2,684 research outputs found
Does every recursively enumerable set admit a finite-fold diophantine representation?
No full textThe Davis-Putnam-Robinson theorem showed that every partially computable m-ary function f(a_1, . . . , a_m) = c on the natural numbers can be specified by means of an exponential Diophantine formula involving, along with parameters a_1, . . . , a_m, c, some number k of existentially quantified variables. Yuri Matiyasevich improved this theorem in two ways: on the one hand, he proved that the same goal can be achieved with no recourse to exponentiation and, thereby, he provided a negative answer to Hilbert's 10th problem; on the other hand, he showed how to construct an exponential Diophantine equation specifying f which, once a_1, . . . , a_m have been fixed, is solved by at most one tuple of values for the remaining variables. This latter property is called single-foldness. Whether there exists a single- (or, at worst, finite-)fold polynomial Diophantine representation of any partially computable function on the natural numbers is as yet an open problem. This work surveys relevant results on this subject and tries to draw a route towards a hoped-for positive answer to the finite-fold-ness issue
Bia rebeli subsp. arikeme Penz & Casagrande, NEW SSP.
No full textBia rebeli arikeme Penz & Casagrande, NEW SSP. (Figs 6 c–f, 10i, 12) Diagnostic description. Defined by the following combination of characters: (1) MF DFW white apical ocelli vary from medium to small. (2) MF DFW orange band moderately wide, orange scales usually extended proximally along veins. F DFW band narrow in some localities (Brazil, Amazonas, Arimã). (3) DFW iridescent band varying in size as a cline: small, limited to tornus or extending from anal margin to approximately half of the CuA2 cell. F DFW iridescent band more diffuse and narrower than that of actorion, especially noticeable below CuA2 where the iridescence is less extended towards the tornus. (4) M DFW androconial organ on the CuA-CuA1-CuA2 intersection pale, contrasting scale color of surrounding area. (5) M DHW discal androconial pad varying from medium to light brown, never darker than associated hairpencil. (6) M DHW discal hairpencil brown, similar in color to, or darker than discal androconial pad. (7) F VFW ripple pattern slightly less dense than that of M, or similar to that of M in some localities (Brazil, Amazonas, Arimã). Etymology. This species is named after the Arikeme, indigenous people from the region of Rondônia. Type material. Holotype M (Fig. 6 c), deposited in the OM collection, four labels separated by // and transcribed verbatim: HOLOTYPUS // 20-XI-1991, Faz[enda] Rancho Grande, Cacaulândia, Ariquemes, RO[NDONIA] Mielke leg. // OM 27.664 // Holotypus Bia rebeli arikeme Penz & Casagrande, 2017. Paratypes are listed in Appendix, and Fig. 6 d–f show paratypes M and F. Distribution and examined specimens. Fig. 12 and Appendix. Remarks. Bia rebeli arikeme is parapatric with rebeli pareci, described below.Published as part of Penz, Carla M., Casagrande, Mirna M., Devries, Phil & Simonsen, Thomas J., 2017, Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), pp. 201-237 in Zootaxa 4258 (3) on page 219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/56972
Bia rebeli subsp. cuprea Penz & Casagrande, NEW SSP.
No full textBia rebeli cuprea Penz & Casagrande, NEW SSP. (Figs 7 a–c, 10j, 12) Diagnostic description. Defined by the following combination of characters: (1) MF DFW white apical ocelli small. (2) MF DFW orange band wide, orange scales extended proximally along veins, including the anterior tip of discal cell. (3) M DFW iridescent band absent or barely visible at tornus only. F DFW iridescent band shorter, more diffuse and narrower than that of actorion, especially noticeable below CuA2 where the iridescence is less extended towards the tornus. (4) DFW androconial organ on Cu-CuA2 pale, contrasting scale color of surrounding area. (5) M DHW discal androconial pad cream-colored. (6) M DHW discal hairpencil pale brown to cream-colored. (7) F VFW ripple pattern usually slightly less dense than that of M, with the VFW postmedial area showing a more predominantly yellow color. Etymology. Cuprum is the Latin word for copper, which is used in reference to the fact that males of rebeli cuprea lack blue iridescence, being only orange and brown dorsally. Type material. Holotype M (Fig. 7 a), deposited in the DZUP collection, five labels separated by // and transcribed verbatim: HOLOTYPUS // Comunidade Paxiúba, Rio Abacaxis, Borba, Amaz [onas], 2–4-VI -2008, 4°28’48’’S 58°34’24’’ Mielke & Casagrande leg. // gen.[itália] prep.[arada] Casagrande, 2011 // DZ 16.378 // Holotypus Bia rebeli cuprea Penz & Casagrande, 2017. Paratypes are listed in Appendix, and Fig. 7 b–c show paratypes F and M. Distribution and examined specimens. Fig. 12 and Appendix. Remarks. Eurides Furtado (private collection, Appendix) provided photographs of two females seemingly of rebeli cuprea from Brazil, Amazonas, Maués (Penera River). Note that the examined material includes one male and two females from the Amazonian municipality of Manacapuru, which extends north and south of the Solimões River. Although we find it less likely that B. rebeli cuprea was collected north of the Solimões, this should be confirmed in future fieldwork.Published as part of Penz, Carla M., Casagrande, Mirna M., Devries, Phil & Simonsen, Thomas J., 2017, Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), pp. 201-237 in Zootaxa 4258 (3) on page 220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/56972
Bia decaerulea subsp. pallida Casagrande & Penz, NEW SSP.
No full textBia decaerulea pallida Casagrande & Penz, NEW SSP. (Figs 4 g–h, 10f, 12) Diagnostic description. Defined by the following combination of characters: (1) MF DFW white apical ocelli medium-small (larger in F). (2) MF DFW orange band somewhat diffuse, somewhat narrow (narrower than decaerulea decaerulea); orange scales somewhat extended proximally along veins. (3) M DFW iridescent band generally absent, but the location of the band might be visible under the scope when the specimen is tilted (a sheen is visible near tornus), a faint blue color is sometimes present. F DFW blue iridescence somewhat narrow and subdued (can be very faint); diffuse anteriorly. (4) M DFW androconial scales on the CuA-CuA1-CuA2 intersection dark brown, matching scale color of surrounding area and intermingled with orange scales. (5) M DHW discal androconial pad pale brown, lighter than associated hairpencil. (6) M DHW discal hairpencil brown, darker in color than discal androconial pad. (7) F VFW ripple pattern less dense than that of M, with the VFW postmedial area showing a more predominantly yellow color. Etymology. The name pallida alludes to the lighter color of the discal androconial pad as compared to the nominal subspecies and decaerulea cayana. Type material. Holotype M (Fig. 4 g), deposited in the DZUP collection, four labels separated by // and transcribed verbatim: HOLOTYPUS // BR. Amazonas, Barcelos, Rio Padauari, Com.[unidade] Acuquaia, 08-10- VI-2010, 0°13’36”N 63°59’20”W, Mielke & Casagrande leg. // DZ 20.713 // Holotypus Bia decaerulea pallida Casagrande & Penz, 2017. Paratypes are listed in Appendix, and Fig. 4 h shows a paratype F. Distribution and examined specimens. Fig. 12 and Appendix. Remarks. The dorsal hind wing discal androconial pad of one specimen from Brazil, Amazonas, Tonantins (CMNH) is darker than that of specimens from those collected in the nearby locality São Paulo de Olivença. Male specimens from Brazil, Amazonas, Barcelos and São Gabriel da Cachoeira have a lighter discal androconial pad than those of other localities (DZUP). Photographs of specimens from Colombia, La Pedrera, Vaupés, San Jose del Guaviare, and Putumayo provided by Gonzalo Andrade match the description above (see Appendix for complete locality data).Published as part of Penz, Carla M., Casagrande, Mirna M., Devries, Phil & Simonsen, Thomas J., 2017, Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), pp. 201-237 in Zootaxa 4258 (3) on pages 213-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/56972
Bia actorion subsp. occulta Casagrande & Penz, NEW SSP.
No full textBia actorion occulta Casagrande & Penz, NEW SSP. (Figs 3 e–f, 10c, 12) Diagnostic description. Defined by the following combination of characters: (1) MF DFW white apical ocelli medium-small. (2) MF DFW orange band moderately wide and in M orange scales not conspicuously extended along veins. (3) M DFW iridescent band from anal margin to usually more than half of the CuA2 cell, with a scatter of scales reaching CuA2 (one specimen differed, where the band was ca. half of the cell). F DFW blue iridescence well developed but variable; usually extended across the entire DC, diffuse anteriorly; usually visible at the CuA1-CuA2 intersection; below the discal cell, the iridescent area is wide and it spreads towards the tornus. F seems indistinguishable from actorion actorion. (4) M DFW androconial organ on the CuA-CuA1-CuA2 intersection dark brown, matching scale color of surrounding area. (5) DHW discal androconial pad chocolate-brown, comparable in color to the associated hairpencil. (6) M DHW discal hairpencil dark brown. (7) F VFW ripple pattern of the postmedial area similar to that of M. Etymology. The name occulta originates from the Latin word for hidden, alluding to the fact that this subspecies occupies the southeastern edge of the species’ geographical range. Type material. Holotype M (Fig. 3 e), deposited in the DZUP collection, four labels separated by // and transcribed verbatim: HOLOTYPUS // Pará, Acará, Alça Viária Km 20, 23-VII-2006, P.Jauffret leg. // DZ 22.447 // Holotypus Bia actorion occulta Casagrande & Penz, 2017. Paratypes are listed in Appendix, and Fig. 3 f shows a paratype F. Distribution and examined specimens. Fig. 12 and Appendix. Remarks. Male specimens from Brazil, Pará, Caxiuanã have a much reduced male dorsal forewing iridescent band. This band is absent in two specimens from Pará, Carajás and Maranhão, Imperatriz. Inasmuch as these specimens markedly differ from those of other localities, we tentatively assign them to actorion occulta but recognize that this should be re-visited when additional specimens become available. It would be of interest to confirm the existence of a north-south cline within actorion occulta with regard to the size and presence of the male dorsal forewing iridescent band.Published as part of Penz, Carla M., Casagrande, Mirna M., Devries, Phil & Simonsen, Thomas J., 2017, Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), pp. 201-237 in Zootaxa 4258 (3) on pages 209-211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/56972
External morphology of Almeidaia aidae Mielke & Casagrande (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae, Arsenurinae, Almeidaiini). I. Head, appendages and cervical region
No full textA morfologia externa do adulto de Almeidaia aidae Mielke & Casagrande, 1981 é descrita e ilustrada pela pela primeira vez. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com outras espécies de Saturniidae. É uma espécie rara e endêmica da região do Cerrado. Estudos sobre sua biologia foram publicados recentemente pelo quarto autor.The external morphology of adult head of Almeidaia aidae Mielke & Casagrande, 1981 is described and illustrated for the first time. The results obtained were compared with other species of Saturniidae. This species is rare and endemic of the Cerrado region. Biological studies were published recenthly by the fourth author
Bia rebeli subsp. acreana Casagrande & Penz, NEW SSP.
No full text<i>Bia rebeli acreana</i> Casagrande & Penz, NEW SSP. <p>(Figs 6 a–b, 10h, 12)</p> <p> <b>Diagnostic description.</b> Defined by the following combination of characters: (1) MF DFW white apical ocelli small. (2) MF DFW orange band moderately wide, opaque, orange scales somewhat extended proximally along veins. (3) M DFW iridescent band not reaching CuA2, and appearing less intense than in other taxa. F DFW iridescent band less intense and of a paler hue; this band is narrower and shorter than that of other <i>rebeli</i> subspecies, extending less than half the height of the discal cell and not reaching the tornus. (4) M DFW androconial organ on the CuA- CuA1-CuA2 intersection pale, contrasting scale color of surrounding area. (5) DHW discal androconial pad cream-colored. (6) DHW discal hairpencil brown, darker than scales of the associated androconial pad. (7) F VFW ripple pattern slightly less dense than, or similar to, that of M.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> This subspecies is named after the Brazilian state of Acre.</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype M (Fig. 6 a), deposited in the DZUP collection, four labels separated by // and transcribed verbatim: HOLOTYPUS // 23–30-VIII-2014, Rio Moa, P [ar]q.[ue] Nac.[ional] Serra do Divisor (Séde), Mâncio Lima, Acre, Brasil. Mielke, Casagrande, Carneiro, Dias, Dolibaina, Siewert & Salik leg. 7°26’52’’S. 73°30’55’’// DZ 32.591 // Holotypus <i>Bia rebeli acreana</i> Casagrande & Penz, 2017. Paratypes are listed in Appendix, and Fig. 6 b shows a paratype F.</p> <p> <b>Distribution and examined specimens.</b> Fig. 12 and Appendix.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The dorsal hind wing discal androconial pad of <i>rebeli acreana</i> (Fig. 10 h) is as light as that of <i>rebeli rebeli</i> (Figs 1 c, 6a), but the hairpencil of the latter seems to be lighter in color. These two subspecies are allopatric. The male dorsal forewing orange band of <i>rebeli acreana</i> is more similar to <i>rebeli aegina</i> than to <i>rebeli arikeme</i> and <i>rebeli pareci</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Penz, Carla M., Casagrande, Mirna M., Devries, Phil & Simonsen, Thomas J., 2017, Documenting diversity in the Amazonian butterfly genus Bia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), pp. 201-237 in Zootaxa 4258 (3)</i> on pages 218-219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/569729">http://zenodo.org/record/569729</a>
Rufocumbre schneideri Dolibaina & Mielke & Casagrande 2017, sp. nov.
No full textRufocumbre schneideri sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:71BC9F9D-5A62-4244-9B7E-10216822228B Figs 13–16, 24, 36, 41, 46, 56. Cumbre belli eberti [misidentification]; K. Brown & Mielke, 1967. Jour. Lep. Soc. 21: 166. Cumbre sp. n.; Dolibaina; Mielke & Casagrande, 2011. Biota Neotrop. 11 (1): 345. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from all the other species of Rufocumbre by having the uncus widely bifid, with the arms extremely narrowed; proximal margin of ampulla not projected; distal projection of harpe exceeding the distal margin of ampulla by a short distance (Fig. 36); lamella antevaginalis widely bifid, with narrow projections, and a patch of membrane in the middle (Fig. 41). Description. Forewing length: Male 15.5–17.2 mm, female 14.2–17 mm. Forewing dorsal (Figs 13, 15, 24): brand with the distal margin of the superior projection irregular near the middle, and the inferior projection angled; ellipsoid cream spot on 2A, at the center of 2A, developed in both sexes. Hind wing ventral (Figs 14, 16): basal and postdiscal bands dark orange, without gray to purple scales on the basal band; postdiscal band very short in Rs-M1. Male genitalia (Fig. 36): Fenestra semicircular and large; uncus widely bifid, arms parallel to gnathos, narrow, about 1/3 the width of the gnathos arm, tip pointed; ampulla with the proximal margin not projected, and dorsodistal margin with a small tip; distal spine of harpe larger and less pointed than in other species, short, exceeding the distal margin of ampulla by a short distance; aedeagus distally bifid, with convergent and unequal projections; cornutus absent. Female genitalia (Figs 41, 46): Lamella antevaginalis widely bifid from base, with narrow and divergent projections, and a patch of membrane at the middle of each projection; lamella postvaginalis distally bifid, with large and convergent rounded projections; ductus bursae smooth at the insertion with corpus bursae; corpus bursae with two long and large lines of signa, extending for almost all its extension, each line medially crossed by a narrow and smooth area. Comments. This species is very similar and potentially sympatric with R. celioi sp. nov. (Figs 1–4). Both species were collected in adjacent areas in Paraná state (Figs 54, 56); however, unlike the situation for R. celioi sp. nov., R. schneideri sp. nov. is known from few and sparse records from Tocantins to Paraná (Fig. 56), with just one specimen collected for each locality (with the exception of Sobradinho, Brasília, Distrito Federal where a male and a female were collected in 1966 and 1968, respectively). The males of R. schneideri sp. nov. are readily distinguished from those of R. celioi sp. nov. by the developed brand on the dorsal forewing (Fig. 24) and by the deeply bifid uncus with narrow arms (Fig. 36). Females are easily separated by the presence of the lamella antevaginalis in R. schneideri sp. nov. (Fig. 41) whereas it is absent in R. celioi sp. nov. (Fig. 38), a character easily observable in dry specimens after removing the scales of the tip of the abdomen (dissection is not required). Brown & Mielke (1967) listed this new species as Cumbre belli eberti from Central Brazil Plateau (specimen from Sobradinho, Brasília), while Dolibaina et al. (2011) mentioned it as Cumbre sp. n. from Guarapuava region, Paraná. Geographical distribution and phenology. Rufocumbre schneideri sp. nov. is known from a few records from Tocantins, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais and Paraná, in areas between 200 and 1365 m (Fig. 56). Specimens were collected in January, February, March, May, October and December. Etymology. This new species is dedicated in memory of our friend the late Hipólito Schneider, an amateur insect collector that lived in Guarapuava, Paraná, whose work inspired the first author to study Lepidoptera. Examined material. The holotype male has the following labels: / HOLOTYPUS / 29-30-I-2006 12,5 Km N VENTANIA, PARANÁ [, BRAZIL], 1000m O. MIELKE LEG. / Gen[italia]. Prep[ared]. Dolibaina 2010 / DZ 15.736/ BC-DZ / HOLOTYPUS Rufocumbre schneideri Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2017/. DZUP. The allotype female has the following labels: / ALLOTYPUS / 19-III-1991 Água Mineral, Tibagi, P[a]R[aná, Brazil]. Mielke & Casagrande leg / Gen[italia]. Prep[ared]. Dolibaina 2010 / DZ 17.114 / ALLOTYPUS Rufocumbre schneideri Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2017/. DZUP. Paratypes: BRAZIL – Tocantins: Ilha do Bananal, 28.V.1979, Gifford leg. 1 female (DZ 15.619*) (DZUP). Distrito Federal: Brasília (Sobradinho), 1050 m, 24.II.1966, Mielke leg. 1 male (OM 8.992*) (OM), 26.XII.1968, Ebert leg. 1 female (DZ 15.647*) (DZUP). Minas Gerais: Conceição dos Ouros, 1365 m, 30.III.2005, Almeida leg. 1 male (OM 66.843*) (OM), (Serra Grande), 8.II.2003, Mielke & Casagrande leg. 1 female (OM 59.073*) (OM); Poços de Caldas, 1250 m, 2-4.X.1966, Ebert leg. 1 female (DZ 10.346*) (DZUP). Paraná: Ponta Grossa (20 Km N – Piriquitos), 900 m, 31.I.1990, Mielke leg. 1 male (OM 25.079*) (OM); Prudentópolis (RPPN Ninho do Corvo), 800 m, 12.X.2008, Dolibaina leg. 1 male (DD 207*) (DD).Published as part of Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2017, Taxonomy of Rufocumbre gen. nov., a new Moncini skipper genus (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae), pp. 196-216 in Zootaxa 4365 (2) on pages 210-211, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4365.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/111760
Generation and decoherence of mesoscopic superposition states in a strongly driven micromaser
No full textWe show that the decoherence of mesoscopic superposition states of a cavity field can be observed when an additional classical field strongly drives the atoms in a micromaser like device. Due to solvable system dynamics, analytical expressions provide phase space descriptions of all stages of atom pair correlation measurements at steady-state in the presence of pumping, driving, and dissipative effects. The detection of the first atom prepares a pure field state, which entangles with the second atom that acts as a meter. The decoherence rate, derived from conditional probabilities for atomic detection, depends on the square of the interaction time, that is the parameter that rules the separation in phase space between the pure state components. The quantum coherence is unaffected by the atomic pumping. Starting instead the correlation measurement from a vacuum state and without pumping the cavity we propose an alternative method to monitor the decoherence of Schrodinger cat states
Generation of maximally entangled atom pairs in driven dissipative cavity QED systems
No full textWe investigate the entanglement of an open tripartite system where a cavity field mode in thermal equilibrium is off-resonantly coupled with two atoms that are simultaneously driven by a resonant coherent field. For moderately detuned atom-field coupling and strong atomic driving we show the generation, at given interaction times and for low enough cavity decay rates, of atomic Bell states and of Bell state superpositions relevant for quantum gates implementation. The system can oscillate between bi-separable and fully separable states. Also we describe the distribution of quantum correlations between the atom-atom and the two atom-field subsystems. In the dispersive coupling regime with strongly driven atoms we show the generation of nearly stationary Bell states which remain protected from cavity dissipation
- …
