128 research outputs found
Applying composite performance measures to trauma care
No full textCameron D. Willis, Johannes U. Stoelwinder, Fiona E. Lecky, Maralyn Woodford, Tom Jenks, Omar Bouamra and Peter A. Camero
Determinants of adoption of protected designation of origin label: Evidence from the french brie cheese industry
No full textThis paper investigates empirically the determinants of agro-food firms' adoption of the Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) label. A unique dataset containing firm-level cost and production information on the French Brie cheese is used, covering the period 1980-2000. The Brie cheese data are especially relevant as PDO Brie producers have coexisted with other non-PDO producers since 1981. To evaluate the producers' incentive to opt for PDO certification, we use a structural switching regression model which incorporates cost and production structure variables. Results show that PDO certification is less attractive the higher the costs of raw materials and the greater the size of the company. PDO Brie cheese production costs are estimated to be on average 40percent higher than those for non-PDO Brie. The PDO production process could be technically inefficient when compared with the unconstrained non-PDO manufacturing; yet, PDO producers benefit from a price premium on their product which offsets their higher production cost. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 The Agricultural Economics Society.Ali A. I., 1993, MEASUREMENT PRODUCTI, P120; Arfini F., 2006, CASE STUDY PARMIGIAN; BABCOCK BA, 2003, IOWA AG REV, V9; BANKER RD, 1984, MANAGE SCI, V30, P1078, DOI 10.1287-mnsc.30.9.1078; Bonnet C, 2001, EUR REV AGRIC ECON, V28, P433, DOI 10.1093-erae-28.4.433; BOWLIN WF, 1998, J COST ANAL FAL, P3; Coelli T, 1999, EUR J OPER RES, V117, P326, DOI 10.1016-S0377-2217(98)00271-9; Colinet P., 2006, CASE STUDY COMTE CHE; Collado R., 2006, CASE STUDY DEHESA EX; Fare R., 1994, PRODUCTION FRONTIERS; FARRELL MJ, 1957, J R STAT SOC SER A-G, V120, P253, DOI 10.2307-2343100; HASSAN D, 2002, CAHIERS EC SOCIOLOGI, V65, P23; Huang MY, 2002, J PROD ANAL, V18, P223, DOI 10.1023-A:1020686610802; Marette S, 2005, 05WP406 IOW STAT U C; Rosen Sherwin, 1979, J POLITICAL EC, V87, P507; Sauer J, 2006, J APPL ECON, V9, P139; SEIFORD LM, 1990, J ECONOMETRICS, V46, P7, DOI 10.1016-0304-4076(90)90045-U; van Ittersum K, 2007, J AGR ECON, V58, P1, DOI 10.1111-j.1477-9552.2007.00080.x108
Removing EU milk quotas, soft landing versus hard landing
No full textThis paper analyses EU dairy policy reforms and mainly focus on EU milk quota removal scenarios. The model used to evaluate the scenario is a spatial equilibrium model of the dairy sector. It integrates the main competitor of the EU on world markets, Oceania, as well as the main importing regions in the rest of the world. The paper first assesses the impact of the Luxembourg scenario in the prospect of a new WTO agreement in the future. It then provide a quantitative assessment of the impact of the abolition of EU milk quotas on the EU dairy sector either through a gradual phasing out or through an abrupt abolition of milk quotas. Compared to a status-quo policy, the Luxembourg policy leads to a 7.6 percent milk price decrease and a 1.9 percent milk production increase. A gradual increase of milk quotas as recently proposed by the European Commission (+ 7% over 6 years) generate a 9% drop in the EU milk price (compared to the Luxembourg scenario) and an increase in production by 3.5%. A complete elimination of quotas leads to an additional 1% increase in production and an additional 3% drop in the EU milk price. As compared to the baseline scenario, in the Luxembourg scenario in 2014-15, producers gain 1.3 billion ¿, whereas in the same year they lose 2.6 billion ¿ in the soft landing scenario. As such the direct payments are more than sufficient to compensate producers for the loss of producer surplus in the Luxembourg scenario, but fall short to achieve full compensation in the soft landing scenario
Etude et supervision du réseau Data Communication Network (DCN) Dirigé
No full text90 f. : ill. ; 30 cm. (+ CD-Rom)Malgré la fiabilité des réseaux de transmission, la nécessité d'un réseau de supervision est primordiale afin d'assurer une meilleure disponibilité des services d'un operateur de télécommunication. Notre travail consiste à trouver des solutions pour assurer la fiabilité de la supervision du réseau de transmission appartenant à l'opérateur de la téléphonie mobile WTA
Decoupling and prices: determinant of dairy farmers’ choices? A model to analyse impacts of the 2003 CAP reform
Get PDFThe reform of European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in 2003 has resulted in substantial changes to the attribution of subsidies to dairy farmers. Moreover, dairy farmers are in also facing an unprecedented situation on the markets with the soaring prices of agricultural raw materials: they sell their products at a higher price (milk, meat and cereals), but must also cope with the increasing prices of concentrates. In this paper1, we discuss cross effects, on the productive strategy of French dairy farms, of the Luxemburg Agreement and the prices variations. A model based on mathematical programming has been privileged to determine how dairy farmers might re-evaluate their systems to identify optimal production plan. While respecting the principle of agent rationality (maximization of profit), the model incorporates the economic risk related to the volatility of the inputs and outputs prices. Thus the model maximises the expected utility of the income while taking into account a set of constraints: regulatory, structural, zootechnical, agronomic and environmental. The model is applied to four types of dairy farms to cope with the diversity of production systems in the west of France (“grazier” type, “semi intensive” type, “milk + cereals” type and “milk + young bulls” type). The model is used to produce quantitative estimations and support reflection through the simulation of the setting up of the Single payment scheme. The sensitivity of the results is discussed by taking into account several options of prices for cereals and livestock products. These may have a strong influence on the structure of the diet and, therefore, on the level of intensification of the forage area. The results show that the implementation of the CAP reform encourages farmers to substitute a part of corn silage by grass in the diet. However, the rising price of agricultural production encourages, on the contrary, farmers to intensify their system in order to free up land for growing cereals. We also observe that a decrease of the young bulls fattening activity to develop cereal crops is also economically profitable.dairy farm, single payment, price variation, Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,
EU Dairy Sector: Impact of Luxemburg Reform, EU Enlargement and Trade Negotiations
Get PDFThe EU dairy sector is facing a period of significant changes that are due to three major decisions: the EU enlargement, the Luxembourg reform and on-going WTO negotiations. To evaluate the impact of such changes we developed a model of the EU and world dairy industry. The model is composed of two modules that interact: a milk and beef supply module and a dairy industry module. In this paper we present the model and focus on elements that are crucial for a better understanding of the impact of reforms: quota rents in the EU, evolution of production in the new member states and trade policy.agricultural policy, dairy industry, partial equilibrium model, International Relations/Trade, C21, Q13, Q18,
Contribution à l'amélioration de la rigidité flexionnelle des poutres par une nouvelle technique de confinement
Get PDF116 f. : ill. ; 30cm. (+ CD- Rom)Le recours aux techniques de confinement de béton pour améliorer la rigidité des éléments structuraux est une question d’actualité, vu l’état de dégradation d’un nombre assez important d’ouvrages de génie civil et de travaux publics. En effet, une faible variation de l’état de fissuration peut provoquer des variations assez importantes de la rigidité flexionnelle des poutres.
En s’inspirant des études sur le confinement de béton et sur les courbures des barres, nous proposons, dans ce travail de recherche, un procédé innovant de confinement axial interne du béton de la zone tendue de la poutre, produit par l’effort de compression dû à la composante normale de l’effort de traction sollicitant l’armature de résistance, au niveau de l’ancrage de la barre.
Cette technique permet de mobiliser des contraintes de confinement dés le début du chargement, qui vont s’opposer à l’initiation et à l’ouverture des fissures de flexion. La capacité de la poutre confinée est améliorée comparativement à la poutre en béton armé de conception traditionnelle.
Dans le but de quantifier les augmentations en termes de résistance et de rigidité flexionnelle, une investigation expérimentale et une analyse numérique sont réalisées. En s’appuyant sur la notion d’équilibre des sections, un organigramme de calcul de la
charge équivalente est développé dans le but d’optimiser les paramètres conceptuels inhérents au procédé de confinement proposé.
D’un point de vue économique, ce procédé permet de mobiliser la pression de confinement, sans utiliser des matériaux additionnels, il peut concurrencer les méthodes traditionnelles de confinement qui nécessitent des procédures beaucoup plus complexes et onéreuses. Le procédé proposé permet de mobiliser le confinement de béton dés le début du chargement de la poutre contrairement aux procédés existants
Structural and electronics properties of Rh-doped SnO<sub>2</sub> (110) surfaces: Ab-initio calculations
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