947 research outputs found
Sound Conclusions: How Splenic Elastography May Decrease the Need for Endoscopic Variceal Surveillance
No full textNON DISPONIBIL
Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after HCV eradication: Determining the role of portal hypertension by measuring spleen stiffness
No full textBackground & Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) reduces but does not eliminate the risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The development of surveillance strategies for HCC after the sustained virologic response (SVR) is therefore warranted. We aimed to evaluate the role of spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) in the prediction of HCC risk in a cohort of patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) treated with DAAs. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 140 patients with HCV-related ACLD successfully treated with DAAs in our centre between 2015 and 2017. Patients with available liver stiffness (LSM) and SSM before treatment and 6 months after (SVR24) were included. A Cox regression model investigated the association between SSM and HCC development. Results: During a median follow-up of 41.5 (IQR 32–49) months, 20 patients presented with HCC. SSM at SVR24 predicted HCC development in univariate and adjusted multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 1.025; 95% CI: 1.001–1.050); the best cut-off was 42 kPa. Patients with LSM-SVR24 ≤10 kPa were at the lowest risk of HCC. In patients with LSM-SVR24 >10 kPa, HCC incidence was not further influenced by LSM values (10–20 kPa vs. >20 kPa), but only by SSM-SVR24 values (≤42 vs. >42 kPa). Conclusions: Portal hypertension, as evaluated by SSM, plays a significant role in liver carcinogenesis after DAA treatment. We proposed a new algorithm based on post-treatment values of LSM and SSM for the stratification of HCC risk after SVR achievement. Lay summary: Spleen stiffness predicts the development of hepatocellular carcinoma after viral eradication, especially in patients with post-treatment liver stiffness values >10 kPa. An algorithm based on liver and spleen stiffness can stratify for the risk of liver cancer development and guide the surveillance strategies after treatment with direct-acting antivirals
Traditional and Deep Learning Approaches to Information and Influence Propagation in Social Networks
No full textSocial network analysis is an interdisciplinary topic attracting researchers from biology, economics, psychology, and machine learning. It has attracted interests from both the research and business communities for a strong potential and variety of applications. Also, this interest has been fueled by the large success of online social networking sites and the subsequent abundance of social network data produced. An important aspect in this research field is influence maximization in social networks. The goal is to find a set of individuals to be targeted, with the aim to drive social contagion and generate a diffusion cascade. We provide here an overview of the models and approaches used to analyze interaction networks. The challenges this problem introduces are recently being tackled using Deep Learning approaches such as Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) which are particularly suited to model sequence input
Clinical outcomes after treatment with direct-acting antivirals: not all concern hepatocellular carcinoma risk.
No full textN/
On the frequency distribution of neutral particles from low-energy strong interactions
No full textCopyright © 2017 Federico Colecchia and Akram Khan. The rejection of the contamination, or background, from low-energy strong interactions at hadron collider experiments is a topic that has received significant attention in the field of particle physics. This article builds on a particle-level view of collision events, in line with recently-proposed subtraction methods. While conventional techniques in the field usually concentrate on probability distributions, our study is, to our knowledge, the first attempt at estimating the frequency distribution of background particles across the kinematic space inside individual collision events. In fact, while the probability distribution can generally be estimated given a model of low-energy strong interactions, the corresponding frequency distribution inside a single event typically deviates from the average and cannot be predicted a priori. We present preliminary results in this direction, and establish a connection between our technique and the particle weighting methods that have been the subject of recent investigation at the Large Hadron Collider
The role of liver and spleen elastography in advanced chronic liver disease
No full textPortal hypertension is the main driver of complications in patients with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). In the last decade, many non-invasive tests, such us liver and spleen elastography, have been proposed and validated for the identification of patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) and its complications, mainly hepatic decompensation and liver-related morbidity and mortality. Moreover, elastography accurately stratifies for the risk of HCC development, HCC recurrence and decompensation after liver surgery. Recent studies suggest a role of SSM in monitoring response to treatments and interventions in ACLD, such as viral eradication, non-selective beta-blockers and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement. However, one of the most indications to perform elastography in ACLD still remains the screening for esophageal varices. In fact, according to the Baveno VIconsensus, liver stiffness measurement (LSM) 20 kPa and platelet count 150,000/mm3 can safely identify patients at low risk of varices requiring treatment (VNT) and could therefore avoid invasive upper invasive endoscopy; LSM20-25 kPa can accurately rule-in CSPH in patients with viral etiology. Spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) is a direct surrogate of portal hypertension and has been demonstrated more accurate in predicting portal hypertension severity and VNT. Acombined model including Baveno VI Criteria and SSM (46 kPa) can significantly increase the number of spared endoscopies (40-50%), maintaining a low (5%) of missed VNT
Imaging in Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease/Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome
No full textVeno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) is a potentially life-threatening complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation. Early diagnosis and, subsequently, earlier intervention have been shown to be beneficial to clinical outcomes. Diagnostic criteria from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation include recommendations on the use of imaging for diagnosis. This review discusses evidence on the use of imaging in the management of VOD/SOS and how imaging biomarkers can contribute to earlier diagnosis/treatment
APSAT 1. Teoria e metodi della ricerca sui paesaggi d'altura
No full textPrimo di una serie di volumi incentrati sulle ricerche condotte all’interno del progetto APSAT (‘Ambiente e Paesaggi dei Siti d’Altura Trentini’), il volume contiene alcuni contributi presentati alla Summer School sul tema The Archaeology of Mountain Landscape, svoltasi a Pannone di Val di Gresta dal 20 al 24 luglio 2009, e due relazioni di giovani ricercatori coinvolti nelle ricerche sul Trentino
Liver and Spleen Stiffness in Vascular Liver Disease
No full textVascular liver disease related to portal hypertension is an exciting and not completely studied issue that includes the most common manifestations of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, acute non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis (NCPVT), extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), and idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH)
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