287 research outputs found
Emerging concepts about prenatal genesis, aberrant metabolism and treatment paradigms in polycystic ovary syndrome
No full textThe interactive nature of the 8th Annual Meeting of the Androgen Excess and PCOS Society Annual Meeting in Munich, Germany (AEPCOS 2010) and subsequent exchanges between speakers led to emerging concepts in PCOS regarding its genesis, metabolic dysfunction, and clinical treatment of inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, anovulation and hirsutism. Transition of care in congenital adrenal hyperplasia from pediatric to adult providers emerged as a potential model for care transition involving PCOS adolescents.Selma F. Witchel, Sergio E. Recabarren, Frank González, Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis, Kai I. Cheang, Antoni J. Duleba, Richard S. Legro, Roy Homburg, Renato Pasquali, Rogerio A. Lobo, Christos C. Zouboulis, Fahrettin Kelestimur, Franca Fruzzetti, Walter Futterweit, Robert J. Norman, David H. Abbot
Chthamalus williamsi Chan & Cheang, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textChthamalus williamsi sp. nov. Figures 2–5 Material examined. Holotype. NMNS-006534-00001. Intertidal rocks (low shores, at the same tidal zone as Megabalanus volcano) at Shi-Ti-Ping, Hualien, Taiwan (23 ° 29.30 ’N, 121 ° 30.30 ’E, 12 May 2009). Paratype. NMNS-006534-00002. Cheng Gong, Taitung, Taiwan (23 °05.46’N, 121 ° 22.33 ’E, 0 2 Sep. 2008). Paratype. ASIZCR-000328. Cheng Gong, Taitung, Taiwan (23 °05.46’N, 121 ° 22.33 ’E, 0 2 Sep. 2008). Diagnosis. Shell conical; 6 plates, external surfaces white, smooth or with faint ribs; scutum equilateral triangular, tergal articular margin straight, external surface of scutum with horizontal striations; tergum triangular, scutal articular margin straight, spur blunt. Description. Shell small, about 3.0 mm basal diameter, conical; 6 plates (rostrum, carina, paired lateral and paired rostral-lateral; Fig. 2 A–D), externally white, surface smooth or with faint ribs, inner operculum pale orangecoloured; carina and rostrum with a pair of alae, carina short and wide, alae large; rostrum long and narrow, alae large; rostral-lateral triangular, interior surface with central mid rib, radii wide; lateral base wide, alae and radii present (Fig. 2 D); scutum white, triangular, tergal articular margin straight, perpendicular to basal margin, articular ridge not prominent, long with length extending 2 / 3 length of tergal articular margin, articular furrow narrow, deep, occludent margin inclined with fine teeth, scutal adductor scar oval, obvious, external surface of scutum with horizontal striations (Fig. 2 E, F); tergum white, triangular, scutal articular margin straight, extending down to spur, spur blunt, wide, about ½ width of basal margin, articular furrow wide, shallow, basal margin slightly concave (Fig. 2 E, F), 5 fine depressor crests at basal margin, external surface striated. Cirrus I without conical spines on dorsal surface, posterior ramus 5 -segmented, anterior ramus 6 -segmented (Fig. 3 A), both rami with serrulate setae, setae without basal guard (Fig. 4 A–C); cirrus II, anterior ramus 5 - segmented, posterior ramus 7 -segmented (Fig. 3 B), both rami with 2 types of serrulate setae, bidentate and plumose setae, all setae without basal guard (Figs 4 D–F, 5 K, L); cirrus III with rami equal length, anterior ramus 14 -segmented, posterior ramus 12 -segmented (Figs 3 C, 4 G), intermediate segments of cirrus III composed of 5 pairs of long serrulate setae (Fig. 4 H, I); cirrus IV with anterior ramus 14 -segmented, posterior ramus 15 - segmented (Fig. 3 D); cirrus V with anterior ramus 18 -segmented, posterior ramus 15 -segmented (Fig. 3 E), intermediate segments of both rami with 3 pairs of long serrulate setae and 2 pairs of shorter setae (Fig. 4 J); cirrus VI with anterior ramus 19 -segmented, posterior ramus 17 -segmented, intermediate segments of anterior and posterior rami composed of 3 pairs of long serrulate setae and 2 pairs of shorter setae (Fig. 4 K); penis long, slender, sparse setae along length, tip with dense bundle of setae (Fig. 5 I, J). Maxilla bilobed, serrulate setae on both lobes (Fig. 5 A, B); maxillule notched, 3 large setae above notch, 16 setae below notch (Fig. 5 C, D); mandible with 4 teeth, fourth bidentate, lower margin straight, with 14 setae, inferior angle with pair of large setae (Fig. 5 E, F); labrum concave, notch absent, dense setae at mid region of cutting margin, latter with numerous fine teeth (Fig. 5 G, H). Etymology. Chthamalus williamsi is named in honour of Prof. Gray A. Williams, Director of the Swire Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Science, the University of Hong Kong, for life-long friendship and mentorship with the first author and for his contributions to the intertidal ecology in the South China Sea. Distribution. Chthamalus williamsi sp. nov. is common inside crevices of the mid shore of the intertidal zone, and on the shell surfaces of the barnacle Megabalanus volcano (Pilsbry, 1916) and M. tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) on low shores of the eastern waters of Taiwan. Chthamalus williamsi has not been identified previously from Taiwan as it is not easily spotted, due to its small size and low shore location. This species is absent from the N and NE coasts of Taiwan although intensive sampling was conducted (Fig. 1), suggesting its distribution may be associated with the Kuroshio Current. Molecular analysis. From both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees of a COI region, Chthamalus williamsi shows a distinct divergence from C. challengeri, C. dalli, C. moro, C. malayensis and C. sinensis (sequence divergence> 0.13 K 2 P distance from all the Chthamalus species compared; Table 1). Chthamalus sinensis and C. neglectus grouped in the same clade, suggesting C. neglectus is a synonym of C. sinensis (see Liu & Ren 2007 for synonyms of C. neglectus and C. sinensis).Published as part of Chan, Benny K. K. & Cheang, Chi Chiu, 2015, A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the challengeri subgroup on Taiwan rocky intertidal shores, pp. 547-558 in Zootaxa 4000 (5) on pages 549-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23674
Newmanella spinosus Chan & Cheang, 2016, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Newmanella spinosus</i> sp. nov. <p>Figures 9–15</p> <p> <i>Newmanella radiata</i>.— Chan <i>et al</i>. 2009: 199, fig. 170 (non <i>N. radiata</i> (Bruguière 1789)).—Shuto & Hayashi 2013: 159, fig. 3c (non <i>N. radiata</i> (Bruguière 1789)).</p> <p> <i>Newmanella</i> sp. Tsang <i>et al.</i>, 2015: 325 fig. 1A, 327 fig. 2.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype. NMNS-006535-00001. 1 specimen. Shih-Ti-Ping Harbor, Hualien County, Taiwan 23°29’39.4”N 121°30’20.0”E (23 Mar. 2007). Paratype. NMNS-006535-00002. 2 specimens. Cheng Gong, Taitung County, Taiwan (23°11.27’N, 121°33.27’E, 12 Mar. 2009). CEL-New-sp-14. 1 specimen. Turtle Island, Yilan County, Taiwan (10 Sep. 2007). CEL-New-sp-15. 1 specimen. Citou Penghu County, Taiwan (25 Feb. 2011). CEL-New-sp- 16-22. 7 specimens. Hepingdao, Keelung City, Taiwan (2–3 Mar. 2007). CEL-New-sp- 23-25. 3 specimens. Data same as holotype. CEL-New-G63-2, 3, 5. 3 specimens. Site 10, Puerto Galera, the Philippines 13°30.01’N, 120°58.11’E (4 Jun. 2009). CEL-New-sp-1, 2, 3, 5. 4 specimens. Data same as holotype. CEL-Newsp-6-10. 5 specimens. Data same as paratype.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Parietes green, or with white and green radiating lines. Depressor muscle crests on scutum very deep. Anterior and posterior rami of cirrus II and posterior ramus of cirrus IV bearing triangular spines. Fourth and fifth teeth of mandible separated, fifth located in middle portion of the lower margin. Cutting edge of maxillule below notch protruding.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Shell green, low conic; surface squamose or smooth with radiating lines which branch basally (Fig. 9 A, F). Orifice pentagonal, diamond-shaped; radii broad with horizontal striations, summits oblique (Fig. 9 A, B, F); summits of alae less oblique than summits of radii (Fig. 9 G). Base of parietes with more than 1 row of irregularly sized tubes, shell basis calcareous (Fig. 9 B). Scutum narrow, triangular, height about 1.5 times width; length of articular ridge about half length of tergal margin; adductor furrow deep, broad; crest for lateral scutal depressor muscle very deep, broad, triangular in shape (Fig. 9 D); dorsal surface of scutum with horizontal striations (Fig. 9 E). Tergum high, narrow; scutal margin straight with large serrated teeth; articular ridge high, wide; spur prominent; crests for lateral tergal depressor muscle numerous, deep (Fig. 9 C); when articulated, tergum covering almost 1/4 scutum (Fig. 9 C).</p> <p>Cirrus I with posterior ramus very short, about half length of anterior ramus; posterior ramus 9-segmented, anterior ramus 16-segmented (Fig. 10 A); segments of posterior ramus protuberant (Fig. 10 B), segments of anterior rami normal (Fig. 10 C); setae on ramus serrulate (Fig. 10 D). Cirrus II with anterior and posterior rami similar in length, both with protuberant segments, both rami 10-segmented (Fig. 10 E); distal 1–8 segments of lesser curvature of posterior ramus bearing triangular spines (Fig. 10 E); lesser curvature of segments 3–7 of anterior ramus bearing triangular spines (Fig. 10 E, F, G); both rami bearing serrulate setae (Fig. 10 H). Cirrus III, posterior ramus antenniform, 21-segmented, anterior rami non-antenniform, 13-segmented (Fig. 11 A); lesser curvature of first 5 distal segments to most proximal segment of anterior ramus and first 12 distal segments to most proximal segment of posterior ramus bearing triangular shaped spines (Fig. 11 A); both rami bearing serrulate and bidentate setae (Fig. 11 E–H). Cirri IV–VI long, slender; anterior and posterior rami similar in length (Figs 12, 13); basis of cirri IV to VI not bearing triangular spines (Figs. 12 B, C; 13B, E); proximal segment of greater curvature of anterior and posterior rami bearing saw-like spines (Figs 12 D, C, F). Cirrus IV with anterior and posterior rami 19-segmented (Fig. 12 A); lesser curvature of posterior ramus bearing triangular spines. Cirrus V, anterior ramus 22-segmented, posterior ramus 23-segmented (Fig. 13 A). Cirrus VI, both anterior and posterior rami 23-segmented (Fig. 13 D). Intermediate segments of cirri IV–VI of anterior and posterior rami bearing 2 pairs of long setae and 1 pair of short setae (Figs. 12 E–H, 13G, H). Penis without basi-dorsal point; annulations along whole length; setae sparsely distributed (Fig. 13 I); tip with a few bundles of setae (Fig. 13 J).</p> <p>Maxilla bi-lobate, taller than broad, serrulate setae on both lobes (Fig. 14 A–C). Maxillule with V-shaped notch, two large spines above notch, cutting margin below notch slightly protruding, straight, with 8 large setae (Fig. 14 D–F). Mandible with 5 teeth, first largest, separated from remainder, fifth smallest, separated from fourth, located at middle position of lower margin, second and third bidentate, fourth with cutting edge serrated (Fig. 14 G– H); lower margin short, with fine setae; inferior angle sharp with 2 larger setae (Fig. 14 H). Mandibulatory palp rectangular, with serrulate setae on superior margin (Fig. 15 A–D). Labrum notched, notch V-shaped, with 2 large teeth right side and 5 teeth on left side of the cutting margin (Fig. 15 E–H).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This species is named for having numerous spines on its cirri, especially on cirrus II, which is diagnostic and separates <i>Newmanella spinosus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> from the morphologically close species <i>N. radiata</i>.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Currently, <i>Newmanella spinosus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> is recorded from Okinawan (Shuto & Hayashi 2013, identified as <i>N. radiata</i>), Taiwan and the Philippines (Fig. 1), suggesting its distribution may be affected by the Kuroshio Current.</p>Published as part of <i>Chan, Benny K. K. & Cheang, Chi Chiu, 2016, First discovery of a new species of Newmanella Ross, 1969 (Balanomorpha: Tetraclitidae) in the western Pacific, with a note on the new status of Neonrosella Jones, 2010, pp. 201-226 in Zootaxa 4098 (2)</i> on pages 212-220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.2.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/257106">http://zenodo.org/record/257106</a>
FIGURE 3 in A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the challengeri subgroup on Taiwan rocky intertidal shores
No full textFIGURE 3. Chthamalus williamsi sp. nov. Line drawing of cirri under stereomicroscope. A. Cirrus I, B. Cirrus II, C. Cirrus III, D. Cirrus IV, E. Cirrus V, F. Cirrus VI. Scale bars in µm.Published as part of Chan, Benny K. K. & Cheang, Chi Chiu, 2015, A new Chthamalus (Crustacea: Cirripedia) from the challengeri subgroup on Taiwan rocky intertidal shores, pp. 547-558 in Zootaxa 4000 (5) on page 552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/23674
FIGURE 14 in First discovery of a new species of Newmanella Ross, 1969 (Balanomorpha: Tetraclitidae) in the western Pacific, with a note on the new status of Neonrosella Jones, 2010
No full textFIGURE 14. Newmanella spinosus sp. nov. A. Maxilla. B, C. Serrulate setae on maxilla. D. Maxillule. E Notch of maxillule. F. Protruding cutting margin of maxillule below notch. G. Mandible. H. Teeth 1–4 of mandible, note position of tooth 5 is located at middle of lower margin. Scale bar in µm.Published as part of Chan, Benny K. K. & Cheang, Chi Chiu, 2016, First discovery of a new species of Newmanella Ross, 1969 (Balanomorpha: Tetraclitidae) in the western Pacific, with a note on the new status of Neonrosella Jones, 2010, pp. 201-226 in Zootaxa 4098 (2) on page 218, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4098.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25710
The effect of ethanol and caffeine on crayfish aggression
No full textPresentation by Kathleen Bochow ('21), Amanda Cheang ('21), Maryella Cohn ('21), and Tomeny Grace ('20) delivered at the Rhodes College Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity Symposium (URCAS)
Intrinsic Subtype and Therapeutic Response Among HER2-Positive Breast Tumors from the NCCTG (Alliance) N9831 Trial.
No full textBackground: Genomic data from human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) tumors were analyzed to assess the association between intrinsic subtype and clinical outcome in a large, well-annotated patient cohort. Methods: Samples from the NCCTG (Alliance) N9831 trial were analyzed using the Prosigna algorithm on the NanoString platform to define intrinsic subtype, risk of recurrence scores, and risk categories for 1392 HER2+ tumors. Subtypes were evaluated for recurrence-free survival (RFS) using Kaplan-Meier and Cox model analysis following adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 484) or chemotherapy plus trastuzumab (n = 908). All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Patients with HER2+ tumors from N9831 were primarily scored as HER2-enriched (72.1%). These individuals received statistically significant benefit from trastuzumab (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52 to 0.89, P = .005), as did the patients (291 of 1392) with luminal-type tumors (HR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.85, P = .01). Patients with basal-like tumors (97 of 1392) did not have statistically significantly better RFS when treated with trastuzumab and chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.53 to 2.13, P = .87). Conclusions: The majority of clinically defined HER2-positive tumors were classified as HER2-enriched or luminal using the Prosigna algorithm. Intrinsic subtype alone cannot replace conventional histopathological evaluation of HER2 status because many tumors that are classified as luminal A or luminal B will benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab if that subtype is accompanied by HER2 overexpression. However, among tumors that overexpress HER2, we speculate that assessment of intrinsic subtype may influence treatment, particularly with respect to evaluating alternative therapeutic approaches for that subset of HER2-positive tumors of the basal-like subtype
Hedge Portfolios in Markets with Price Discontinuities
Get PDFWe consider a market consisting of multiple assets under jump-diffusion dynamics with European style options written on these assets. It is well-known that such markets are incomplete in the Harrison and Pliska sense. We derive a pricing relation by adopting a Radon-Nikodym derivative based on the exponential martingale of a correlated Brownian motion process and a multivariate compound Poisson process. The parameters in the Radon-Nikodym derivative define a family of equivalent martingale measures in the model, and we derive the corresponding integro-partial differential equation for the option price. We also derive the pricing relation by setting up a hedge portfolio containing an appropriate number of options to "complete" the market. The market prices of jump-risks are priced in the hedge portfolio and we relate these to the choice of the parameters in the Radon-Nikodym derivative used in the alternative derivation of the integro-partial differential equation.incomplete markets; equivalent martingale measure; compound Poisson processes; Radon-Nikodym derivative; multi-asset options; integro-partial differential equation
Prognostic Value of Intrinsic Subtypes in Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated With Letrozole With or Without Lapatinib
No full textIMPORTANCE: The value of the intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer (luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [currently known as ERBB2, but referred to as HER2 in this study]-enriched, and basal-like) in the metastatic setting is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of the intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer with outcome and/or benefit in hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Unplanned retrospective analysis of 821 tumor samples (85.7% primary and 14.3% metastatic) from the EGF30008 phase 3 clinical trial (NCT00073528), in which postmenopausal women with HR-positive invasive breast cancer and no prior therapy for advanced or metastatic disease were randomized to letrozole with or without lapatinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Tumor samples were classified into each subtype using the research-based PAM50 classifier. Prior neoadjuvant/adjuvant antiestrogen therapy was allowed. Patients with extensive symptomatic visceral disease were excluded. Treatment effects were evaluated using interaction tests. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Primary and secondary end points were progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS: The median (range) age was 62 (31-94) years. Intrinsic subtype was the strongest prognostic factor independently associated with progression-free survival and overall survival in all patients, and in patients with HER2-negative (n = 644) or HER2-positive (n = 157) diseases. Median progression-free survival differed across the intrinsic subtypes of clinically HER2-negative disease: luminal A (16.9 [95% CI, 14.1-19.9] months), luminal B (11.0 [95% CI, 9.6-13.6] months), HER2-enriched (4.7 [95% CI, 2.7-10.8] months), and basal-like (4.1 [95% CI, 2.5-13.8] months). Median OS also differed across the intrinsic subtypes: luminal A (45 [95% CI, 41-not applicable {NA}] months), luminal B (37 [95% CI, 31-42] months), HER2-enriched (16 [95% CI, 10-NA] months), and basal-like (23 [95% CI, 12-NA] months). Patients with HER2-negative/HER2-enriched disease benefited from lapatinib therapy (median PFS, 6.49 vs 2.60 months; progression-free survival hazard ratio, 0.238 [95% CI, 0.066-0.863]; interaction P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This is the first study to reveal an association between intrinsic subtype and outcome in first-line HR-positive metastatic breast cancer. Patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative disease with a HER2-enriched profile may benefit from lapatinib in combination with endocrine therapy. The clinical value of intrinsic subtyping in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer warrants further investigation, but patients with luminal A/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer might be good candidates for letrozole monotherapy in the first-line setting regardless of visceral disease and number of metastases
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