230 research outputs found
Case report : cystoscopic use of cyanoacrylate glue for bleeding during transurethral resection of bladder tumors
No full textAn 81-year-old woman with a history of nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision for grade 3 stage pT3N0M0 transitional-cell neoplasia presented with three bladder neoplasms. She also had symptomatic varicose veins in the lower extremities and received low-molecular-weight heparin. During transurethral resection of the tumors, deep ablation of the base of one lesion resulted in significant arterial bleeding that could not be controlled with normal endoscopic techniques. On the basis of previous positive experience, we endoscopicaly injected 3 mL of cyanoacrylate glue (Glubran 2) deeply (5 mm) into the tissue surrounding the bleeding site, making four injections with a device used for collagen injections. The area was irrigated with mannitol and sorbitol, and within a few seconds, there was complete remission of bleeding. We waited a further 90 seconds with the bladder distended to allow the substance to lose its adhesive properties so as to avoid having the bladder walls stick together. The catheter was removed on the third day, with resumption of micturition and clear urine. This appears to be the first case of cystoscopic use of cyanoacrylate glue to control bleeding
Editorial: Role of Ribonucleases in Immune Response Regulation During Infection and Cancer
No full textL'iperespressione di cerbB2 nel carcinoma vescicale
No full textSCOPO DEL LAVORO:
Valutare la relazione tra l'espressione dell'oncogene cerbB2 e il grado dei tumori a cellule transizionali
della vescica, attraverso due metodiche: analisi immunoistochimica ed analisi quantitativa basata sulla
metodologia Taqman (RealTime RTPCR).
MATERIALI E METODI:
Il materiale utilizzato è stato ottenuto da campioni operatori da un totale di 111 pazienti (55 cistectomie
e 56 resezioni endoscopiche transuretrali). Per quanto riguarda il grading istologico (WHO/ISUP
2002), 30 casi (27%) erano carcinomi uroteliali a basso grado, 81 (73%) erano ad alto grado di malignità.
Per quanto riguarda lo stadio (TNM 2006): 32 casi erano Ta, 18 casi T1, 16 casi T2, 31 casi T3, 14
casi T4. L'analisi immunoistochimica è stata effettuata su sezioni in paraffina utilizzando l'anticorpo
monoclinale HER2/neu (DAKO). L'analisi molecolare è stata condotta su 15 prelievi di mucosa vescicale
neoplastica e 2 di mucosa sana. La metodica utilizzata è stata la RealTime RTPCR.
RISULTATI:
Per l'analisi immunoistochimica: 27 carcinomi (24%) hanno dimostrato positività immunoistochimica
per HER2/neu. In base al grado sec. WHO/ISUP 2002, esse si raggruppavano in 2(7%) carcinomi a basso
grado e 25 (93%) ad alto grado. Per quanto riguarda lo stadio, le neoplasie risultavano così distribuite:
4 Ta, 9 T1, 3 T2, 10 T3, 1 T4. A fini statistici le neoplasie sono state suddivise in due gruppi: superficiali
(Ta) versus infiltranti (T1T4); l'analisi condotta tramite il TStudent ha evidenziato una correlazione statisticamente
significativa tra iperespressione e stadi più avanzati (p=0.01). Per l'analisi molecolare: la
RTPCR ha mostrato in tutti i casi livelli evidenziabili di HER2/neu mRNA, sia su prelievi di mucosa neoplastica
che normale. Nei 3 prelievi di mucosa normale, i livelli di mRNA riscontrati sono più bassi rispetto
alla controparte neoplastica. Tra i prelievi neoplastici, nel 60% dei casi erano dimostrabili livelli elevati
di HER2/neu mRNA.
DISCUSSIONE:
La corretta valutazione dell'iperespressione di cerbB2 è di estremo interesse in vista di un utilizzo di
anticorpi monoclonali (Herceptin, Trastuzumab) per i carcinomi vescicali di stadio avanzato o per quelli
che non rispondono alla chemioterapia convenzionale.
MESSAGGIO CONCLUSIVO:
L'iperespressione di cerbB2 è risultata direttamente proporzionale al grado ed allo stadio della neoplasia.
Con la RTPCR è stato possibile evidenziare cerbB2 mRNA in tutti i casi, con valori elevati di mRNA
nel 60% dei tumori analizzati. I risultati ottenuti attraverso le due metodiche sono significativamente
correlati, benché le analisi molecolari RTPCR mostrino una maggiore sensibilità (possibilità di svelare i
falsi negativi). Ulteriori studi con followup più lungo ed un maggior numero di pazienti possono meglio
stabilire il ruolo dell'espressione di cerbB2 come fattore prognostico per il tumore della vescica
Cloning and transposon vectors derived from satellite bacteriophage P4 for genetic manipulation of Pseudomonas and other gram-negative bacteria
No full textWe developed transposon and cloning shuttle vectors for genetic manipulation of Pseudomonas and other gram-negative bacteria, exploiting the unique properties and the broad host range of the satellite bacteriophage P4. P4::Tn5 AP-1 and P4::Tn5 AP-2 are suicide transposon vectors which have been used for efficient Tn5 mutagenesis in Pseudomonas putida. pKGB2 is a phasmid vector with a cloning capacity of about 7.5 kb; useful unique cloning sites are SacI and SacII in the streptomycin resistance determinant and PvuI and XhoI in the kanamycin resistance determinant. pKGB4 is a cosmid derived from pKGB2 and carries the additional cloning site SmaI in the kanamycin resistance determinant; its cloning capacity is about 18 kb. These vectors and their recombined derivatives were transferred from Escherichia coli to P. putida by transduction and may be used for other bacterial species susceptible to P4 infection
Spatio-Temporal Changes of Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Stiffness in the Development of the Leech Hirudo verbana
No full textThe invertebrate leech Hirudo verbana represents a powerful experimental animal model for improving the knowledge about the functional interaction between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells within the tissue microenvironment (TME), and the key role played by ECM stiffness during development and growth. Indeed, the medicinal leech is characterized by a simple anatomical organization reproducing many aspects of the basic biological processes of vertebrates and in which a rapid spatiotemporal development is well established and easily assessed. Our results show that ECM structural organization, as well as the amount of fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagen are deeply different from hatching leeches to adult ones. In addition, the changes in ECM remodelling occurring during the different leech developmental stages, leads to a gradient of stiffness regulating both the path of migratory cells and their fates. The ability of cells to perceive and respond to changes in ECM composition and mechanics strictly depend on nuclear or cytoplasmic expression of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1), a key mediator converting mechanical signals into transcriptional outputs, expression, and activation
Dynamic relationship among extracellular matrix and body wall cells in Hirudo verbana morphogenesis
No full textA great bulk of recent experimental evidence suggests the key role of the complex crosstalk between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cellular component of tissues during morphogenesis and embryogenesis. In particular, remodeling of the ECM and of its physical interactions pattern with surrounding cells represent two crucial processes that might be involved in muscle development. However, little information is available on this topic, especially on invertebrate species. To obtain new insights on how tuning the ECM microenvironment might drive cellular fate during embryonic development, we used the invertebrate medicinal leech Hirudo verbana as a valuable experimental model, due to its simple anatomy and the recapitulation of many aspects of the basic biological processes of vertebrates. Our previous studies on leech post-embryonic development have already shown the pivotal role of ECM changes during the growth of the body wall and the role of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in mechanotransduction. Here, we suggest that the interactions between stromal cell telocytes and ECM might be crucial in driving the organization of muscle layers during embryogenesis. Furthermore, we propose a possible role of the pleiotropic enzyme HvRNASET2 as a possible modulator of collagen deposition and ECM remodeling not only during regenerative processes (as previously demonstrated) but also in embryogenesis
HvRNASET2 regulate connective tissue and collagen i remodeling during wound healing process
No full textSeveral studies have recently demonstrated that the correct regeneration of damaged tissues and the maintaining of homeostasis after wounds or injuries are tightly connected to different biological events, involving immune response, fibroplasia, and angiogenetic processes, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In this context, our previous data demonstrated that the Hirudo verbana recombinant protein rHvRNASET2 not only plays a pivotal role in innate immune modulation, but is also able to activate resident fibroblasts leading to new collagen production, both in vivo and in vitro. Indeed, when injected in the leech body wall, which represents a consolidated invertebrate model for studying both immune response and tissue regeneration, HvRNASET2 induces macrophages recruitment, fibroplasia, and synthesis of new collagen. Based on this evidence, we evaluate the role of HvRNASET2 on muscle tissue regeneration and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in rHvRNASET2-injected wounded leeches, compared to PBS-injected wounded leeches used as control. The results presented here not only confirms our previous evidence, reporting that HvRNASET2 leads to an increased collagen production, but also shows that an overexpression of this protein might influence the correct progress of muscle tissue regeneration. Moreover, due to its inhibitory effect on vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, HvRNASET2 apparently interfere with the recruitment of the myoendothelial vessel-associated precursor cells that in turn are responsible for muscle regeneration during wound healing repair
Hirudo verbana as an alternative model to dissect the relationship between innate immunity and regeneration
No full textGiven the key role of innate immunity in both defense against pathogens and tissue regeneration, innovative studies are becoming crucial to provide further information on how both processes are linked together and to clarify how immune cells perform the coordinated regulation of the aforementioned processes.
The present review is mainly focused on two proteins that have been recently found to carry out critical functions in innate immune system regulation, i. e. the Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) and RNASET2, a protein belonging to the T2 ribonuclease family. Their crucial role in both the activation and modulation of the inflammatory response and in the remodeling of connective tissue during grafts and wound repair have been thoroughly investigated in the medicinal leech and will pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to control immune and systemic responses to disease, injury, and bacterial infection, based on the functionalities of these biomolecules
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