management, may be valuable paradigm shifts that shape the future of modern medicine. Pain does not stop for the pandemic and pain care must continue as well
Common Clinical Practice for Opioid-Induced Constipation: A Physician Survey
No full textFlaminia Coluzzi,1,2 Domenico Alvaro,3 Augusto Tommaso Caraceni,4 Walter Gianni,5 Franco Marinangeli,6 Giuseppe Massazza,7 Carmine Pinto,8 Giustino Varrassi,9 Fabio Lugoboni10 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, LT, Italy; 2Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, Rome, RM, Italy; 3Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, RM, Italy; 4Palliative Care, Pain Therapy, and Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, MI, Italy; 5Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, RM, Italy; 6Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, and Palliative care, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, AQ, Italy; 7Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin and “Città della Salute e della Scienza” University Hospital, Torino, TO, Italy; 8Medical Oncology Unit, Clinical Cancer Center, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, RE, Italy; 9Fondazione Paolo Procacci, Rome, RM, Italy; 10Department of Medicine, Addiction Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, VR, ItalyCorrespondence: Flaminia ColuzziDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina, LT, 04100, ItalyTel +39 06 33775673Email [email protected]: Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) remains an important clinical obstacle despite the availability of several guidelines and pharmacological options for its management. Here, we surveyed common practices and perceptions about OIC among physicians who prescribe opioids in Italy.Methods: The online survey included 26 questions about OIC. Responses were analyzed descriptively and aggregated by physician specialty.Results: A total of 501 physicians completed the survey. Most respondents (67%) did not feel adequately educated about OIC despite general consensus regarding interest in the topic. Overall, 62– 75% of physicians regularly evaluated intestinal function or OIC symptoms in patients receiving opioid therapy. The most common method for assessment was patient diary; few physicians used a validated instrument such as the Rome IV criteria. Psychiatrists and addiction specialists showed the lowest interest and poorest practices. Most respondents (78%) preferred macrogol prophylaxis followed by macrogol plus another laxative for first-line treatment of OIC symptoms. Peripheral-acting mu opioid receptor antagonists (PAMORAs) were not widely used among physicians; 61% had never prescribed a PAMORA for OIC.Conclusion: Our findings reveal important differences in clinical practice for OIC across physician specialties. Additional formative efforts are necessary to improve awareness about best practices in OIC.Keywords: chronic pain, opioid, opioid-induced constipation, peripherally acting mu opioid receptor antagonis
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